DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Monosodium Glutamate and Temperature Change on the Content of Free Amino Acids in Kimchi

Monosodium Glutamate와 숙성온도 변화가 김치의 유리아미노산 함량에 미치는 영향

  • 이예경 (대구가톨릭대학교 식품산업학부) ;
  • 이명예 (대구가톨릭대학교 식품산업학부) ;
  • 김순동 (대구가톨릭대학교 식품산업학부)
  • Published : 2004.02.01

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of monosodium glutamate (MSG) and fermentation methods (C-I; fermented for 5 days at 1$0^{\circ}C$ after 2$0^{\circ}C$ fermentation for 2 days, C-II; fermented for 7 days at 1$0^{\circ}C$, M-I; kimchi with MSG fermented for 5 days at 1$0^{\circ}C$ after 2$0^{\circ}C$ fermentation for 2 days, M-II; kimchi with MSG fermented for 7 days at 1$0^{\circ}C$ on fermentation and free amino acid content. Fermentation of M-I and M-II was slightly delayed compared to C-I and C-II. Total microbe of C-I and C-IIwere lower than those of M-I and M-II, and lactic acid bacteria of C-I and C-II were lower than those of M-I and M-II respectively. The major free amino acids were alanine, asparagine, homocystine and valine in C-I, especially, glutamic acid and ornithine were high in C-II. Homocystine, alanine, asparagine and valine in M-I, glutamic acid, alanine, hydroxyproline, asparagine, homocystine, ornithine and valine were the major free amino acid in M-II, respectively. The sour taste of M-I and M-II was lower than those of C-I and C-II, respectively, and the effect of delaying fermentation at 1$0^{\circ}C$ did not showed in the C-I and M-I. The crispy taste of the M-I and M-II was higher than those of C-I and C-II, which was the opposite results of sour taste. Palatable and overall taste of M-I and M-II were higher than those of C-I and C-II, respectively These results suggest that the MSG in kimchi affect not only increment of free amino acid content but also shelf-life and taste improvement, and continuous fermentation at 1$0^{\circ}C$ also enhance the content of free amino acid and shelf-life of kimchi.

