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Effect of Pre-preparation with Vinegar against Microorganisms on Vegetables in Foodservice Operations

단체급식에서 채소류 전처리를 위한 식초 소독의 미생물적 효과

  • 김소희 (동주대학 식품과학계열 및 환경보건연구소) ;
  • 정수열 (동주대학 식품과학계열 및 환경보건연구소)
  • Published : 2003.03.01

Abstract

For hygenic evaluation, microbiological tests of seasoned raw vegetal)les from five high school foodservice operations were conducted. The antimicrobiological effect of pre-preparation with vinegar against microorganisms on vegetables in foodservice operations was also investigated. Total plate counts of leek gukgalli, broad bellflower saengchae and vegetable salad ranged from 10$^4$ CFU/g to 10$^{6}$ CFU/g. Coliform levels of those ranged from 10$^2$CFU/g to 10$^4$ CFU/g. Leek washed three times was pre-prepared at different concentration (0.05%,0.1%,0.5%,1% and 2%) and temperature ( 1$0^{\circ}C$ 2$0^{\circ}C$ and 4$0^{\circ}C$) for 5, 10 and 30 minutes. The higher the concentration and temperature of vinegar were, the more the antimicrobiological activity increased. The sanitizing activity of vinegar increased with treatment time. Considering the quality of vegetable and the expense, when the levels of total plate counts and coliform of vegetable were 10$^{6}$ and 10$^3$ CFU/g, pre-preparation with 0.5% of vinegar at 2$0^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes was best. The population of total plate count and coliform on row and leek washed three times increased during storage for 72 hours. However, The levels of microorganism on leek samples pre-prepared with 0.5% and 1% vinegar decreased during storage. After the treatment of vinegar at 1$0^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes, Staphylocucus aureus, Escherichia coli O157, Shigella sonnei, Salmonella entritidis, Listeria monolytogenes were not detected.

단체급식에서 적용할 수 있는 HACCP 시스템 개발시 필요한 기초자료를 얻고자 현재 급식소에서 가열처리 없이 급식되어 위생관리가 요구되는 생채류 조리의 위생실태를 파악하고 생채류 조리의 전처리 단계에서의 채소류에 대한 식초소독의 효과를 실험하였다 고등학교 급식소 5개소의 2002년 1월부터 5월까지의 식단을 분석하여 급식횟수가 높은 생채류 중, 부추겉절이, 도라지생채, 야채샐러드의 미생물적 품질을 평가한 결과, 부추겉절이와 도라지 생채는 1g당 총균수는 $10^{5}$ ~$10^{6}$ CFU, 대장균군은 $10^2$~$10^4$CFU 수준으로 위생관리가 요구되는 상태였다. 급식소에서 생채류의 재료가 되는 부추를 물로 3회 세척한 후, 총산 농도 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%로 조절하고 농도별로 온도를 1$0^{\circ}C$, 2$0^{\circ}C$, 4$0^{\circ}C$로 유지시킨 식초소독액 각각에 부추를 넣어 5분, 10분, 30분 동안 침지시킨 효과를 실험하였다. 식초 농도가 증가할수록 부추의 총균수와 대장균군수의 감소가 증가하였으며 같은 농도에서 소독액의 온도가 높을수록, 침지시간이 길어질수록 그 효과는 높았다. 본 연구 결과에 기초하여 채소류의 질감 손상과 에너지 비용면을 고려할 때 채소류의 초기 총균수가 $10^{6}$대장균군수는 $10^3$수준일 경우 0.5%, 2$0^{\circ}C$의 식초용액으로 10분간 소독하는 것 이 적절할 것으로 생각되었다. 전처리전부추 원시료, 3회 세척한 부추, 3회 세척 후 2$0^{\circ}C$의 0.1%, 0.5%, 1% 식초소독액에서 10분간 침지시킨 부추각각의 시료들을 4$^{\circ}C$에서 저장하면서 시간별로 총균수와 대장균군수를 검사하였다. 부추 원시료와 3회 세척 시료는 저장시간이 길어질수록 미생물은 증가하여 72시간의 저장으로 저장전에 비해 총균수는 각각 5.41 log(1.8배), 0.75 log(5.6배 ), 대장균수는 각각 0.30 log(2배 ), 0.24 log(1.8배) CFU/g증가하였다. 반면 0.1%의 식초소독액에 침지하였던 부추시료들은 72시간의 저장으로 총균수와 대장균군수가 다소 증가하였으나 0.5%와 1%의 식초소독액에 침지하였던 부추시료들은 저장시간이 길어질수록 총균수와 대장균군수가 오히려 감소하였는데 이는 식초 침지시 손상되었던 부추의 총균과 대장균군의 증식이 억제된 때문이라 사료된다. 식중독 병원균인 staphy-lococcus aureus, EscheriEcia coli O157, Shigelia sonnei, Salmonella entritidis, Listeria monolytogenes를 식초농도별로 1$0^{\circ}C$에서 10분간 처리하여 배양시킨 결과, 식초농도 1%이상에서는 검출되지 않았다.

Keywords

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