강원도 영월 화병 지역의 전기 오르도비스기 문곡층의 필석 생물층서

Graptolite Biostratigraphy of the Mungok Formation (Early Ordovician) in the Hwabyung Area, Yeongwol, Korea

  • 김택자 (한국교원대학교 지구과학교육과) ;
  • 진영필 (한국교원대학교 지구과학교육과) ;
  • 김정률 (한국교원대학교 지구과학교육과)
  • Kim, Teak-Ja (Department of Earth Science Education, Korea National University of Education) ;
  • Jin, Young-Pil (Department of Earth Science Education, Korea National University of Education) ;
  • Kim, Jeong-Yul (Department of Earth Science Education, Korea National University of Education)
  • 발행 : 2003.12.31

초록

강원도 영월 화병 지역의 문곡층 상부에서 4속 5종의 필석 화석을 Dendrograptus sp., Callograptus curvithecalis Mu 1955, Adelograptus tenellus Linnarsson, 1871, Adelograptus sp. 그리고 Psigraptus jacksoni Rickards and Stait, 1984로 분류하여 기재하였다. 이들의 대부분은 한국에서 두 번째 보고되는 것이며 특히, Psigraptus는 캐나다 유콘(Yukon), 오스트레일리아의 빅토리아(Vctoria)와 태스메니아(Tasmania), 중국의 질린과(Jilin) 허베이(Hebei)에 이어 세계에서 6번째 보고이다. 문곡층 상부에서 산출된 화석에 의해 Adelograptus대, Callograptus-Dendrograptus대 및 Psigraptus대로 세 개의 필석 생물대가 인지된다. 이들 필석 생물대는 오스트레일리아 란스필드 지역에 분포하는 란스 필드층(Lancefield Formation)의 La 1.5대와 캐나다 유콘 지역의 로드리버층 (Road River Formation)의 Psigraptus대 및 북중국 질린 지역의 엘리층(Yehli Formation)의 Psigraptus대와 대비된다. 화병 지역에 분포한 문곡층 상부에서 산출되는 필석 화석은 이 층의 상부가 후기 트레마독(Tremadoc)의 초기임을 지시한다.

Five species of graptolites belonging to four genera were described from the upper part of the Mungok Formation in the Hwabyung area of Yeongwol, Korea. They are Dendrograptus sp., Callograptus curvithecalis Mu 1955, Adeiograptus tenellus Linnarsson, 1871, Adelograptus sp., and Psigraptus jacksoni Rickards and Stait, 1984. Most of them are reported for the second time in Korea, and the occurrence of Psigraptus is the sixth time ever in the world, following the Yukon Territory of Canada, the Vctoria and Tasmania areas of Australia, and the Jilin and Hebei areas of China. Based on the graptolites, three biozones were recognized from the upper part of the Mungok Formation in the Hwabyung area: the Adelograptus Zone, the Callograptus-Dend개graptus Zone, and the Psigraptus Zone, in ascending order. These graptolite zones are correlated with the La 1.5 Zone (Psigraptus and Clonograptus Zone or Assemblage 3) of Vctoria, Australia, the Psigraptus Zone of the Road River Formation in Yukon, Canada, and the Psigraptus Zone of the Yehli Formation of Hunjiang, Jilin, nonh China. Therefore, according to the graptolites and their biozones, the age of the upper part of the Mungok Formation is assigned to be early Late Tremadoc.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Boucek, B., 1956, Graptolitova a dendroidova fauna kiabavskych bridlic [dP] z rokycanske Strane, Sbor. Ustr, Ust. geol., Odd. Paleont., 22, 123-227
  2. Bronn, H.G., 1846, Index Palaeontologicus. Stuttgart, 149 p
  3. Bulman, O.M.B., 1941, Some dichograptids of the Tremadocian and Lower Ordovician. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 11 (7), 100-121
  4. Bulman, O.M.B., 1950, Graptolites from the Dictyonema Shales of Quebec. Quaterly Journal of the Geological Society, London, 106, 63-99. with pls. 4-8 https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.JGS.1950.106.01-04.05
  5. Bulman, O.M.B., 1970, Graptolithina. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part V, Graptolithina with sections on Enteropneusta and Pterobranchia, 2nd ed., The Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, xxxii+V 163
  6. Chapman, A.J., Durman, P.N. and Rickards, R.B., 1996, A provisional classification of the gmptolite Order Dendroidea. Palaontological Zoology, 70, 1/2, 189-202
  7. Choi, Y.S., Kim, J.C., and Lee, Y.L., 1993, Subtidal, flatpebble conglomerates from the Early Ordovician Mungok Formation, Korea: Origin and depositional process. Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, 29 (1), 15-29
