Analysis of the Causes of Subfrontal Recurrence in Medulloblastoma and Its Salvage Treatment

수모세포종의 방사선치료 후 전두엽하방 재발된 환자에서 원인 분석 및 구제 치료

  • Cho Jae Ho (Departments of Yonsei Cancer Center, Radiation Oncology Yonsel University College of Medicine) ;
  • Koom Woong Sub (Departments of Yonsei Cancer Center, Radiation Oncology Yonsel University College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee Chang Geol (Departments of Yonsei Cancer Center, Radiation Oncology Yonsel University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim Kyoung Ju (Departments of Yonsei Cancer Center, Radiation Oncology Yonsel University College of Medicine) ;
  • Shim Su Jung (Departments of Yonsei Cancer Center, Radiation Oncology Yonsel University College of Medicine) ;
  • Bak Jino (Departments of Yonsei Cancer Center, Radiation Oncology Yonsel University College of Medicine) ;
  • Jeong Kyoungkeun (Departments of Yonsei Cancer Center, Radiation Oncology Yonsel University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim Tae_Gon (Departments of Neurosurgery, Yonsel University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim Dong Seok (Departments of Neurosurgery, Yonsel University College of Medicine) ;
  • Choi oong-Uhn (Departments of Neurosurgery, Yonsel University College of Medicine) ;
  • Suh Chang Ok (Departments of Yonsei Cancer Center, Radiation Oncology Yonsel University College of Medicine)
  • 조재호 (연세대학교 의과대학, 연세암센터, 방사선종양학교실) ;
  • 금웅섭 (연세대학교 의과대학, 연세암센터, 방사선종양학교실) ;
  • 이창걸 (연세대학교 의과대학, 연세암센터, 방사선종양학교실) ;
  • 김경주 (연세대학교 의과대학, 연세암센터, 방사선종양학교실) ;
  • 심수정 (연세대학교 의과대학, 연세암센터, 방사선종양학교실) ;
  • 박진호 (연세대학교 의과대학, 연세암센터, 방사선종양학교실) ;
  • 정경근 (연세대학교 의과대학, 연세암센터, 방사선종양학교실) ;
  • 김태곤 (연세대학교 의과대학, 신경외과학교실) ;
  • 김동석 (연세대학교 의과대학, 신경외과학교실) ;
  • 최중언 (연세대학교 의과대학, 신경외과학교실) ;
  • 서창옥 (연세대학교 의과대학, 연세암센터, 방사선종양학교실)
  • Published : 2004.09.01

Abstract

Purpose: Firstly, to analyze facto in terms of radiation treatment that might potentially cause subfrontal relapse in two patients who had been treated by craniospinal irradiation (CSI) for medulloblastoma, Secondly, to explore an effective salvage treatment for these relapses. Materials and Methods: Two patients who had high-risk disease (T3bMl, T3bM3) were treated with combined chemoradiotherapy CT-simulation based radiation-treatment planning (RTP) was peformed. One patient who experienced relapse at 16 months after CSI was treated with salvage surgery followed by a 30.6 Gy IMRT (intensity modulated radiotherapy). The other patient whose tumor relapsed at 12 months after CSI was treated by surgery alone for the recurrence. To investigate factors that might potentially cause subfrontal relapse, we evaluated thoroughly the charts and treatment planning process including portal films, and tried to find out a method to give help for placing blocks appropriately between subfrotal-cribrifrom plate region and both eyes. To salvage subfrontal relapse in a patient, re-irradiation was planned after subtotal tumor removal. We have decided to treat this patient with IMRT because of the proximity of critical normal tissues and large burden of re-irradiation. With seven beam directions, the prescribed mean dose to PTV was 30.6 Gy (1.8 Gy fraction) and the doses to the optic nerves and eyes were limited to 25 Gy and 10 Gy, respectively. Results: Review of radiotherapy Portals clearly indicated that the subfrontal-cribriform plate region was excluded from the therapy beam by eye blocks in both cases, resulting in cold spot within the target volume, When the whole brain was rendered in 3-D after organ drawing in each slice, it was easier to judge appropriateness of the blocks in port film. IMRT planning showed excellent dose distributions (Mean doses to PTV, right and left optic nerves, right and left eyes: 31.1 Gy, 14.7 Gy, 13.9 Gy, 6.9 Gy, and 5.5 Gy, respectively. Maximum dose to PTV: 36 Gy). The patient who received IMRT is still alive with no evidence of recurrence and any neurologic complications for 1 year. Conclusion: To prevent recurrence of medulloblastoma in subfrontal-cribriform plate region, we need to pay close attention to the placement of eye blocks during the treatment. Once subfrontal recurrence has happened, IMRT may be a good choice for re-irradiation as a salvage treatment to maximize the differences of dose distributions between the normal tissues and target volume.

