Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Proteases on the Extraction of Crude Protein and Reducing Sugar in Pollen

화분에서의 조단백질 및 환원당 추출시 단백질 분해효소가 미치는 영향

  • Choi, Su-Jeong (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University) ;
  • Jeong, Yoon-Hwa (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University)
  • 최수정 (단국대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 정윤화 (단국대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2004.10.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was conducted to increase crude protein and reducing sugar contents in pollen extracts by proteases. Four commercial neutral proteases (Alcalase 2.4L, Protamex, Flavozyme and Protease A) and two alkaline proteases (Protease S and Protease P) were used to prepare acorn and Darae pollen extracts. Contents of moisture, ash, crude protein and crude fat of acorn pollen were 5.2%, 2.7%, 6.2% and 22.3%, respectively, while those of Darae pollen were 5.4%, 2.8%, 1.8% and 27.8%, respectively. Contents of crude protein and reducing sugar in pollen extracts were increased by proteases. Alcalase 2.4L was the most effective in increasing protein contents while Protease A in increasing reducing sugar contents. It is suggested the use of proteases is one of the potential methods for increasing the contents of crude protein and reducing sugar in preparation of pollen extracts.

국내산 충매 화분인 도토리 화분과 다래 화분에 단백질 분해효소를 이용하여 화분 추출물을 제조하고, 추출물의 조단백질 함량과 환원당 함량의 변화를 알아보았다. 도토리화분의 일반성분 분석결과 수분 5.2%, 회분 2.7%, 조지방 6.2%, 조단백질 함량은 22.3%였고, 다래화분은 수분 5.4%, 회분 2.8%, 조지방 1.8%, 조단백질 함량은 27.8%였다. Casein을 기질로 사용하여 측정한 효소의 비환성 (specific activity U/mg)은 Protease S>Flavozyme>Alcalase 2.4L>Protamex>Protease P>Protease A의 순이었다. 단백질 분해효소 처리에 의한 화분 추출물의 조단백질 함량은 효소 첨가군이 대조군보다 증가했고, Alcalase 2.4L을 0.2 U, 0.5 U 첨가시에 도토리 화분 추출물은 대조군보다 각각 35.8%, 45.8%, 다래 화분 추출물은 각각 68.8%, 101.5% 증가하였다. 단백질 분해효소 처리에 의한 화분 추출물의 환원당 함량은 효소 첨가군이 대조군보다 증가했고, Protease A를 0.2 U, 0.5 U 첨가 시 도토리 화분 추출물은 대조군보다 각각 11.4%, 18.4%, 다래 화분 추출물은 대조군보다 각각 12.2%, 14.2% 증가하였다. 단백질 분해 효소 처리에 의해 화분 추출물의 조단백질과 환원당의 함량이 증가되었고, 단백질 분해 효소는 화분 추출물의 조단백질 및 환원당 함량을 높이는 방법 중의 하나로 이용될 수 있다고 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Lee BY, Choi HD, Hwang JB. 1997. Component analysis of Korean pollens and pollen extracts. Korean J Food Sci Technol 29: 869-875
  2. 최승윤. 1982. 양봉학. 서울대학교 출판부, 서울
  3. Wodehouse RP. 1935. Pollen grains off-setedition. Harfner, New York
  4. Erdtman G. 1952. Pollen morprology and plant taxonomy. Academic Press, New York
  5. Blancjard GC, Gardner R. 1976. Characterization of some of the enzyme in Ragweed pollen. Annals of Allergy 36: 410-418
  6. Vivino AE, Palmer LS. 1944. The chemical composition and nutritional value of pollen collected by bees. Arch Biochem 4: 129-136
  7. Anderson RJ, Kulp WL. 1922. Analysis and composition of corn pollen. J Biololical Chemistry 50: 433-435
  8. Nelsen N, Grommer J, Lunden R. 1955. Investigations on chemical composition of pollen from same plant. Acta Chem 9: 1100-1106 https://doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.09-1100
  9. Lunder R. 1954. Literature on pollen chemistry. Addison- Wesley, London. p 66, 201
  10. Spector WS. 1956. Handbook of biological data. WB. Saunders, Philadelpia & London. p 87
  11. Elser E, Ganzuller J. 1930. Die chemishe zusammensetzung einiger blutenstaubartern. Z Physical Chem 194: 21-28
  12. Togasawa Y, Katsumata T, Ota T. 1967. Biochemical studies on pollen (inorganic components and phosphorus compound of pollen). Nippon Nogei Kagaku Kaishi 41: 178- 183 https://doi.org/10.1271/nogeikagaku1924.41.5_178
  13. Ichikawa C. 1936. Biochemical studies of pollen. J Agr Chem Soc Japan 12: 1117-1125
  14. Todd FE, Bretherick U. 1942. The composition of pollen. J Econ Entormol 35: 312-316 https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/35.3.312
  15. Sagromsky H. 1947. Uber einige bestimmungen des vitamin B gehaltes von pollen mit hilfe des phycomyces testes. Biol Zentr 66: 140-146
