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The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea (대한약학회)
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Cytochrome P450 2C8 and CYP3A4/5 are Involved in Chloroquine Metabolism in Human Liver Microsomes

  • Kim, Kyoung-Ah (Research Group of Pain and Neuroscience, East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Park, Ji-Young (Department of Pharmacology, Gachon Medical School) ;
  • Lee, Ji-Suk (Research Group of Pain and Neuroscience, East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Lim, Sabina (Research Group of Pain and Neuroscience, East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University)
  • Published : 2003.08.01
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Abstract

Chloroquine has been used for many decades in the prophylaxis and treatment of malaria. It is metabolized in humans through the N-dealkylation pathway, to desethylchloroquine (DCQ) and bisdesethylchloroquine (BDCQ), by cytochrome P450 (CYP). However, until recently, no data are available on the metabolic pathway of chloroquine. Therefore, the metabolic pathway of chloroquine was evaluated using human liver microsomes and cDNA-expressed CYPs. Chloroquine is mainly metabolized to DCQ, and its Eadie-Hofstee plots were biphasic, indicating the involvement of multiple enzymes, with apparent $K_m and V_{max}$ values of 0.21 mM and 1.02 nmol/min/mg protein 3.43 mM and 10.47 nmol/min/mg protein for high and low affinity components, respectively. Of the cDNA-expressing CYPs examined, CYP1A2, 2C8, 2C19, 2D6 and 3A4/5 exhibited significant DCQ formation. A study using chemical inhibitors showed only quercetin (a CYP2C8 inhibitor) and ketoconazole (a CYP3A4/5 inhibitor) inhibited the DCQ formation. In addition, the DCQ formation significantly correlated with the CYP3A4/5-catalyzed midazolam 1-hydroxylation (r=0.868) and CYP2C8-catalyzed paclitaxel 6$\alpha$-hydroxylation (r = 0.900). In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that CYP2C8 and CYP3A4/5 are the major enzymes responsible for the chloroquine N-deethylation to DCQ in human liver microsomes.

Keywords

References

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