  8. Cooper, R.A., 1979, Sequence and correlation of Tremadoc graptolite assemblages. Alcheringa, 3, 7-19 https://doi.org/10.1080/03115517908565436
  9. Cooper, R.A., 1999, Ecostratigraphy, zonation and global correlation of earliest planktic graptolites. Lethaia, 32, 1-16 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3931.1999.tb00576.x
  10. Cooper, R.A. and Stewart, I., 1979, The Tremadoc gmptolite sequence of Lancefield, Victoria. Palaeontology, 22 (4), 767-797
  11. Cluzel, D., 1992, Formation and tectonic evoludon of early Mesozoic intermontane basins in the Ogcheon belt (South Korea): a reappraisal of the Jurassic 'Daebo orogeny'. Journal of Southeast Asian Eaith Science., 7, 223-235 https://doi.org/10.1016/0743-9547(92)90002-S
  12. Cluzel, D., Cadet, J.P., and Lapierre, H., 1990, Geodynam-ics of the Ogcheon belt (South Korea). Tectonophysics, 183, 41-56 https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(90)90187-D
  13. Cluzel, D., Jolivet, L., and Cadet, J.R., 1991, Early Middle Paleazoic intraplate orogeny in the Ogcheon belt (South Korea): A new insight on the Paleozoic buildup of East Asia. Tectonics, 10, 1130-1151 https://doi.org/10.1029/91TC00866
  14. Erdtmann, B.D., 1982, A reorganization and proposed phylogenetic classification of planktic Tremadoc (early Ordovician) dendroid graptolites. Norsk Geologisk Tidssrkft, 62, 121-144
  15. Fortey, R.A. and Cooper R.A., 1986, A phylogenetic classiScation of the graptoloids. Palaeontology, 29 (4), 631- 653
  16. Hall, J., 1858, Descriptions of Canadian graptolites. Geological Survey of Canada, Report for 1857, 111-145
  17. Hall, J., 1862. Contributions to the palaeontology of New York, results of investigadons made during 1895 and 1860. Albany
  18. Hall, J., 1865, Graptolites of the Quebec Group. Geological Survey of Canada, Canadian organic remains. Decade 2, 1-151
  19. Jackson, D.E., 1967, Psigraptus, a new genus from the Tremadoc of Yukon, Canada. Geological Magazine, 104, 311-315 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800048895
  20. Jackson, D.E., 1974, Tremadoc graptolites from Yukon terlitory, Canada. In Rickards R.B, Jackson, D.E. and Hughes, C.P. (eds.), Graptolite studies in Honour of O. M. Bulman. Special Paper in Palaeontology, 13, 35-58, pl. 5
  21. Jin, Y.P., 2002, Biostratigraphy and paleontology of the Early Ordovician graptolites from the Mungok Formation, Yeongwol, Korea. Ph. D. thesis, Korea National University of Education, 172 p
  22. Kim, D.H., 1999, Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Lower Ordovician Mungok Formation, Yeongweol, Korea. Ph. D. thesis, Seoul National University, Seoul, 263 p
  23. Kim, D.H. and Choi, D.K., 2000, Lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of the Mungok Formation (Lower Ordovician), Yongwol, Korea. Geosciences Journal, 4 (4), 301-311 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02914039
  24. Kim, J..Y, Hwang, K.S. and Park. S.L., 1994, Trace fossils and storm-influenced deposits of the Mungok Formation (Early Ordovician), Yeongweol, Korea. The Journal of the Korean Earth Science Society, 15 (2), 115- 125
  25. Kobayashi, T., 1934, The Cambro-Ordovician formations and faunas of South Chosen. Part 2, Palaeontology, Lower Ordovician Faunas. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Section II, v. 3, 521-585
  26. Kobayashi, T., 1960, The Cambro-Ordovician Formations and faunas of South Chosen. Part VII, Palaeontology, 6, Supplement to the Cambrian faunas of the Tsuibon zone wilh notes on some trilobite genera and families. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Section II, v. 12, Pait 2, 329-410. pls. XLK-XXI
