Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
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The Sensory Characteristics of Korean Wild Teas According to the Degree of Fermentation

발효정도에 따른 국내산 야생차의 기호적 특성

  • Published : 2003.10.01
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Abstract

The present study was conducted to examine sensory characteristics of non-fermented tea and fermented teas with fermented times of 0 hr (green tea), 10 hrs (mild fermented tea), 17 hrs (medium fermented tea), 24 hrs (black tea), respectively. The lightness of tea powder and tea extract got lower, and the redness and the yellowness of those got higher as tea was more fermented. The result of sensory evaluation about the extracts of non fermented tea and fermented teas showed that the preference of flavor got higher in the more fermented tea but one got lower in a mild fermented tea according to temperatures, respectively. The preference of taste got higher at 60∼7$0^{\circ}C$ extracts in the green tea and got the highest at 80∼9$0^{\circ}C$ extracts in the medium fermented tea and black tea. A total of 76 flavor components was detected in non fermented tea and the total contents of those were 129.9 mg/kg. The major components were linalool, geraniol, nerolidol, benzyl alcohol, and linalool oxide. A total of 76 flavor components was detected in the mild fermented tea and total contents of those were 159.1 mg/kg. The major components were geraniol, linalool, linalool oxide, ethanol, benzyl alcohol, etc and were similar in those to the non fermented tea. A total of 79 flavor components was detected in the medium fermented tea and total contents of those were 455.6mg/kg. The major components were ethyl acetate, 3-methylbutanal, ethanol, (E)-2-hexenal, geraniol, linalooloxide. A total of 79 flavor components was detected in the Black tea and total contents of those were 680.5 mg/kg. The major components were 3-methylbutanal, ethyl acetate, geraniol, ethanol, (E)-2-hexenal, hexanal, linalooloxide. The amounts of flavor components was increased, but the amounts of aldehyde compounds was remarkably increased according to the degree of fermentation.

갈색도를 나타내는 420nm에서는 한국차의 경우 발효가 많이된 차일수록, 추출온도가 높을수록 흡광도가 증가되었다. 672nm에서는 녹차 및 반발효차에서 특징적인 peak를 보였고, 발효가 많이된 차일수록 감소되어 강발효차에서는 peak가 나타나지 않았다. 녹차 및 각 발효차 가루 및 차추출액의 색도는 모두 발효를 많이 시킨 차일수록 명도는 낮아지고, 적색도와 황색도는 높아지는 경향을 나타냈다. 발효정도가 같은 차라도 추출액의 온도가 높아질수록 명도는 감소하고 적색도와 황색도는 대체로 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 녹차와 각 발효차의 추출액에 대한 관능 검사의 결과 향미는 발효차의 경우 발효를 많이 시킨 차일수록 선호도가 높았으며 약발효차는 각 온도에서 향미에 대한 선호도는 가장 낮았다. 맛은 녹차의 경우 추출물의 온도가 60∼7$0^{\circ}C$일 때 가장 좋은 선호도를 보였고, 중발효차와 강발효차는 추출물의 온도가 9$0^{\circ}C$일 때 가장 선호도가 높았으며, 온도가 낮아질수록 선호도가 낮게 나타났다. 전체적인 차의 선호도는 녹차, 강발효차, 중발효차, 약발효차의 순이었다. 향기성분은 녹차에서는 76종의 향기성분이 확인되었고, 총함량은 129.919 mg/kg이었으며, 주요성분은 linalool, geraniol, nerolidol, benzyl alcohol과 linalool oxide로 나타났다. 약발효차는 76개의 peak가 확인되었고 총함량은 159.077 mg/kg으로 나타났으며, 주요성분은 geraniol, linalool, linalool oxide, ethanol, benzyl alcohol 등의 함량이 높았으며, 녹차의 성분과 유사하였다. 중발효차는 79개의 휘발성성분이 확인되었고 총함량은 455.608 mg/kg이었으며, 주요성분은 ethyl acetate, 3-methylbutanal, ethanol, (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-geraniol, linalooloxide으로 나타났다. 강발효차는 79개의 휘발성 향기성분이 확인되었고, 총함량은 680.521mg/kg이며 주요성분은 3-methylbutanal, ethyl acetate, geraniol, ethanol, (E)-2-hexenal, hexanal, linalooloxide로 나타났다. 발효가 많이 진행된 차일수록 향기성분의 함량은 증가하였고, 알데히드의 함량이 현저하게 증가하였다.

Keywords

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