DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Varying Levels of Dietary Minerals on Growth and Nutrient Utilization in Lambs

  • Sharma, L.C. (Department of Animal Nutrition, CCS Haryana Agricultural University) ;
  • Yadav, P.S. (Department of Animal Nutrition, CCS Haryana Agricultural University) ;
  • Mandal, A.B. (Central Avian Research Institute) ;
  • Sunaria, K.R. (Regional Research Station, CCS HAU)
  • Received : 2003.05.09
  • Accepted : 2003.08.28
  • Published : 2004.01.01

Abstract

Hisardale male lambs (n=24, 4-5 month of age) were maintained on a conventional ration for a month, to equilibrate the body mineral status. Six lambs were sacrificed after one month of feeding; the samples of organs were analyzed to ascertain mineral status. The remaining 18 lambs were divided into 3 groups of 6 each on body weight basis. Three dietary treatments containing 100 ($T_1$), 110 ($T_2$) and 120% ($T_3$) of minerals (Ca, P, S, Zn and Mn) as specified by NRC (1985) were formulated and each treatment was alloted ad libitum to a group for 120 days. Blood and wool samples were collected at monthly intervals. At the end of the experiment a balance trial of 5 days duration was conducted to study the balance of mineral elements. The effective intake of minerals was Ca, 111 and 120, P, 110 and 122; S, 112 and 129; Zn, 112 and 126 and Mn, 109 and 123 percent in $T_2$ and $T_3$, respectively, in comparison to $T_1$ (100). The additional mineral supplementation had no significant effect on dry matter intake. The average daily weight gain was higher (p<0.01) in $T_2$ and $T_3$ than the control ($T_1$). The lambs under treatments $T_2$ (8.72) and $T_3$ (8.47 kg) consumed apparently lesser amount of dry matter per unit gain as compared to $T_1$ (10.81 kg). Significantly higher (p<0.05) dry matter and crude protein digestibility (%) were observed in $T_2$ and $T_3$ than in $T_1$. The mean balances for different elements were Ca, 1.14, 1.68 and 1.67 g; P, 1.70, 1.95 and 2.18 g; S, 0.54, 0.92 and 1.11 g; Zn, 22.56, 25.30 and 28.71 mg; Cu, 7.94, 5.71 and 5.53 mg; Fe, 33.19, 32.94 and 31.03 mg and Mn, 8.24, 14.40 and 16.07 mg/lamb/day. The retention of supplemental minerals increased (p<0.01) while that of Cu decreased (p<0.01) due to supplementation of minerals (Ca, P, S, Zn and Mn). Retention as per cent of intake increased statistically for S and Mn while that of Cu decreased. It can be concluded that supplementation of minerals (Ca, P, S, Zn and Mn) higher than the recommended level improved body weight gain and feed to gain ratio. The retention of minerals increased due to supplementation. Therefore, an additional supplementation of deficient minerals (Ca, P, S, Zn and Mn) by 10% was beneficial for Hisardale male lambs under tropical condition in India.

