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Distribution and Favorable Conditions for Mycelial Growth of Cordyceps pruinosa in Korea

한국에 자생하는 붉은자루동충하초(Cordyceps pruinosa)의 분포와 균사생장에 적합한 조건

  • Shin, Jae-Chul (Department of Applied Biology, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Shrestha, Bhushan (Department of Applied Biology, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Lee, Won-Ho (Department of Applied Biology, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Park, Young-Jin (Department of Applied Biology, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kim, Soo-Young (Department of Applied Biology, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Jeong, Gwang-Ryel (Department of Applied Biology, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kim, Ho-Kyung (Mushtech Co. Ltd.) ;
  • Kim, Tae-Woong (Division of Life Science, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Sung, Jae-Mo (Department of Applied Biology, Kangwon National University)
  • Published : 2004.12.30

Abstract

Cordyceps pruinosa grows upon dead pupae of Lepidoptera and produces one or $3{\sim}4$ club-shaped stromata per host. The stromata have distinct club-shaped head and long stalk. The length of stromata varies from $1{\sim}3\;cm$. Apical head consists of densely crowded semi-immersed perithecia, which are $360{\sim}400\;{\times}\;180{\sim}200\;{\mu}m$ in size. Asci are $150\;{\mu}m$ in length and $2.8{\sim}3\;{\mu}m$ in diameter. Ascospores, which are $124{\sim}141\;{\mu}m$ in length, have thin thread-like structures in the middle with part-spores attached on both sides. Each ascospore does not separate into part-spores after dispersal, but each part-spore germinates and together develops a colony. The imperfect form produces phialides of $15{\sim}24\;{\times}\;2{\sim}3\;{\mu}m$ size, with spherical or spindle shaped conidia of $4{\sim}6\;{\times}\;1.8{\sim}2.4\;{\mu}m$ size, The anamorph was identified as Mariannaea elegans Samson. YMA and SDAY agar media with pH 7 was produced abundant mycelial growth with high density. Best mycelial growth was observed when dextrin was used as a carbon source. Lactose, saccharose and sucrose also produced high mycelial growth. Peptone, yeast extract and tryptone produced abundant mycelial growth, when used as nitrogen sources. Highest mycelial growth and density was observed when C/N ratio was 1 : 1 at the concentration of 12.5 g/l each. $KH_2PO_4$ was the best mineral source for mycelial growth. Highest mycelial dry wt. was produced in YM and SDAY broths. Optimum inoculum for 100 ml of liquid broth was 6 mycelial discs. Similarly, optimum liquid culture period was 7 days.

붉은자루동충하초는 땅속의 죽은 풀쐐기 원형 번데기를 기주로 하여 1개 또는 $3{\sim}4$개의 곤봉형 자좌를 형성한다. 붉은색을 띠는 자좌는 머리와 자루의 경계가 명확하며 머리는 곤봉형이다. 크기는 $1{\sim}3\;cm$의 크기로 반묻힌형의 자낭각이 조밀하게 분포하며. 자낭각의 크기는 $360{\sim}400{\times}180{\sim}200\;{\mu}m$이다. 자낭은 $150\;{\mu}m$의 크기를 가지며, 둘레는 $2.8{\sim}3.5\;{\mu}m$이다. 중앙에 실모양의 끈으로 연결되어 있는 양끝에 자낭포자를 형성하며, 크기는 $124{\sim}141\;{\mu}m$의 크기를 가진다. 자낭포자는 2차 포자로 분열하지 않으며, 자낭포자의 각 세포들이 직접 발아하여 균사로 된다. 불완전세대는 Mariannaea속으로 분생자경의 4개${\sim}$5개의 파일라이드를 가졌고 크기가 $15{\sim}24{\times}2{\sim}3\;{\mu}m$이며 분생포자가 둥근 방추형이며 크기가 $4{\sim}6{\times}1.8{\sim}2.4{\mu}m$인 것으로 보아 Mariannaea elegans Samson으로 동정하였다. 균사의 생장은 YMA와 SDAY에 pH 7로 맞추고 $25^{\circ}C$로 배양하면 균사의 생장도 좋았고 균총의 밀도도 높았다. 탄소원은 Dextrin에서 가장 좋은 균사 생장과 균체량이 많았으며 다음으로 Lactose, Saccharose와 sucrose에서 균사 성장이 좋았으며 질소원은 peptone, yeast extract, trypeptone에서 균사 생장과 액체배지의 균사량도 많았다. C/N비는 1:1의 비율에서 균사의 생장과 밀도가 양호하였으며 적정량은 12.5 g/1에서 균사의 생장과 밀도가 양호하였다. 무기염류에서는 $KH_2PO_4$가 다른 무기염류에 비해 좋게 나타났다. 붉은자루동충하초의 대량 배양을 위하여 액체배지로는 YMA와 SDAY 배지에서 가장 많은 건조 균체량을 얻을 수 있었으며, 이 배지에 6개의 절편을 넣고 7일간 배양하면 많은 건조 균체량를 얻을 수 있었다.

Keywords

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