  27. Kobayashi, T., 1966, The Cambro-Ordovician Formations and faunas of South Chosen. Part X, Stratigraphy of the Chosen Group of Korea and South Manchuria and its relation to the Cambro-Ordovician Formations of Other Areas. Section A, The Chosen Group of South Korea. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Section II, v. 3, Part 1, 1-84
  28. Kobayashi, T. and Kimura, T., 1942, A discovery of a few Lower Ordovician graptolites in south Chosen with a brief note on the Qrdovician zones in eastern Asia. Japanese Journal of Geology and Geography, 18, 307-311
  29. Kraft, J., 1973, New graptolites from the Klabava Formaton of the Barrandian Ordovician: Cas. Mineral. Geology, 18, 25-30
  30. Lee, B.S. and Lee, J.D., 1999, Conodonts from the Mungog Formation (Lower Ordovician), Yeongweol. Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea, 15 (1), 21- 42
  31. Lee, J.G., 1995, Late Cambrian trilobites from the Machari Formation, Yeongweol, Korea. Ph. D. thesis, Seoul National University, 418 p
  32. Lee, J.G., Hwang, H.A., and Choi, D.K., 2000, Ontogeny of the Late Cambrian trilobite Hancrania brevilimbata Kobayashi, 1962 from the Machari Formation, Yeongweol, Korea. Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea, 16 (2), fig. 1
  33. Lin, Y.K., 1981, New materials of Graptodendroids with special reference to the classiIication of Graptodendroidea. Bulletin of the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, 3, 241-262, pls. 1-4
  34. Lin, Y.K., 1992, Lower Ordovician graptolite fauna and its sequence of the North China Region. Bulletin of the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology. Academia Sinica. 13, 1-95
  35. Linnarsson, J.G.O. 1871, Om nagra forsteningar fran Sveriges och Norges 'Pnmordialzon'. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps -Akademiens Forhandlingar 6, 789-796
  36. Maletz, J. and Erdtmann, B.D., 1987, Adelograptus tenellus (Linnasson, 1871): Its astogenetic development and its stratigraphical and palaeogeographical distribution. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 35, 179-190
  37. Miller, S.A., 1889. North American geology and palaeontology. Western Methodist Book concern, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1-664
  38. Moon, J.W. and Martin, A.J., 1994, Trace fossils and ichnofacies of the Lower Ordovician Mungok Fromation, Yeongweol, Kangweondo, Korea. Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, 30 (4), 343-354
  39. Mu, A.T., 1955, The new materials of the dendroid graptolites of China. In Lee, J.S., Young, C.C., Sze, S.C., Sun, Y.C., Yin, T.S., Yu, C.C. and Chen, H. (eds.), Palaeontologia Sinica, Whole Number 138, New Series B, No. 5. 33-62, pls. I-X
  40. Mu, A.T., 1974, Evolution, classification and distribution of Graptoloidea and Graptodendroids. Scientia Sinica, 17, 227-238
  41. Nicholson, H.A., 1872, Monograph of British Grpatolites. Blackwood and Sons, Edinbrugh and London, 133 p
  42. Paik, I.S. and Lee, Y.I., 1989, Storm deposits of the Lower Ordovician Mungok Formation in the vicinity of Machari, Yeongweol, Kangweondo, Korea. Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, 25 (3), 337-346
  43. Paik, I.S., Woo, K.S. and Cheong, G.S., 1991, Stiatigraphic, sedimentologic and paleontologic investigation of the Paleozoic sedimentary rocks in Yeongweol and Gabsan areas: Depositional environments of the Lower Ordovician Mungok Formation in the vicinity of Yeongweol. Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, 27 (4), 357-370
