Changes in Microbial Counts, Enzyme Activity and Quality of Foxtail Millet Takju Treated with High Hydrostatic Pressure during Storage

초고압 처리한 좁쌀탁주의 저장 중 미생물수, 효소활성 및 품질변화

  • Lim, Sang-Bin (Department of Food Science and Engineering, Cheju National University) ;
  • Jwa, Mi-Kyung (Department of Food Science and Engineering, Cheju National University) ;
  • Mok, Chul-Kyoon (Division of Biotechnology, Kyungwon University) ;
  • Park, Young-Seo (Division of Biotechnology, Kyungwon University) ;
  • Woo, Gun-Jo (Division of Food Microbiology, Korea Food and Drug Administration)
  • 임상빈 (제주대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 좌미경 (제주대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 목철균 (경원대학교 생명공학부) ;
  • 박영서 (경원대학교 생명공학부) ;
  • 우건조 (식품의약품안전청 식품미생물과)
  • Published : 2004.04.30

Abstract

Foxtail Millet Takju was treated with heat ($65^{\circ}C/30\;min$) (HT) or high hydrostatic pressure ($27^{\circ}C/400\;MPa/10\;min$) (PT), and changes in microbial count, enzyme activity, and quality were determined during 30-day storage at 10 and $25^{\circ}C$. Total viable cellcount remained constant, while lactic acid bacteria and yeast were not detected in HT and PT Takjus. Relative activities of ${\alpha}-amylase$ in PT Takju significantly increased by 169.7% at 3 days storage, then decreased to 137.7 and 68.7% at 10 and $25^{\circ}C$, respectively, at 30 days. Relative activities of glucoamylase in HT Takju showed reversible change, and were 36.5 and 54.3% at $10\;and\;25^{\circ}C$, respectively, at 30 days storage. Activities in PT Takju increased with storage period, 158.2% at 30 days storage at $10^{\circ}C$. Titratable acidity in untreated Takju increased, while those in HT and PT Takjus remained almost constant during 30 days storage. Reducing sugar content in untreated Takju showed no change, while that in HT Takju increased gradually, reaching 2.9% at 30 days, whereas that in PT increased sharply after 3 days, reaching 4.8% at 30 days. Sensory evaluation showed sourness and bitterness were low, and sweetness and overall acceptance were high in PT Takju after 30 days storage at $10^{\circ}C$.

좁쌀탁주를 열($65^{\circ}C$/30분) 또는 초고압($27^{\circ}C/400\;Mpa/10$분)으로 처리한 후 $10^{\circ}C$$25^{\circ}C$에서 저장기간에 따른 미생물수, 효소활성 및 품질변화를 측정하였다. 열 또는 초고압처리구의 일반세균수는 모든 저장온도에서 저장기간에 따라 큰 변화가 없었으며, 젖산균과 효모는 완전히 사멸된 후 저장 30일 동안 검출되지 않았다. ${\alpha}-Amylase$의 상대활성은 초고압처리구에서 $10^{\circ}C$에서 저장 3일에 169.7%로 급격히 증가하였다가 저장 30일에 137.7%로 감소하였으며, $25^{\circ}C$에서는 저장 30일에 68.7%로 저장기간에 따라 서서히 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 열처리구는 저장기간 동안 거의 변화 없이 낮은 활성을 유지하였다. 열처리구의 glucoamylase 상대활성은 $10^{\circ}C$$25^{\circ}C$에서 가역적인 변화를 나타내어 저장 30일에 각각 36.5%와 54.3%이었지만, 초고압처리구는 $10^{\circ}C$에서 저장기간에 따라 활성이 증가하여 저장 30일에 158.2%이었다. 무처리구의 적정산도는 저장기간 동안 증가한 반면, 열 또는 초고압처리구는 변화가 거의 없었다. $10^{\circ}C$에서 저장기간 중 무처리구의 환원당 함량은 거의 변화가 없는 반면, 열처리구는 저장기간 중 계속적으로 증가하여 저장 30일에는 2.9%이었고, 초고압처리구는 저장 3일 후부터 급격히 증가하는 현상을 보였으며 저장 30일에는 4.8%이었다. 관능검사 결과 $10^{\circ}C$에서 30일 저장한 초고압처리구가 신맛과 쓴맛이 적고 단맛과 종합적인 기호도가 높아 가장 우수한 품질을 나타내었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Lee KB, Kim JH. Studies on radiation preservation of fermented Korean rice-wine. Korean J. Microbiol. 7: 45-56 (1969)
  2. Mok CK, Lee JY, Chang HG. Quality changes of non-sterilized Yakju during storage and its shelf-life estimation. Food Eng. Prog. 1: 192-197 (1997)
  3. Lee CH, Tae WT, Kim, GM, Lee HD. Studies on the pasteurization conditions of Takju. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 23: 44-51 (1991)
  4. Lee ZS, Rhee TW. Studies on the microflora of Takju brewing. Korean J. Microbiol. 8: 116-133 (1970)
  5. Lee CH, Lee HD, Kim JY, Kim KM. Sensory quality attributes of Takju and their changes during pasteurization. Korean J. Diet. Cult. 4: 405-410 (1989)
  6. Bae SM, Kim HJ, Oh TK, Kho YH. Preservation of Takju by pasteurization. Korean J. Appl. Microbiol. Biotech. 18: 322-325 (1990)
  7. Mok CK, Lee JY, Chang HG. Optimization of heat sterilization condition for Yakju. Food Eng. Prog. 2: 137-143 (1998)
  8. Lee DU, Park J, Kang JI, Yeo IH. Effect of high pressure on the shelf-life and sensory characteristics of angelica keiskei juice. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 28: 105-108 (1996)
  9. Park JM, Oh HI. Changes in microflora and enzyme activities of traditional Kochujang meju during fermentation. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 27: 56-62 (1995)
  10. Hong SW, Hah YC, Yoon KS. On the changes of amylase activity and saccharifying ability in Takjoo mashes during the process of brewing. Korean J. Microbiol. 6: 141-146 (1968)
  11. Miller GL. Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar. Anal. Chem. 31: 426-428 (1959) https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60147a030
  12. Kang MY, Park YS, Mok CK, Chang HG. Improvement of shelf-life of Yakju by membrane filtration. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 30: 1134-1139 (1998)
  13. Stone H, Sidel JL. Sensory Evaluation Practices. 2nd ed. Academic Press. New York, NY, USA. pp. 84-87 (1993)
  14. SAS Institute Inc. SAS User's Guide. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute, Cary, NC, USA (1996)
  15. Weemaes C, De Cordt S, Goossens K, Ludikhuyze L, Hendrickx M, Herenans K, Tobback P. High pressure, thermal, and combined pressure-temperature stabilities of $\alpha$-amylases from Bacillus Species. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 50: 49-56 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(19960405)50:1<49::AID-BIT6>3.0.CO;2-1
  16. Laidler KJ, Bunting PS. General kinetic principles. pp. 35-67. In: The Chemical Kinetics of Enzymic Action. Leidler KJ (ed). Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK (1973)
  17. Tanaka T, Hatanaka K. Application of hydrostatic pressure to yoghurt to prevent its after-acidfication. Nippon Shokuhin Kogyo Gakkaishi 39: 173-177 (1992) https://doi.org/10.3136/nskkk1962.39.173
  18. Hara A, Nagahama G, Ohbayashi A, Hayashi R. Effects of high pressure on inactivation of enzymes and microorganisms in nonpasteurized rice wine. J. Agric. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 64: 1025-1030 (1990)