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Development of the Formula for Natural Bread-making Starter

천연제빵 발효 Starter의 개발

  • 이종열 (건국대학교 응용생물화학과) ;
  • 이시경 (건국대학교 응용생물화학과) ;
  • 조남지 (혜전대학 호텔제과제빵과) ;
  • 박원종 (공주대학교 식품공학과)
  • Published : 2003.12.01

Abstract

A starter formulation was developed to substitute a baker's yeast with natural starter when manufacturing bread products. To develop an active starlet, starter was formulated varying with types of wheat flours, level of water contents and various nutrients. Activities of starter were investigated in terms of viable counts of microbes and change of pH and total titratible acidity Domestic wheat flours contain 100 times more number of lactic acid bacteria than yeast regardless of types of wheat flours. The more protein contents in wheat flours, the more stable microbes in starter. This was considered to be the result of buffering effect of wheat proteins. The optimum level of protein content to ensure the activity of starter was more than 12.0%. Optimum level of water content in active starter was 110% based on strong flour. The more water or the less water had the tendency of decreasing viable counts of microbes. Addition of salt and sucrose had increased the activity of starters. However oligosaccharides did not affect the activity of starter. The optimum concentrations of salt and sucrose were 1.0% and 5.0% respectively. Bread with the starter was higher scored than breads with yeast in terms of all the quality and sensory characteristics except their volumes. In conclusion, a starter formulated with strong flour 100%, water 110%, salt 1% and sucrose 5% was considered to have high potential as a substitute of yeast in making natural bread.

Starter활성에 미치는 요인들을 조사하기 위하여 밀가루 단백질 함량, 수분첨가비율 및 다양한 영양원을 첨가하면서 starter에 내재된 미생물의 생육과 pH및 적정산도의 변화정도를 관찰하면서 최대의 활성을 나타내는 starter배합을 제시 하고자 하였다. 또한 완성된 starter를 빵 제조에 효모 대신 첨가하면서 식빵의 품질 및 관능 특성을 검토하여 천연 제빵 발효종으로서 starter의 상업적 이용 가능성을 타진하였다. 국내에서 시판되고 있는 밀가루에는 효모보다 젖산균의 수가 100배정도 더 많이 함유되어 있었다. 밀가루 단백질 함량이 많을수록 pH 및 적정산도의 변화가 적어 미생물의 생장에 더 안정적인 경향을 나타냈으며 단백질 함량은 강력분 수준(12.0%이상)이 starter 제조에 적합하였다. 수분 첨가함량이 60% 정도인 경우는 110% 이상인 경우보다 균수가 10배 이상 적었으며 수분함량이 200%인 경우는 pH및 적정산도의 변화가 커서 오히려 starter의 활성을 저해하는 경향을 나타내었다. 따라서 적정 수분함량은 강력분인 경우 110%가 적정하였다. 식염 및 설탕의 첨가는 효모 및 젖산균의 수를 크게 증가시켰으나 올리고당은 거의 영향을 미치지 않았다. 한편 설탕의 농도가 10%이상 그리고 식염의 농도가 2%이상으로 증가되면 삼투압의 영향으로 균의 생장이 억제되는 경향을 나타내었다. Starter의 시험구 중 강력분을 사용하고 수분함량 110%에 설탕 5% 및 식염 1%을 사용한 starter의 발효 팽창력 이 대조구보다 높았다. Starter를 첨가하여 만든 빵은 효모를 첨가하여 만든 빵에 비하여 체적을 제외한 모든 품질 특성에서 우수하였으며 특히 관능 특성에서 유의적으로 높은 점수를 받았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 강력분, 수분 110%, 설탕 5% 및 식염 1%를 배합하여 3일 동안 3$0^{\circ}C$에서 refresh시킨 starter는 실제 제빵시 효모의 효과적인 대체제로서 사용할 수 있으며 상업적 이용 가능성이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

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