Keywords

References

  1. Alawa, J. P. 1992. Effect of supplementary phosphorus and the source of nitrogen on feed intake and growth performance of wether sheep. Bullet. Anim. Health Prod. Africa. 40:253-257.
  2. AOAC. 1975. Official methods of analysis. 12th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington DC.
  3. Bhandari, D. S., P. C. Sawhney and S. P. S. Bedi. 1974. Influence of sulfur and urea on growth and nutrient digestibility in goat kids. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 43:936-939.
  4. Bray, A. C. and J. A. Hemsley. 1969. Sulfur metabolism in sheep. IV. The effect of a varied dietary sulfur content on some body fluids, sulphate levels and on the utilization of urea supplemented roughage by sheep. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 20:759-773.
  5. Bull, L. S. and J. H. Vandersall. 1973. Sulfur source for in vitro cellulose digestion and in vitro ration utilization, nitrogen metabolism and sulfur balance. J. Dairy Sci. 56:106.
  6. Cochran, M. A., H. D. Perry, J. P. Fontenot and V. G. Allen. 1991. Nutrient utilization by sheep fed forage grown on soils treated with fluidized-bed combustion residue. J. Anim. Sci. 69:318-327.
  7. Dologova, M. S. and A. A. Ptaskin. 1986. The effect of calcitonin on phosphorus and calcium metabolism in growing lambs. Nutr. Abst. Rev. 56:369.
  8. Doyle, P. G., R. A. Love, R. H. Dunlop and C. L. White. 1992. Supplementation of young sheep with lupins plus sulfur and a complete mineral mix. Aust. J. Expt. Agric. 32:267-271.
  9. Field, A. C., R. L. Coop, R. A. Dingwall and C. S. Munro. 1982. Phosphorus requirement for growth and maintenance of sheep. J. Agric. Sci. 99:311-317.
  10. Field, A. C., J. A. Wolliams and R. A. Dingwall. 1985. The effect of dietary intake of calcium and dry matter on the absorption and excretion of calcium and phosphorus by growing lambs. J. Agric. Sci. (Cambridge). 105:237-243.
  11. Florescue, S., S. Paraschiv, C. Statov, M. Onet and E. Florea. 1987. Utilization of sulfur by sheep in relation to amount of sulfur in diet and wool production. Nutr. Abst. Rev. 57:562.
  12. Galatov, A. N. 1991. Efficiency of feed utilization for wool production in relation to breed of young rams and mineral availability in diets. Zootekhniya 5:46-47.
  13. Grace, N. D. and J. Lee. 1990. Effect of increasing iron intake on iron and copper content of tissues in grazing sheep. Proc. New Zealand Soc. Anim. Prod. 50:265-268.
  14. Grace, N. D. and J. Lee. 1992. Influence of high zinc intakes, season and staple site on the elemental composition of wool and fleece quality in grazing sheep. New Zealand J. Agric. Res. 35:367-377.
  15. Georgievskii, V. L., B. N. Annekov and V. T. Samokhin. 1981. Mineral nutrition of animals. Butterworths, London, England.
  16. Gunther, K. D., H. Mohme and A. Rukantabula. 1989. The mineral content of pasture fodders at Mp-Wapna Tanzania and the influence of Ca-P supplementation and different starch and urea levels in the diet on some metabolic parameters in sheep. Nutr. Abst. Rev. 59:706.
  17. Houtert, M., F. J. Van and R. A. Leng. 1991. A note on the effect of high level of dietary calcium, phosphorus and sodium on nutrient utilization by sheep offered a roughage based diet. Anim. Prod. 53:249-52. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003356100020201
  18. Jackson, M. L. 1973. In soil chemical analysis. Prentice Hall Indian Private Ltd., New Delhi.
  19. Johnson, W. H., R. D. Goodrich and J. C. Meiske. 1970. Appearance in the blood, plasma and excretion of 35 S from three chemical forms of sulphur by lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 31:1003.
  20. Kahlon, T. S., J. C. Meiske and R. D. Goodrich. 1975. Sulfur metabolism in ruminants. II in vitro availability of various chemical forms of sulphur. J. Anim. Sci. 41:1154-1160.
  21. Karim, S. A., A. Santra and V. K. Sharma. 2001. Milk yield, its composition and performance of Malpura ewews under protocol of grazing and supplementation. 2001. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 71:258-260.
  22. Karim, S. A. and D. L. Verma. 2001. Growth performance and carcass characteristics of finisher lambs maintained on intensive feeding or grazing with supplementation. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 71:959-961.
  23. Laflamme, D. P., W. J. Miller, M.W. Neathery, R. P. Gaitry, D. M. Blackmon, K. R. Logner and A. S. Fielding. 1985. The effect of low to normal dietary P levels on Zn metabolism and tissue distribution in calves. J. Anim. Sci. 61:525-531.
