Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Radiomodifying Potential of Panax ginseng in Liver of Swiss Albino Mice against Gamma Radiation

  • Published : 2004.06.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Panax ginseng occupies an important role in the folk medicine of China, Korea and Japan. The present study was undertaken to determine the radioprotective efficacy of ginseng root extract in the liver of Swiss albino mice. The animals were divided into 4 groups. Group I-Only vehicle was administered. Group II-The animals received 10 mg/kg body weight ginseng root extract i.p. for 4 consecutive days. Group III-Animals were irradiated with 8Gy gamma radiation at the dose rate of 1.69 Gy/min at the distance of 80 ems. Group IV-Animals were given by ginseng root extract (10 mg/kg body weight) continuously for 4 days and on 4th day they were irradiated with 8 Gy gamma radiation after 30 min. The animals from above groups were autopsied on 1,3,7,14 and 30 days. Biochemical estimations of phosphatases (acid ＆ alkaline), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), LPO (lipid peroxidation) and GSH (reduced glutathione) in liver and SGOT (serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase), SGPT (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase) and alkaline phosphatase in serum were done. In ginseng treated group acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), LPO and LDH in liver and SGOT, SGPT and alkaline phosphatase in serum did not show any significant alteration. However, a significant increase in GSH content in liver was recorded. In irradiated group there was a significant increase in ACP, ALP and LPO content in liver and SGOT ＆ SGPT in serum was noted. Whereas, a significant decrease was recorded in GSH and LDH activity in liver and alkaline phosphatase activity in serum. Pretreatment of ginseng with radiation significantly alters the biochemical parameters in liver and serum. A significant decline in ACP, ALP activity and LPO content in liver and SGOT and SGPT activity in serum was observed. However, a significant increase in GSH content and LDH activity in liver and ALP activity in serum was estimated. The present study suggests that pretreatment of ginseng before irradiation significantly protects the liver and maintains the enzyme activity.

Keywords

References

  1. Sugahara, T., Tanaka, Y,, Nagata, N. and Kana, E.:Radiation protection by MPG. Proc. Int. Symp. Thiola, Osaka, Japan, 267 (1970)
  2. Saini, M. R., Uma Devi, P. and Yaday, S. S.: Radiation pro-tection of bone marrow lymphocytes by 2mercapto propio-nyl glycine (MPG). Experientia. 34, 1627 (1978) https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02034716
  3. Ayene, S. I., Kale, R. K. and Srivastava, P. N.:Radiopertec-tive effect of 2-mercapto propionylglycine on radiation induced lipid peroxidation and enzyme release in erythro-cytes. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 53, 629-639 (1988) https://doi.org/10.1080/09553008814550951
  4. Yuhas, J. M., Spellman, J. M. and Cullo, F.:The role of WR2721 in radiotherapy and or chemotherapy. Cancer Clin Trials. 3, 221 (1980)
  5. Ramakrishnan, N., Wolfe, W.W and Catravas, G.N.:Radio-protection of hemopoietic tissues in mice by Lipioic acid. Radiat. Res. 130, 360-365(1992) https://doi.org/10.2307/3578382
  6. Nemato, K., Horiuohi, R. and Miyamoto, T.:Deoxyspergua-lin is a new radioprotector in mice. Radiat. Res. 144, 223-225(1995) https://doi.org/10.2307/3579052
  7. Pospisil, M., Hoferin Znojil, V., Vacha, J., Netokova, J. and Hola, J.:Radioprotection of mouse hemopoiesis by dipy-ridamole and adenine monophosphate in traditional treat-ment Radiat. Res. 142, 16-22 (1995) https://doi.org/10.2307/3578962
  8. Kumar, A., Verma, S., Kumar, M., Kiefer, J. and Saxena, G.N.:Radiomodifying effects of Spirulina. In Ist Interna-tional congress on Traditional Medicine & Meteria Medica. pp.34 (1999)
  9. Gupta, N.K.:Hypolipidemic action of Garlic unsaturated oils in irradiated mice. Nat. Acad. Sci. Lett. 11, 401-403(1988)
