미생물 첨가에 의한 소규모 정체식 퇴비화

Composting of Small Scale Static Pile by addition of Microorganism

본 연구는 소규모의 축사에서 발생하는 축분을 합리적으로 처리하기 위해 소규모 정체식 퇴비화의 적용 가능성을 검토하였다. 이 때 미생물을 첨가하여 퇴비화에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 처리구는 무처리의 대조구, 일반 Bacteria와 Lactobacillus을 처리한 BL구, BL구에 Photo.를 첨가한 BLP구 등 3개를 두었으며, 별도의 퇴비화 장치 없이 퇴적시킨 후 간헐적인 뒤집기를 실시하였다. 원료의 수분함량은 60% 정도였으며, 우분, 왕겨, 톱밥이 혼합되었다. 퇴비화 과정 중 온도는 3일 이내에 $60^{\circ}C$이상 상승하였으며, BLP와 BL구에서 Control구에 비해 초기 온도상승에 우세하였다. 원료의 초기 pH가 높아 퇴비화 과정중 pH 변화는 모든 처리구에서 크지 않았으며, 약알카리성에 머물렀다. EC는 뇨와 분의 계속적인 배출로 축적되어 초기에 높은 값을 보였으며, 퇴비화 과정중 5~10%의 상승을 보였다. C/N율의 감소는 BLP구에서 가장 높은 22.7%를 보였으며, BL과 Control구에서는 각각 19.2와 17.5%의 감소를 보였다. 식물독성평가에서는 BLP가 가장 짧은 시간에 안정되었으며, BL구와 Control구의 차이는 없었다. 소규모 축사농가에서 발생하는 축분의 처리는 적절한 뒤집기와 수분함량을 갖춘 소규모 정체식 퇴비화에 의해 가능하며, 미생물의 첨가는 초기 온도상승과 식물독성물질의 감소에 긍정적이었으나, 부숙도에 큰 영향은 미치지 못하였다.

This study was conducted to survey the utilization possibility of composting system of small scale static pile with animal manure produced from cattle shed and the effect of addition of microorganism on the maturity of compost. Microorganisms added in composting substrate were bacteria+lactobacillus(BL)+photo.(BLP). The composting practiced was a windrow system without aeration equipment and turning was practiced periodically. The water content of substrate mixed with cow manure, rice husk, and sawdust was about 60%. The temperature during the composting process was increased at over $60^{\circ}C$ within 3 days after composting starting. Increase of temperature at the early stage of composting was fasten in BLP and BL than Control. Because the pH of the raw material was high, the changes of pH during composting was little and stabilized in weak alkaline condition. EC value was high for accumulation of manure and urine excreted continuously by animal and the changes of those during composting occurred in 5~10% increase. Reduction rates of C/N ratio were the largest as the 22.7% in BLP and 19.2and 17.5% in BL and Control respectively. In the evaluation of phytotoxicity, there was stabilized within the short time in BLP and not the difference between BL and Control. Treatment of animal manure produced from small scale cattle shed was possible by using the small scale static pile composting system with reasonable water content and turning and the addition of microorganism in composting substrate was effected on the temperature increase at the early stage of composting and reduction of plant toxicity compounds but little on the maturity of compost.