  24. Mandal, A. B., P. S. Yadav, K. R. Sunaria, V. Kapoor and N. S. Mann. 1996. Mineral status of buffaloes in Mohindergarh district of Haryana. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 66:849-851.
  25. Mandokhot, V. M., B. Vasudevan, A. B. Mandal and I. S. Yadav. 1987. Serum and wool mineral status of wool shedding manifestation in Corriedale sheep. Proceeding of the Symposium on Recent advances in mineral nutrition, Haryana agricultural university, Hisar, India, pp 33-37.
  26. Masters, D. G., D. T. Paynter, J. Briegel, S. K. Baker and D. B. Pusser. 1988. Influence of manganese intake on body, wool and testicular growth of young rams and on concentration of manganese and the activity of manganese enzyme in tissues. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 39:517-524.
  27. McDowell, R. L. 1992. Minerals in animal and human nutrition. Academic Press, INC. Harcourt brace Jovanovich, publishers, new York.
  28. Mercik, L., J. Hapanowiez, Z. Tanski and H. Tywonezule. 1994. Effect of nutrient concentration in diets containing protected protein and sodium sulfate on growth rate, body development and wool performance in ewes. Nutr. Abst. Rev. 64:126.
  29. NRC. 1985. National Research Council. Nutrient requirement of sheep. 6th edn. Washington, DC. National Academy of Sciences.
  30. Phillips, W. A. 1990. The effect of additional dietary zinc on feeder lamb performance. Sheep Res. J. 61:18-23.
  31. Prabowo, A., J. W. Spears and L. Goode. 1988. Effect of dietary iron on performance and mineral utilization in lambs fed a forage-based diet. J. Anim. Sci. 66:2028-2035.
  32. Qi, K., C. D. Lu and F. Owens. 1993. Sulphate supplementation of Angora goats: sulphur metabolism and interactions with Zn, Cu and Mo. Small Ruminats Research. 11:209-225.
  33. Reid, R. L., G. A. Jung, W. L. Stout and T. S. Ranney. 1987. Effects of varying zinc concentration on quality of alfalfa for lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 64:1735-1742.
  34. Robert, A. and J. D. Issacland Kerber. 1971. Atomic absorption and Flame phytometry: Techniques and uses in soil, plant and water analysis. International methods for analysis of soils and plant tissues. South Segol Road, Madison, Wisconsin. USA.
  35. Ryssen, J. B. T. Van. 1993. Suitability of a lime source high in manganese as a feed ingredient for sheep. South African J. Anim. Sci. 23:115-118.
  36. Samanta, A. and G. Samanta. 2002. Mineral profile of different feed and fodders and their effect on plasma profile in ruminants of West Bengal. Indian J. Anim. Nutr. 19:278-281.
  37. Santra, A., S. A. Karim and O. H. Chaturvedi. 2002. Effect of concentrate supplementation on nutrient intake and performance of lambs of two genotypes grazing a semiarid rangeland. Small Ruminant Res. 2002. 44:37-45.
  38. Schuttee, K. H. 1984. The biology of trace elements, Ist Edn. J. B. Lippincott, Col, Philadephia. 41.
  39. Sharma, L. C., P. S. Yadav, A. B. Mandal and K. R. Sunaria. 2002. Mineral Status of some Vital Organ of Lambs as Influenced by their Dietary Levels. Animal Nutrition and feed Technology. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology 2:151-160.
  40. Snedecor, G. W. and W. G. Cochran. 1967. Statistical Methods. 6th edn. Oxford and IBH pub. Co., India. Stockholm and Koch. 1923. J. Anim. Chem. Soc. 45:1953.
  41. Underwood, E. J. 1981. The mineral nutrition of livestock Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough, UK. 80.
  42. Watson, L. T., C. B. Ammerman, J. P. Feaster and C. E. Roessler. 1973. Influence of mineral intake on metabolism of manganese and other minerals in sheep. 36:131-36.
  43. Yadav, K. K. and V. M. Mandokhot. 1988. Effect of sulfur supplementation on the performance of stall-fed Nali lambs, growth responses, nutrient and minerals. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 58:843-48.

Cited by

  1. In Vitro Gas Production and Dry Matter Degradability of Diets Consumed by Goats with or Without Copper and Zinc Supplementation vol.144, pp.1-3, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-011-9113-y
  2. Rumen Gas Production Kinetics of a Total Mixed Ration vol.13, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2014.3110
  3. Effects of Dietary Copper on Ruminal Fermentation, Nutrient Digestibility and Fibre Characteristics in Cashmere Goats vol.20, pp.12, 2004, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2007.1843