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Drying Rate and Physicochemical Characteristics of Dried Ginseng Root at Different Temperature

열풍건조온도에 따른 수삼건조속도 및 건조수삼의 이화학적 특성

  • 하대철 (뉴트라테크 (주), 공주대학교 한약재연구센터ㆍ식품공학과) ;
  • 이종원 (KT&G 중앙연구소) ;
  • 도재호 (KT&G 중앙연구소) ;
  • 박채규 (KT&G 중앙연구소) ;
  • 류기형 (공주대학교 한약재연구센터ㆍ식품공학과)
  • Published : 2004.04.01

Abstract

Drying of raw ginseng root down to 35% moisture content required for extrusion process. There were two kinds of pre-treatments of raw ginseng root which were chopping and whole-root ginseng before frying at 80, 100 and 12$0^{\circ}C$. Drying rate and physicochemical properties of dried ginseng were evaluated to determine optimum drying temperature for extrusion process. Drying time at 8$0^{\circ}C$ to decrease to 35% moisture was 6.5 hr and ginsenoside content in dried ginseng at 8$0^{\circ}C$ was lower than that of dried ginseng at 100 and 12$0^{\circ}C$. Drying time at 100 and 12$0^{\circ}C$ to decrease to 35% moisture was 5.5 and 3.5 hr and redness of dried ginseng powder was 5.20 and 7.23 respectively. Browness and redness of dried ginseng extract from 75% ethylene were significantly increased with the increase in drying temperature. Ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Rg1 and total saponin were also increased with the increase in drying temperature from 8$0^{\circ}C$ to 10$0^{\circ}C$, however, those were not significantly different with drying temperature at 100 and 12$0^{\circ}C$. Drying temperature for extrusion process can be optimal at 10$0^{\circ}C$.

압출성형공정을 홍삼화 공정에 적용하기 위하여 수삼을 압출성형하려면 35% 이하로 수삼을 건조하는 전처리가 필요하다. 수삼을 건조하기 위하여 파쇄한 수삼과 뇌두부위와 미근과 세근부위를 제거하고 주근과 지근을 가진 주근수삼으로 각각 전처리하여 건조온도 80, 100, 12$0^{\circ}C$에서 수분함량의 감소속도 및 건조수삼의 이화학적 성질을 분석하였다. 파쇄수삼의 건조온도는 8$0^{\circ}C$에서 건조시간이 35% 이하로 수분을 감소시키는데 6.2시간이 걸리고 생성된 총 진세노사이드의 양도 10$0^{\circ}C$와 12$0^{\circ}C$ 건조보다 낮았으므로 전처리 건조조건으로 적당하지 않았다. 또한 10$0^{\circ}C$와 12$0^{\circ}C$ 건조를 비교할 때 35% 이하의 수분함량으로 걸리는 시간은 5.7시간과 3.5시간으로 12$0^{\circ}C$ 건조조건에서 2시간 정도 단축되었으나 적색도는 5.20에서 7.23으로 1.39배 증가하여 가루의 색깔이 홍삼과 차이가 있었다. 75% 에틸렌으로 추출한 추출액의 갈색과 적색의 반응속도는 건조온도가 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가하였다. 또한 Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Rg1, 총 진세노사이드 함량 및 정성적으로 측정한 말톨의 양은 10$0^{\circ}C$와 12$0^{\circ}C$ 건조에서 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 그러므로 총 진세노사이드와 말톨 양을 고려할 때 12$0^{\circ}C$보다 10$0^{\circ}C$에서 압출성형 전처리공정으로 수삼을 열풍 건조하는 것이 적당한 것으로 판단되었다.

Keywords

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