목적: 두개척수조사(Craniospinal irradiation) 후 전두엽 하방에서 재발(Subfrontal recurrence) 한 수모세포종 두 예를 경험하고, 방사선치료 측면에서 재발의 원인을 분석하고자 하였으며, 효과적인 구제 치료 방법을 모색 하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 두 예 모두 고위험군(T3bMl, T3bM3) 수모세포종으로 수술, 항암화학제 및 방사선 병합요법을 시행 받았으며, CT-Simulation으로 방사선치료계획이 이루어졌다. 한 예는 방사선치료 후 16개월에 재발하여 구제수술을 시행하고, 세기조절방사선치료로 30.6 Gy의 방사선을 재조사하였다 다른 한 예는 12개월에 재발하여 구제수술만 시행하였다. 재발인자 확인을 위해 초기 방사선치료 시 사용되었던 모의치료사진을 확인하였고, 안구차폐의 과다 여부 및 가능한 원인 인자의 분석과 재발을 방지하기 위한 대안을 찾고자 하였다. 한 예에서 방사선재조사에 대한 부담과 주변 중요정상장기의 인접성 때문에 전두엽하방재발 종양에 대한 구제 치료로서 세기조절방사선치료를 계획하였으며, 표적체적에 대해서 7문 조사, 평균선량 30.6 Gy (1.8 Gy 분할, 최대선량의 85$\%$)를 처방하고, 주변 정상중요장기인 시신경은 평균선량을 25 Gy, 안구는 10 Gy로 제한하였다. 결과: 두 예 모두에서 모의치료사진상 정상장기 보호를 위한 안구차폐과다로 인한 전두엽하방 표적체적 일부에서의 저선량점을 확인할 수 있었다. CT-Simulation 상에서 automatic organ drawing 기능을 이용하여 전뇌와 안구의 외측 경계를 모의치료사진 화면에 같이 올릴 경우 차폐의 적절성을 판단하기가 더 용이하였다. 세기조절방사선치료계획 결과 표적체적에는 평균선량 31.1 Gy, 최대선량 36 Gy, 좌측 및 우측 시신경의 평균선량은 각각 13.9 Gy와 14.7 Gy, 좌우측 안구의 평균선량은 각각 5.5 Gy와 6.9 Gy로 우수한 치료계획을 획득하였다. 구제치료로 수술 및 세기변조방사선치료를 시행한 환자는 이후 방사선치료에 의한 부작용 없이 1년간 무병상태이다. 결론: 수모세포종의 전두엽하방 재발을 방지하기 위한 노력으로 두개척수조사 시 전두엽하방 및 체판 부위에 대한 각별한 주의를 기울여 차폐를 실시하여야 하겠고, 일단 재발하여 방사선재조사의 필요가 있는 경우 주변정상장기와의 방사선 선량 차이를 극대화할 수 있는 세기조절방사선치료를 통해 방사선치료 부작용의 부담을 줄일 수 있을 것으로 기대된다

Keywords

References

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