동과의 섭취가 당뇨 유발 흰쥐의 혈당과 지질대사에 미치는 영향

  • 임숙자 (덕성여자대학교 자연과학대학 식품영양학과) ;
  • 정종길 (동신대학교 한의과대학) ;
  • 김명화 (덕성여자대학교 자연과학대학) ;
  • 최성숙 (덕성여자대학교 자연과학대학) ;
  • 한혜경 (덕성여자대학교 자연과학대학) ;
  • 박지은 (덕성여자대학교 자연과학대학)
  • Published : 2003.05.01

Abstract

This study was designed to investigate the hypoglycemic effects of Benincasa hispida (Wax gourd) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in the male rats by intravenous injection of STZ at a dose of 45 mg/kg dissolved in citrate buffer. The diabetic animals then had plasma glucose concentration of above 300mg/dl. The experimental groups were divided into five groups; normal, STZ-control and three Wax gourd groups (5%, 10% and 20% intake groups). Normal and STZ-control groups were fed on a AIN-93 diet and experimental groups were fed a AIN-93 diet with the Wax gourd powder (5%, 10% and 20%/kg diet) for 4 weeks. The body weight, diet intake and feed efficiency ratio (FER) were monitored. The blood glucose and cholesterol levels were determined everyweek. After 4 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and the levels of glucose, insulin, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and free fatty acids in plasma and levels of glycogen in liver and muscle were analyzed. Diabetic rats showed the lower weight gain compared to the normal rats. The weight gain and feed efficiency ratios in 15 and 20% Wax gourd groups were higher than in STZ-control group. The plasma glucose levels were significantly lower in all Wax gourd groups than in STZ-control group. The plasma insulin levels in diabetic groups were not significantly different compared to the normal group, but the level of 20% Wax gourd group was higher than other diabetic groups. The experimental diabetic groups showed the higher levels of muscle glycogen compared to STZ-control group. The lower levels of plasma cholesterol were noticed in 20% Wax gourd group throughout the experimental period. The plasma level of triglyceride was elevated in STZ-diabetic control and the levels were slightly decreased in Wax gourd groups. Rats of 10% Wax gourd group showed the lower levels of plasma free fatty acids. It is suggested, from the results, that the possibility of therapeutic or preventive use of wax gourd to the diabetes mellitus.