  44. Park, K.H., Choi, D.K. and Kim, J.H., 1994, The Mungok Formation (Lower Ordovician) in the northern part of Yeongweol area: Lithostratigraphic subdivision and trilobite fauna assemblages. Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, 30 (2), 168-181
  45. Prout, H.G., 1851, Description of a new graptolite fauna in the Lower Silurian rocks near the Falls of the St. croix River. American Journal of Science, Series 2, 11, 187- 191
  46. Rickards, R.B., Baillie, P.W., and Jago, J.B., 1990, An Upper Cambrian dendroid assemblage from near Smithton, northwestern Tasmania. Alcheringa 14, 207-232 https://doi.org/10.1080/03115519008619056
  47. Rickards, R.B., Partridge, P.L., and Bank, M.R., 1991, Psigraptus jacksoni Rickards and Stait-systematics, reconstruction, distribution and preservation. Alcheringa, 15, 243-254 https://doi.org/10.1080/03115519108619022
  48. Rickards, R.B. and Stait, B.A., 1984, Psigraptus, its classification, evolution and zooid. Alcheringa, 8, 101-111 https://doi.org/10.1080/03115518408618936
  49. Roemer, F., 1897, Lethaea geognostica; Teil 1, Lethaea palaeozoica, 1. Bd., Graptolithiden: (Lief. 1-2 by Roemer, F.; Lief. 3 continued by Frech, F.), 544-684
  50. Ruedemann, R., 1947, Graptolites of North America. Geological Society of America Memoir, 19, 1-652 https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM19-p1
  51. Shimizu, S. and Obata, T., 1935, Graptolites in Chikunsan Formation in Kogendo, Chosen and their age. Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, 42, 345-346. (in Japanese)
  52. Shiraki, T., 1922, Geology of Sanchoku District, Korea. M.S. thesis, Imperial University of Tokyo
  53. Stubblefield, C.J. and Bulman, O.M.B., 1927, On the Shineton Shales of the Wrekin district. Quarterly Journal of Geological Society of London, 83, 96-146 https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.JGS.1927.083.01-05.05
  54. Vandenberg, A.H.M. and Cooper, R.A., 1992, The Ordovician graptolite sequence of Australia. Alcheiinga, 16, 33-65 https://doi.org/10.1080/03115519208619032
  55. Wang, X. and Chen, X., 1996, Astogeny, evolution and classification of Psigraptids-a critical review. In Wang, H. and Wang, X. (eds.), Centennial Memorial Volume of Prof. Sun Yunzhu; Palaeontology and Stradgraphy, China University of Geosciences Press. 98-103
  56. Wang, X. and Erdtmann, B.D., 1986, The earlist Oidovician graptolite sequence of Hunjiang, Jilin Province, China. Acta Geologica Sinica, 60 (3), 13-27
  57. Wang, X. and Erdtmann, B.D., 1987, Zonation and correlation of the earliest Ordovician graptolites from the Hunjang, Jinlin Province, China. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 35, 245-257
  58. Williams S.H. and Stevens, R.K., 1991, Late Tremadoc graptolites from western Newfoundland. The Palaeonto logical Associaton, 34, 1-47
  59. Won, M.Z. and Lee, H.Y., 1977, Age and biostratigraphy of the Mungok (Samtaesan) Formation by means of the conodont fauna. Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, 13, 97-107
  60. Woo, K.S., Chung, K.S. and Paik, I.S., 1990, Diagenetic histories of the Lower Ordovician Mungok Formation near Machari area, Yeongweol, Kangweondo, Korea: Textrual results. Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, 26 (4), 350-357
  61. Yosimura, L., 1940, Geology of the Neietsy (Yeongweol) disthct, Kogendo (Kangweondo), Chosen. Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, 47, 113-122
  62. Zhao, X. and Zhang, S., 1985, Reclined graptolites in the Xinchangian. Journal of Changchun College of Geology, 40 (2), 13-26. pls. 1-4
  63. Zhao, X., Lin, Y. and Zhang, S., 1988, Xinchangian (Early Ordovician) graptolite sequence in Hunjang area of Jinlin with comments on Cambrian-Ordovician boundary. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 27 (2), 188-204