Properties of Nonwaxy Rice Flours with Different Soaking Time and Particle Sizes

수침시간과 입자크기가 다른 멥쌀가루의 특성

  • Lee, Mi-Kyung (Department of Food and Nutrition, Kwangju Health college) ;
  • Kim, Jeong-Ok (Department of Food and Nutrition, HERI, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Shin, Mal-Shick (Department of Food and Nutrition, HERI, Chonnam National University)
  • 이미경 (광주보건대학 식품영양과) ;
  • 김정옥 (전남대학교 식품영양학과 및 생활과학연구소) ;
  • 신말식 (전남대학교 식품영양학과 및 생활과학연구소)
  • Published : 2004.04.30

Abstract

Effects of soaking time and particle size on physicochemical properties of nonwaxy rice flour were investigated. Nonwaxy rice grains were soaked at $4^{\circ}C$ for 0, 1, 12, and 24 hr, dried at room temperature, and milled, Resulting flours were passed through 45-mesh ($<355{\mu}m,\;IL45$) and 100-mesh ($<150{\mu}m\;IL100$) sieves and separated into $<40{\mu}m\;and\;40-100{\mu}m$ series. IL45 series showed higher amount of large particles ($40-100{\mu}m$) than IL100 series. As the soaking time increased, protein and ash contents decreased, and amylose content, water-binding capacity, swelling power, and solubity of nonwaxy rice flours increased. Swelling power and solibility of nonwaxy rice flours also increased between $65-85^{\circ}C$. Water-binding capacity, swelling power, and solubility of IL100 series were higher than those of IL45 series. 12 hr-soaked nonwaxy rice flour pastes showed higher peak viscosity and breakdown but lower setback and visicosity at $95\;and\;50^{\circ}C$ than 1 hr-soaked ones. X-Ray diffractograms of nonwaxy rice flours were not affected, whereas surface appearance was affected, by soaking time and particle size.

멥쌀을 $4^{\circ}C$에서 수침시간을 달리하여 수침하고 건조, 분쇄하여 각각 표준 45 mesh와 100 mesh제를 통과시켜 IL45($<355{\mu}m$)와 IL100($<150{\mu}m$)을 제조하여 일반성분과 이화학적 성질을 조사하였다. 멥쌀을 $4^{\circ}C$에서 24시간 동안 수침하였을 때, 수침 0.5시간까지는 급속히 수분이 흡수되었으며 수침 3시간 이후에는 평형에 도달하였다. IL45와 IL100 모두 $<40{\mu}m$$40-100{\mu}m$의 두 가지 크기의 쌀가루 입자가 존재하였다. IL45에 비하여 IL100의 입자 크기가 더 작았으며 수침시간이 증가할 수록 크기가 작은 입자의 양이 약간 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 시료의 단백질과 회분함량은 수침시간이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 아밀로오스 함량은 수침시간이 길어질수록 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 입자의 크기에 따른 차이는 없었다. 멥쌀가루의 물결합 능력은 수침시간이 증가할수록, 입자의 크기가 작을수록 증가하였다. 팽윤력과 용해도는 $65^{\circ}C$ 이후에 급격히 증가하여 $85^{\circ}C$부터는 완만한 증가를 보였으며, 수침시간이 길어지고 입자의 크기가 작을수록 증가하였다. 신속점도측정기에 의한 최고점도와 breakdown 값은 12시간 동안 수침한 쌀가루가 1시간 동안 수침한 쌀가루보다 높았으며, $95^{\circ}C$에서의 점도, 냉각점도와 setback 값은 낮았다. X선 회절도 결과 모든 시료가 전형적인 A-형이었으며 입자크기와 수침시간에 따른 차이가 없었다. SEM으로 배율을 달리하여 멥쌀가루의 입자와 입자표면을 관찰하였을 때, IL45보다 IL100에서 작은 입자가 더 많이 관찰되었고 수침시간이 길어질수록 표면에 결합된 전분입자의 수가 감소하였다. 또한 쌀가루 입자 표면에 작은 균열들이 관찰되었고 표면에 변화가 나타나는 전분입자의 수가 증가하였다. 이상의 결과에서 쌀의 수침 중 수분 흡수량이 평형에 도달한 이후에도 쌀 입자표면의 변화나 전분의 구조적 변화가 진행되어 쌀가루의 이화학적 성질에 영향을 주게 되므로 쌀 가공식품을 제조하기 위하여 쌀을 수침하였을 때 수분 흡수량보다는 수침시간과 온도 조절이 더 중요한 것으로 생각되었다.

Keywords

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