  10. Sarmarth, R.M. Goyal, P.K. and Kumar, A.:Modulation of serum phosphatases activity in Swiss albino mice against gamma irradiation by Mentha pipertia Linn. Phytother. Res. 15, 1-4(2001) https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1573(200102)15:1<1::AID-PTR959>3.0.CO;2-L
  11. Pande, S., Kumar, M. and Kumar, A.:Evaluation of radio-modifying effects of root extract of Panax ginseng. Phy-torher. Res. 12, 13-17 (1998) https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(19980201)12:1<13::AID-PTR179>3.0.CO;2-T
  12. Uma Devi, P. and Ganasoundari, A.:Modulation of glu-tathione and antioxidant enzymes by Ocimum sanctum and its role in protection against radiation inury. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 37, 262-268(1999)
  13. Takeda, A., Yongezawa, M. and Katoz, N.:Restoration of radiation injury by ginseng C. Responses of X-irradiated mice of ginnseng extract. J. Radiat. Res. 22, 232-235 (1981) https://doi.org/10.1269/jrr.22.323
  14. Liu, C.X. and Xiao, P.G:Recent advances of ginseng research in China. J. Ethonpharmacol. 36, 27-38(1992) https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(92)90057-X
  15. Kumar, A.:Immunomodulatory response induced by ginseng. J. Ginseng Res. 27, 115-119(2003) https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2003.27.3.115
  16. Kumar, M., Sharma, M. K., Saxena, P. S. and Kumar, A.:radioprotective effect of Panax ginseng on the phosphatases & lipid peroxidation level in testes of Swiss albino mice. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 26. 108-112(2003) https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.26.308
  17. Moron, M.J., Depierre, J. W. and Mannlrevik, B.:Levels of GSH, GR and GST activities in rat lungs and liver. Biochem. Biophys. Acta. 582, 67(1979) https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4165(79)90289-7
  18. Ohkawa, H., Ohishi, N. and Yagi, K.:Assay for lipid perox-idation in animal tissue by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Ana-lyt. Biochem. 95, 351-358(1979) https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(79)90738-3
  19. Wroblewski, F.:Sigma technical bulletin no.500 (1967)
  20. Fiske, C. H. and Subbarow, Y.:The colorimetric determina-tion of phosphorous. J. Biol. Chem. 66,375-392(1925)
  21. Reitman, S. and Frankel, S. A.:Colorimetric method for determination of serum glutamate oxaloacetate and glutamic pyruvic transaminases. Am. J. Clin. Path. 28, 56 (1959)
  22. Kind, P.R.N. and King, E.J.:Determination of serum alka-line phosphatase, Clin. Path. 7, 322 (1954) https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.7.4.322
  23. Jacod, D. and maini, S.:Radiomodificatory potential of oestradiol valerate in the male mouse (Mus musculus). Geo-bios. 21, 3-8 (1994)
  24. Yanardag, R., Bolkent, S. and Kizir, A.:Protective effects of DL alpha-tocopherol acetate and sodium selenate on the liver of rats exposed to gammma radiation. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 83(3), 263-273 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1385/BTER:83:3:263
  25. Petkau, A. and Chelack, W. S.:Radioprotective effect of Superoxide dismutase on model phospholipid membranes. Biochem. Biophys. Acta. 443, 445 (1976) https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-2736(76)90272-8
  26. Raleigh, J. A.:In 'Prostaglandin and lipid metabolism in radiation injury' Walden, Jr. T. C. and Hughes, H. N. p.3(eds) Plenum Press, New York, (1987)
  27. Rurohit, S. C., Bisby, R. H. and Candall, R. B.:Structural modification of human erythrocyte membranes following gamma irraiation. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 38. 147 (1980) https://doi.org/10.1080/09553008014551041
  28. Sridharan, S. and Shyamaladevi, C. S.:Protective effect of N-acetylcysteine against gamma ray induced damages in rats-biochemical evaluations. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 40(2), 181-186 (2002)
  29. Hwang, J.M., Chan, D.C., Chang, T.M., Teas, T.Y., Tsou, S.S, Lu, R.H. and Tsai, L.M.:Effects of oral arginine and glutamine on radiation-induced injury in the rat. J. Sure. Res. 109(2), 149-154(2003) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4804(02)00096-3
