Maternal Parenting, Mother-Adolescent Conflict, and Adolescent Self-Esteem

어머니의 양육행동 및 모-자녀간 갈등과 남녀 청소년의 자아존중감간의 관계

  • 윤지은 (이화여자대학교 소비자인간발달학과) ;
  • 최미경 (경원대학교 아동학과)
  • Published : 2004.10.01

Abstract

The main purpose of this study was to examine the relations between maternal parenting, mother-adolescent conflict, and middle adolescents' self-esteem with a sample of 271 high school students enrolled in 2nd year at high school in Seoul, and their mothers. Data was analysed using correlations and regression analyses. Maternal affection, monitoring and reasoning were positively related with and maternal physical abuse and neglect were negatively related with adolescent self-esteem. Maternal over-expectation and intrusiveness were not related with adolescent self-esteem in boys, but were negatively related with adolescent self-esteem in girls. In both adolescents' and mothers' report, mother-adolescent conflict was related negatively with adolescent self-esteem. In mothers' report, mother-adolescent conflict was not related with adolescent self-esteem in boys, but was negatively related with adolescent self-esteem in girls. In adolescents' report, maternal affection, monitoring and reasoning were negatively related with mother-adolescent conflict, which maternal over-expectation, intrusiveness, neglect, and physical abuse were positively related with mother-adolescent conflict. In mothers' report, maternal affection, monitoring and reasoning were negatively related with mother-adolescent conflict. Mediating roles of mother-adolescent conflict in relation of maternal parenting and adolescent self-esteem were examined. In adolescents' report, mother-adolescent conflict perceived by male adolescents played a mediating role between maternal monitoring, reasoning and physical abuse, representatively, and adolescent self-esteem. And mother-adolescent conflict perceived by female adolescents played a mediating role between maternal parenting with the expectation of maternal affection and adolescent self-esteem. In mothers' report, mother-adolescent conflict perceived by mothers only played mediating role between maternal monitoring and adolescent self-esteem. So, mediating roles of mother-adolescent conflict were more emphasized in the adolescents' report than in the mothers' report. Therefore, the fact that maternal parenting except affection affects the adolescent self-esteem indirectly through mother-adolescent conflict can be found. Implying that maternal affection is crucial in implying positive self-esteem of adolescents.