Keywords

References

  1. Annual report on the cause of death statistics. National Statistical Office, Republic of Korea, 1996
  2. Guen RW, Kang SK. Developement of food industry and our food life. Korean food culture academy autumn scholarship confernece, 1993
  3. The Bureau of Statisics. Stastistical annual of mortality cause, pp.37, 1996
  4. Abrams JJ, Ginberg H, GrunMetabolism of cholesterol and plasma triglycerides in non-ketotic diabetes mellitusdy SM. Metabolism of cholesterol and plasma triglycerides in non-ketotic diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 31: 903-910, 1982 https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.31.10.903
  5. Min HK, Yoo HJ, Lee HK, Kim EJ. Changing patterns of the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Korea. Diabetes 6(1): 1-4, 1981
  6. Kim EJ, Lee HK, Choi SB, Kim YK. Epidemiological studies on diabetes mellitus in Korean. Diabetes 5(29): 25-32, 1979
  7. Lee JC, Todays therapy for diabetes, Shinil Co., 1995
  8. Korean statistical association. Annual report on the cause of death statistics, 1999
  9. Song HS. The Encyclopedia of Crops in Korea. Pulkotnamoo, 1998
  10. Ahn DK. The Herb Illustrated-book of Korea. Kyohaksa, 1998
  11. The Encyclopedia Britannica of Korea. Britannica company, 1994
  12. Huh J. Dong. The Handbook of Oriental Medicine. Namsandang, pp.1170, 1994
  13. Grover JK, Adiga G, Vats V, Rathi SS. Extracts of Benincasa hispida prevent developmet of experimental ulcers. J Ethnopharmacology 78: 159-164, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00334-8
  14. Ahn YK. Korean and dogmeat. Hyoilmoonhwasa, pp.247-248, 2000
  15. Ann YG, Shin SC, Kim SK, Shin CS. Studies on Wax gourd wine. Korean J Food Nutr 13(6): 578-584, 2000
  16. Ann YG, Kim SK, Shin CS. Studies on Wax gourd-ginseng vinegar. Korean J Food Nutr 14(1): 52-58, 2001
  17. Ann YG. Studies on Wax gourd-ginseng vinegar. Korean J Food Nutr 14(3): 239-244, 2001
  18. Lee HG, Kim HJ. Sensory and mechanical characteristics of Wax gourd jung kwa by different recipes. Korean J Soc Food Cookery Sci 17(4): 412-420, 2001
  19. Yoshizumi S, Murakami T, Kadoya M, Matsuda H, Yamahara J, Yoshikawa M. Medicinal food stiffs?. Histamine release inhibitors from wax gourd, the fruits of Benincasa hispida cogn. Cogn Yakugaku Zasshi 118:188-192,1998
  20. Uchikoba T, Yonezawa K, Kaneda M. Cucumisin like protease from the sarcocarp of Benincasa hispida var. Ryukyu. Phytochemistry 49(8): 2215-2219, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00135-6
  21. Reeves PG. Components of the AIN-93 diets as improvements in the AIN-76A diet. J Nutr 127: 838-841, 1997
  22. Rakieten N, Rakieten ML, Nadkarni MV. Studies on the diabetogenic actions of streptozotocin. Cancer Chemother Rep 29: 91-98, 1963
  23. Junod A, Lambert AE, Stauffacher W, Renod AE. Diabetogenic action of streptozotocin: Relationship of dose to metabolic response. J Clin Invest 48: 2129-2139, 1969 https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI106180
  24. Wilson GL. Mechanism of streptozotocin-induced and alloxaninduced damage in rat β-cells. Diabetologia 27: 587, 1984 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00276973
  25. Samson M. Amino acid transport in isolated hepatocytes from streptozotocin diabetic rats. Diabetes 29: 996, 1980 https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.29.12.996
  26. Junod A, Lambert AE, Orci L, Picet R, Gonet AE, Renold AE. Studies of the diabetogenic action of streptozotocin. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 126: 201-205, 1967 https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-126-32401
  27. Lee SS, Kim JW. Pharmacological studies on the water extract of fractus of Lycium chinese Mill. Duksung Bull Pharm Sci 2: 29-41, 1991
  28. Rerup CC. Drugs producing diabetes through damage of the insulin secreting cells. Pharmacol Rev 22: 485-518, 1970
  29. Raabo E, Terkildsen TC. On the enzymatic determination of blood glucose. Scandinav J Lab Invest 12: 402-407, 1968 https://doi.org/10.3109/00365516009065404
  30. Desbuquois B, Aurbach GB. Use of polyethylene glycol to separate free and antibody-bound peptide hormones in radioimmunoassays. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 33: 732-738, 1971 https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-33-5-732
  31. Hassid WZ, Abraham X. Chemical procedures for analysis of polysaccharides In: Methods in Enzymology 3. Academic press, pp.34-50, 1957 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(57)03345-5
  32. Richimond W. Preparation and properties of a cholesterol oxidase from Nocardia sp. and its application to the enzymatic assay of total cholesterol in serum. Clin Chem 20: 1350-1359, 1973
  33. Allain CC, Poon LS, Chan CSG, Richmond W, Paul C Fu. Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol. J Clin Chem 20: 470-475, 1974
  34. Finely PR, Schifman RB, Williams RJ, Luchti DA. Cholesterol in high-density lipoprotein: Use of $Mg^{2+}$/dextran sulfate in its measurement. Clin Chem 24: 931-933, 1978
  35. Giegel JL, Ham SB, Clema W. Serum triglyceride determined colorimetry with an enzyme that produces hydrogen peroxide. J Clin Chem 21: 1575-1581, 1975
  36. Kim JC. A summury of clinical tested. Revised ed. 29: 467, 1983
  37. Haglund O, Loustarinen R, Wallin R, Wibell I, Saldeen T. The effect of fish oil on triglycerides, cholesterol, fibrinogen and malondialdehyde in humans supplemented with vitamin. Eur J Nutr 121: 165-172, 1991
  38. Uchiyama M, Mihara M. Determination of malondialdehyde precursor in tissue by thiobarbituric acid test. Anal Biochem 86: 271-278, 1978 https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(78)90342-1
  39. Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AJ, Randall RR. Protein measurement with the foline phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193: 265-273, 1951
  40. Rao M, Blane K, Zonnenberg M. PC-STAT. dept. Food Sci Univ. Georgia, 1985
  41. Park SH, Lee HS. Effects of legume supplementation on the gastrointestinal function and diabetic symptoms in streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats. Korean J Nutr 32(6): 617-627, 1998