  30. Lynn, K. R. and Skinner, W.J.:Radiolysis of an alkaline phosphatase. Radiat. Res. 57, 358-363(1974) https://doi.org/10.2307/3573842
  31. Mathur, V.B. and Uma Devi, P.:Effect of MPG on the radi-ation induced changes in the intestinal activity of alkaline phosphatase in mice. Nat. Acad. Sci. Lett. 4, 183-185(1981)
  32. Baijal, K.:Biochemical and histopathological effects of extnrnal irradiation of small intestine of mammals. Ph.D.thesis Univ. of Rajasthan, Jaipur (India) (1978)
  33. Lash, L. H.:Isolated kidney cells in the study of chemical toxicity. In vitro toxicology: Model system and methods p.231-262. edited By. C. A. Moqueen, The Tetford Press, Coldwell, N.J. (1989)
  34. Biaglow, J. E., Varnes, M. E., Epp, ER and Clark, E.P.:IN 'Radioprotectors and anticarcinogens' p. 387 edited by FNygaard & MG Simic, Academic Press, New York. (1983)
  35. Chance, B., Sies, H. and Boveris, A.:Hydroperoxide metabo-lism in manmalian organs. Physiol. Rev. 59, 527-605 (1979) https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1979.59.3.527
  36. Wilson R. L.:In 'Radioprotectors and anticarcinogens',P.1. edited by F Nygaard & MG Simic, Academic Press, New York. (1983)
  37. Blum, J. and Fridovich, I.:Inactivation of glutathione perox-idase by superoxide radical. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 240, 500-8 (1985) https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(85)90056-6
  38. Konnings, A. W.T.:In 'Prostaglandins and lipid metebolism in radiation injury' p. 29 edited by TL Walden Jr. & HN Hughes. Plenum Press, New York, (1987)
  39. Turrens, J. F.:The prtential of antioxidant enzymes as phar-macological agents in vivo. Xenobiotica. 21, 1033-1040 (1991) https://doi.org/10.3109/00498259109039543
  40. Mahady, G. B., Gyllenhaal, C., Fong, H.H.S and Fran-sworth, N.R.:Ginsenga:A review of safety and efficacy. Nutr. Clin. Care. 3, 90-101 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-5408.2000.00020.x
  41. Chen, X.:Cardiovascualar protection by ginsenosides and their intric oxide releasing action. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 23, 728-732 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1996.tb01767.x
  42. Maffei Facion, R., Carino, M., Aldini, G., Calloni, M.T and Berti, F.:Panax ginseng administration in the rat prevents myocardial ischemia-reperfusion damage induced by hyper-baric oxygen: evidence for an antioxidant intervention. Plant Med. 65, 614-619 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1055/s-1999-14034
  43. Lee, H.J., Kimm D.Y. and Chang, C.C.:antioxidant effects of Korean red ginseng components on the antioxidant enzymes activity and liver peroxidation in the liver of mouse treated with paraquat, J. Ginseng Res. 23, 182-189 (1999)
  44. Kim, Y.K., Guo, Q. and Packer L. : Free redical scavenging activity of red ginseng aqueous extracts. Toxical. 172, 149-156 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-483X(01)00585-6
  45. Keum, Y.S., Park, K.K., Lee, J.M., Chus., K.S., Park, J.H., lee, S.K., Kwon, H and Surh, Y.J.:Antioxidant and anti-tumor promoting activities of the methanol extract of heat processed ginseng. Canver Lett. 150, 41-48 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3835(99)00369-9
  46. Zhang, Y.G., Yasuda, T., Yu, Y., Zheng, P., Kawabata, T., Ma, Y. and Okada, S. : Ginseng extract scavenges hydroxyl radical and protects unsaturated fatty acids from decomposi-tion caused by iron mediated lipid peroxidation. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 20, 145-50 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1016/0891-5849(95)02020-9
  47. Kitss, D.D., Wijewickreme, A.X. and Hu, C.:antioxidant properties of a north american ginseng extract. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 203, 1-10 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007078414639
  48. Kim, S.H., Cho, C.K., Yoo, S.Y., Koh, K.H., Yun, H.G. and Kim T.M.: in vivo radioprotective activity of Panax ginseng and diethyldithiocarbamate. In vivo. 7(5): 467-470 (1993)