  16. Togasawa Y, Katsumata T, Fukata M, Motoi T. 1967. Biochemical studies of pollen (vitamin of pollen). Nippon Nogei Kagaku Kaishi 41: 184-190 https://doi.org/10.1271/nogeikagaku1924.41.5_184
  17. Suk KD, Kim MK. 1983. Gross chemical analysis for honey and pollen load. Korean J Phamacogn 14: 83-92
  18. Kim JW, Shin SC, Kim BK. 1984. Studies on pollen preparations as a health food (I). Korean J Phamacogn 15: 147- 149
  19. Kim JH, Lee KH, Kim ES, Park SB. 1992. A study on components of pollen load. J Korean Soc Food Nutr 21: 566- 572
  20. Suk KD, Kim MK. 1983. Identification of floral type for honey and pollen load. Korean J Phamacogn 14: 197-200
  21. Chung YG, Yoon SH, Kwon JS, Bae MJ. 1984. Nutritional and biochemical studies on the pollen loads studies on lipld compositions of sunflower pollen load and effects of its pollen load on liver cholesterol metabolism in mouse. J Korean Soc Food Nutr 13: 169-174
  22. Kwon CS, Yoon SH. 1986. Effect of pollen load on chloroform induced hepatic and renal damage in rats concerning pathohistological aspects. J Korean Soc Food Nutr 15: 229-234
  23. Kwon CS, Cho SY, Park JM, Hub K. 1989. Nutritional biochemical study on the pollen load effect of azalea pollen on the hepatic microsmal aniline hydroxylase activity. J Korean Soc Food Nutr 18: 93-100
  24. Kwon CS, Cho SY, Chung HJ, Park JM, Hub K. 1989. Nutritional biochemical study on the pollen load-effect of azalea pollen on the aniline induced hepatotoxicity. J Korean Soc Food Nutr 18: 239-246
  25. Yoon SH, Kang JH, Kwon CS. 1989. Effects of azalea pollen on the carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in mice. J Korean Soc Food Nutr 18: 363-371
  26. Yoon SH, Park EJ. 1992. A Study for new hepatotropic agents natural resources- the effect of azalea pollen on aromatic toxicants induced hepatotoxicity. J Korean Soc Food Nutr 27: 341-347
  27. Kwon CS, Yoon SH. 1986. Nutritional and biochemical studies on the pollen load 3-the effect of pollen load on the chloroform-induced hepatic and renal damage in rats. J Korean Soc Food Nutr 15: 235-242
  28. Tyler VE, Brady LR, Robbers JE. 1986. Pharmacognosy. 8th ed. Lee and Febiger, Philadelphia. p 426-448
  29. Lindahl O. 1982. Pollen. Forlags AB, ed. Johanneshoc, Phil- adelphia. p 136
  30. Peng YS, Nedhat N, Masston JM. 1986. Release of alfalfa medicago sativa pollen cytoplasm in the gut of the honey bees. Physiol Entomol 79: 804-807
  31. Kim DS. 1989. Effect of larva gut enzyme on pollen. Korean J Food Sci Technol 21: 404-408
  32. Kim JG, Son JH. 1990. Progress of chemical composition on pulverization of pollen. Korean J Apiculture 5: 23-30
  33. AOAC. 1980. Official methods of analysis. 14th ed. Association of official analytical chemists, Washington DC
  34. Jensen DE. 1972. Continuous production of extracellular protease by Bacillus subtilis in a two stage fermenter. Biotechnol Bioeng 14: 647-662 https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.260140410
  35. Somogyi M. 1952. Notes on sugar determination. J Biol Chem 195: 19-23

Cited by

  1. Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Quality Characteristic and Microbiological Safety of Rape (Brassica napus) Pollen vol.42, pp.11, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2013.42.11.1843
  2. Antimicrobial Activity of a Gelidium corneum - Gelatin Blend Film Containing Fermented Pollen Extract and Its Application in the Packaging of Pork Loins vol.29, pp.3, 2009, https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2009.29.3.391
  3. Germination and Antioxidant Activity of Korean Oak Pollen Treated with Medicinal Mushrooms vol.42, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.4489/KJM.2014.42.2.165
  4. The morphological characteristics and fatty acids composition of pollens in acorn and darae(Actinidia arguta) vol.51, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.7852/jses.2013.51.2.119
  5. Acidic-Treated Acorn Pollen as Health Functional Food Materials for Improvement of Post-Menopausal Glucose Metabolism vol.25, pp.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3746/pnf.2020.25.1.50