  42. Lee JS, Son HS, Maeng YS, Chang YK, Ju JS. Effects of buckwheat on organ weight, glucose and lipid metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Korean Nutr 27: 819-827, 1994
  43. Koh JB. Effects of raw soy flour and magnesium on serum glucose and lipid metabolism in stretpozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutrition 25: 963-968, 1996
  44. Lee JS, Lee GS, Shin HK. Effects of chicory extract on the serum glucose and lipid metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Korean J Nutr 30(7): 781-788, 1997
  45. Koh JB. Effects of raw soy flour (yellow and black) on serum glucose and lipid concentrations in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 27: 313-318, 1998
  46. Fisher KJ, Stewart JK. Phenylethanolamin N-methyltransferase in the basis of STZ diabetic rats. Endocrinology 119: 2586-2589, 1986 https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-119-6-2586
  47. Park SH, Lee YK, Lee HS. The effects of dietary fiber feeding on gastrointestinal functional and lipid and glucose metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Korean J Nutr 27: 311-322, 1994
  48. Woo JY, Baek KY, Han JP. Effect of royal jelly on therapy and prevention of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 27(6): 1267-1272, 1998
  49. Choi WK, Rhee SJ. Effects of vitamin E on the metallothionein synthesis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Korean Food Nutr 24: 183-194, 1995
  50. Goldberg RB. Lipid disorders in diabetes. Diabetes Care 4: 561-572, 1981 https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.4.5.561
  51. Kahn CR. The molecular mechanism of insulin action. Ann Rev Med 36: 429-451, 1985 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.me.36.020185.002241
  52. Like AA, Appe MC, Rossin AA. Autoantibodies in the BB/W rat. Diabetes 31: 816-820, 1982 https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.31.9.816
  53. Lee KH, Chung SH. Antidiabetic effect and mechanism of Mori folium on streptozotocin induced diabetic mouse. Bull KH Pharma Sci 28: 87-99, 2000
  54. Lee JS, Son HS, Maeng YS, Chang YK, Ju JS. Effects of buckwheat on organ weight, glucose and lipid metabolism in streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats. Korean J Nutr 27(8): 819-827, 1994
  55. Akhtar MS, Khan QM, Khaliq T. Effects of Euphorbia prostrata and Fumaria parviflora in normoglycaemic and alloxantreated hyperglycemic rabbits. Planta Medica 50: 138-142, 1984 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-969653
  56. Choi JW, Son KH, Kim SH. The effect of nicotinamide on plasma lipid compositions in streptozotocin induced rats. Korean J Nutr 20: 306-311, 1991
  57. Kim JY, Park JY, Lee KY. Diabetes and traditional medicine: effect of several traditional drugs on the plasma glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes 18: 377-381, 1994
  58. Kim MS, Choue RW, Chung SH, Koo SJ. Blood glucose lowering effects of mulberry leaves and silkworm extracts on mice fed with high-carbohydrate diet. Korean J Nutr 31: 117-125, 1998
  59. Hwang GH, Yoon YH, Choi IS, Choi OK, Kang SK, Kim YD. Effects of Coriandrum sativum L. on lipid contents in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 30(4): 684-691, 2001
  60. Lamela M, Cadavid I, Gato A, Calleja JM. Effect of Lythrum salicaria in normoglycemic rats. J Ethnopharmacology 14: 83-91, 1985 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(85)90032-7
  61. Rhee SJ, Choe WK, Cha BK, Yang JA, Kim KY. Effects of vitamin E and selenium on the antioxidative defense system in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Korean J Nutr 29: 22-31, 1996
  62. Meglasson MD, Burch PT, Berner DK, Najafi H, Matschinsky FM. Identification of glucokinase as an alloxan-sensitive glucose sensor of the pancreatic β-cells. Diabetes 35: 1163-1173, 1986 https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.35.10.1163
  63. Nikkila EA, Hutten JK, Ehnholm C. Postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 26: 11, 1977 https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.26.1.11
  64. Kaufmann RL, Seldner JS, Wilmshurst EG, Le-Maire JR, Gleason RE, White P. Plasma lipid levels in diabetic children. Diabetes 24: 672, 1975 https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.24.7.672
  65. Rhee IJ, Shin JY. Effect of palmiwon on the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. HSJAS 3: 181-188, 1994
  66. Lee SZ, Lee HS. Changes in lipid plasma pattern in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats: A time course study. Korean J Nutr 32: 767-774, 1999
  67. Kim HK, Cho DW, Hahm YT, The effects of Coix bran on lipid metabolism and glucose challenge in hyperlipidemic and diabetic rats, J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 29(1) : 140-146, 2000
  68. Seo SY, Kim HR. Effects of Aralia canescens and Phellodendron amurense extracts on streptozotocin induced diabetic ICR mice. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 26(4): 689-696, 1997
  69. Park KS, Park DJ, Rhee BD, Kim SY, Lee HK, Koh CS, Min HK. Effect of hyperglycemia per se on plasma free fatty acid levels in dog. The Korean J Internal Medicine 33(6): 771-778, 1987
  70. Bierman EL, Dole VP, Roberts TN. Abnormality of nonesterified fatty acid metabolism in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 6: 475 1957
  71. Reitsma WD. The relationship between serum free fatty acids and blood sugar in non-obese and obese diabetics. Acta Med Scand 182: 353-361, 1967 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1967.tb11535.x
  72. Bagdade JD, Porte D Jr, Bierman EL. The interaction of diabetes and obesity on the regulation of fat mobilization in man. Diabetes 18: 759-772, 1969
  73. Sohal RS, Allen RG. Oxidative stress as a causal factor in differentiation and aging: A unifying hypothesis. Exp Gerontol 25: 499-522, 1990 https://doi.org/10.1016/0531-5565(90)90017-V
  74. Frielovich I. The biology of oxygen radicals. the superoxide radical as an agent of oxygen toxicity: superoxide dismutase provides an important defense. Sci 201: 875-880, 1978 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.210504