김치의 숙성 시 무첨가(C-I, C-II) 및 MSG 첨가(M-I, M-II)와 숙성 방법으로 2$0^{\circ}C$에서 2일간 숙성시킨 후 1$0^{\circ}C$에서 5일간 숙성한 경우(C-I, M-I)와 1$0^{\circ}C$에서 7일간 숙성한 경우(C-II, M-II)로 구분하여 pH, 산도 총균수와 젖산균수 유리아미노산 함량의 측정과 관능검사를 행하였다. pH와 산도로 평가한 김치의 숙성은 MSG첨가가 무첨가보다, 1$0^{\circ}C$숙성김치가 온도변화구보다 숙성이 지연되었다. 총균수는 C-I 보다 M-I에서, C-II보다 M-II에서 낮았으나 젖산균수는 C-I 보다 M-I에서, C-II보다 M-II에서 높아 MSG첨가에 의하여 젖산균의 생육이 촉진되었다 C-I김치의 주요 유리아미노산은 alanine, asparagine, homocystine, valine 및 serine으로 전체 유리아미노산의 33%를 차지하였다. C-II 김치에서는 이들 아미노산의 함량이 C-I에서보다 높음과 동시에 특히 g1utamic acid와 ornithine의 함량이 크게 증가되었다. M-I김치에서는 homocystine, alanine, asparagine, valine 및 proline이 주 아미노산으로 total의 50%를 차지하였으며, M-II 김치에서는 glutamic acid, alanine, hydroxyproline, asparagine, homocystine, ornithine, valine 및 proline으로 total의 36%를 차지하였고, M-I 비하여 특히 glutamic acid, hydroxyproline 및 ornithine의 함량이 높았다. 관능검사 결과 신맛은 MSG 첨가구가 무첨가구보다 낮았으며 2$0^{\circ}C$ 숙성 후 1$0^{\circ}C$로 옮긴 경우는 계속 1$0^{\circ}C$에서 숙성시킨 경우보다 숙성지연 효과가 낮았다. 아삭아삭한 맛은 산미의 결과와 반대로 온도변화구보다 저온구에서 MSG첨 가구가 무첨가구에 비하여 높았다. 맛난 맛과 종합적인 맛은 M-I이 C-1보다. M-II보다 C-II에서 높은 값을 유지하였다. 이상의 결과 김치의 숙성 시 상온에서 일정시간 숙성시킨 후 저온으로 옮겨 숙성 시키는 방법은 저온에서의 숙성지연 효과가 낮은 것으로 나타났으며 MSG첨가는 유리 아미노산의 함량을 높여 맛을 향상시킬 뿐만 아니라 보존성 증진에도 효과가 있는 것으로 평가된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Lee HJ. 2000. A study on commercial kimchi consumption of housewives in seoul and Chungbuk area. Korean J Food & Nutr 13: 221-225.
  2. Park WP, Park KD, Chong YJ, Lee IS. 2002. Effect of calcium powder addition on the quality characteristics of kimchi. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 31: 428-432. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2002.31.3.428
  3. Min SG, Kim JH, Cho SK, Sin HS, Hong GH, Oh DG, Kim KN. 2003. Manufactures of functional kimchi using Bifidobacterium strain producing conjugated linoleic acid as starter. Korean J Food Sci Technol 35: 111-114.
  4. Cho Y, Rhee HS. 1979. A study on flavorous taste components in kimchis. Korean J Food Sci Rechnol 11: 26-31.
  5. Lee HO, Lee HJ, Woo SJ. 1994. Effect of cooked glutinous rice flour and soused shrimp on the changes of free amino acid, total vitamin C and ascorbic acid contents during kimchi fermentation. Korean J Soc Food Sci 10: 225-231.
  6. Kang DH, Woo YS, Lee YK, Chung SY. 1983. Organic constituents in kimchi on free amino acids. Korean J Food & Nutr 12: 225-229.
  7. Oh YA, Kim SD. 1997. Changes in enzyme activities of salted chinese cabbage and kimchi during salting and fermentation. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 26: 404-410.
  8. Pyun JW, Hwang IK. 1987. Study on the taste characteristics of the chemical seasoning (MSG) mixed with the various contents of nucleotides. Korean Soc Food Sci 3: 71-77.
  9. Kwok RHM. 1968. Chinese-restaurant syndrome. New Elgl J Med 278: 796-801.
  10. Lemkey J, Reynolds WA. 1972. Incidence and extent of brain lesions in mice following ingestion of monosodium glutamate. Anat Rec 172: 353-357.
  11. Takasaki Y. 1978. Studies on brain lesion by administation of monosodium L-glutamate to mice. Toxicology 9: 293-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-483X(78)90013-6
  12. Peng Y, Gubin J, Harper AE, Vavich MG. 1973. Food intake regulation: Amino acid toxicity and changes in rat brain and plasma amino acids. J Nutr 103: 608-617. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114509992108
  13. Stegubj LD, Filer LJ, Baker GL. 1986. Plasma glutamate concentrations in adult subjects ingesting monosodium L-glutamate in consomme. Am J Cli Nutr 42: 220-225.
  14. Jang KS. 1990. Effect of mono sodium glutamate on the fermentation of Korean cabbage kimchi. J Korean Soc Food Nutr 19: 342-348.
  15. Hur BS. 2003. Developmental status of functional kimchi. 16th Symposium of Kimchi Res Center in Busan Univ p 20-21.
  16. Ser SS, Kim MH, No HK, Kim SD. 2002. Cooking characteristics of coated rice with water homogenate of citrus fruits peel. J East Asian Soc Dietary Life 12: 318-325.
  17. Herbert A, Joel LS. 1993. Sensory Evaluation Practices. 2nd ed. Academic Press, New York, USA. p 68-75.
  18. Mheen TI, Kwon TW. 1984. Effect of temperature and salt concentration on kimchi fermentation. Korean J Food Sci Technol 16: 443-450.
  19. Kim SD, Kim ID, Park IK, Kim MH, Youn KS. 1999. Effects of calcium lactate and acetate on the fermentation of kimchi. Korean J Postharvest Sci Technol 6: 333-338.
  20. Kim YJ, Hong SI, Park NH, Chung TY. 1994. Effect of packaging material on quality of kimchi during storage. Korean J Food Sci Technol 26: 62-67.
  21. So MH, Kim YB. 1995. Cultural characteristics of psychrotrophic lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi. Korean J Food Sci Technol 27: 506-515.
  22. Shin DH, Kim MS, Han JS, Lim DK, Back WS. 1996. Changes of chemical composition and microflora in commercial kimchi. Korean J Food Sci Technol 28: 137-145.
  23. Frederick K. 1963. Analytical microbiology. Academic Press, New York and London. p 45-60.
  24. Rhie SG, Chun SK. 1982. The influence of temperature on fermentation of kimchi. Korean J Nutr & Food 11: 63-66.

Cited by

  1. Physicochemical changes in kimchi containing skate (Raja kenojei) pretreated with organic acids during fermentation vol.25, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-016-0214-4
  2. Changes in the Levels of γ-Aminobutyric Acid and Free Amino Acids during Kimchi Fermentation vol.29, pp.6, 2013, https://doi.org/10.9724/kfcs.2013.29.6.671
  3. Analysis of Nutrient Composition of Baechu Kimchi (Chinese Cabbage Kimchi) with Seafoods vol.18, pp.4, 2011, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2011.18.4.535
  4. Changes in Nutrient Composition and Fermentation Properties of Abalone Mul-Kimchi using Dried Pollack and Licorice Stock vol.44, pp.5, 2012, https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2012.44.5.613
  5. Quality Characteristics of Dolsan Leaf Mustard Kimchi Added with Seasoning of Sea tangle and Lentinus edodes vol.25, pp.5, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2015.25.5.557
  6. Comparison of Fermentation Properties of Winter Kimchi Stored for 6 Months in a Kimchi Refrigerator Under Ripening Mode or Storage Mode vol.41, pp.11, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2012.41.11.1619
  7. Antiatherogenic effects of Korean cabbage kimchi with added short arm octopus vol.24, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-015-0033-z
  8. Changes in quality properties of kimchi based on the nitrogen content of fermented anchovy sauce, Myeolchi Aekjeot, during fermentation vol.27, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-018-0349-6
  9. Chitosan-Ascorbate 함유 동해심해수로 담근 물김치의 품질특성 vol.34, pp.9, 2005, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2005.34.9.1450