Keywords

References

  1. 김경연(1987). 부모의 아동평가, 자아존중, 양육태도와 아동의 자아존중감과의 관계. 부산대학교 박사학위 청구논문
  2. 김경연(1993). 어머니 관련변인 및 어머니의 양육행동과 아동의 자아존중감: 종단적자료의 인과적 분석. 한국심리학회지:발달, 6(1), 37-50
  3. 김문혜 . 강문희(1999). 아동의 자아존중감 관련변인의 인과모형분석. 아동학회지, 20(4), 195-211
  4. 김성연(1981). 부모의 양육태도와 어린이의 자아개념 및 학업성적과의 상관연구. 이화여자대학교 교육대학원 석사학위 청구논문
  5. 김수연(1997). 어머니-청소년 자녀간의 갈등에 관련된 변인. 연세대학교 석사학위 청구논문
  6. 김정수, 류진혜(2001). 부-자간 갈등에서 나타나는 인지적 오류와 청소년 비행의 관계. 청소년학연구, 8(2), 1-23
  7. 김주희(1989). 비행청소년의 이상적 부모관에 관한 연구. 성신여자대학교 석사학위 청구논문
  8. 도현심 . 최미경(1998). 어머니의 양육행동 및 또래 경험과 아동의 자아존중감간의 관계. 아동학회, 19(2), 19-33
  9. 민하영(1992). 청소년 비행정도와 부모-자녀간의 의사소통, 가족의 응집 및 적응과의 관계. 서울대학교 석사학위 청구논문
  10. 박경리 . 김경연(2001). 아동의 영역별 자아존중감에 대한 어머니의 지지 및 또래수용도의 영향: 단짝친구 지지의 중재효과. 아동학회지, 19(1), 85-97
  11. 박선영 . 도현심(1998). 가족기능 및 자아존중감과 청소년의 외로움간의 관계. 아동학회지, 22(4), 229-244
  12. 박영애(1995). 어머니의 양육행동 및 형제관계와 아동의 자존감과의 관계. 고려대학교 박사학위 청구논문
  13. 박영애 . 정옥분(1996). 양육행동 및 형제관계와 아동의 자존감과의 관계 연구. 아동학회지, 17(1), 189-212
  14. 박정선(1995). 모의 직업 및 지각된 양육태도와 자아개념과의 관계연구. 동국대학교 석사학위 청구논문
  15. 박태수(1997). 청소년 비행의식의 형성배경. 학생생활연구, 18(1), 77-98, 제주대학교 학생생활연구소
  16. 손화희 . 윤종희(1990). 어머니의 자아존중감 및 양육태도와 학동기 자녀의 자아존중감과의 관계연구. 아동학회지, 11(1), 58-76
  17. 송경란(1998). 부모-청소년 자녀간 갈등과 갈등해결방식에 관한 연구-중 . 고등학생이 지각하는 부모의 양육태도를 중심으로. 서강대학교 수도자대학원 석사학위 청구논문
  18. 오순환(1991). 자녀가 지각한 어머니의 양육행동과 아동의 자아 개념간의 관계. 이화여자대학교 석사학위 청구논문
  19. 유계숙(1998). 부모의 권력에 대한 청소년의 지각 양상과 순응도에 관한 연구. 연세대학교 석사학위 청구논문
  20. 윤혜미(1997). 아동의 학대 및 방임 경험이 아동의 부모-자녀관계 지각과 자존감에 미치는 영향. 한국아동복지학, 5, 95-120
  21. 이사라(2001). 부모의 양육행동 및 또래 관계가 아동의 자아개념발달에 미치는 영향에 관한 종단적 연구. 이화여자대학교 박사학위 청구논문
  22. 이삼연(2002). 이혼가정 청소년자녀의 적응에 관한 연구. 한국가족복지학, 10, 37-65
  23. 이정숙(1992). 부모의 양육태도와 청년기 자녀의 갈등. 한국가정관리학회지, 20, 325-328
  24. 이주옥(1994). 청소년 자녀와 부모-갈등에 관한 질적 연구-갈등유형, 해석 및 그 해결방식을 중심으로. 연세대학교박사학위 청구논문
  25. 전광희(1992). 가족제도의 변동과 청소년의 범죄. 청소년범죄의 원인과 대책. 형사청책연구원
  26. 전귀연(1998). 가족구조환경, 물질주의 및 청소년 비행간의 관계. 대한가정학회지, 36(3), 87-103
  27. 정현숙(1993). 부모의 이혼에 따른 자녀들의 적응. 아동학회지, 14(1), 59-75
  28. 최선남(1995). 가족환경변인 및 아동기 부모-자녀 결합 형태가 청소년의 우울성향에 미치는 영향. 대한가정학회지, 33(3), 103
  29. 허묘연(2000). 청소년이 지각한 부모 양육행동 척도 개발 연구. 이화여자대학교 석사학위 청구논문
  30. 홍성흔(2002). 모-자녀관계 및 자아존중감과 청소년의 성취동기간의 관계. 이화여자대학교 석사학위 청구논문
  31. Anderson, M., & Hughes, H. M.(1989). Parenting attitudes and the self-esteem of young childen. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 150, 463-365 https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.1989.9914615
  32. Bijur, P. E., Kurzon, M., Hamelsky, V. & Pdwer, C.(1991). Parent-adolescent conflict and adolescent injuries. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 12(2), 92-97
  33. Cooley, C. H. (1902). Human nature and the social order. New York: Scribner
  34. Coopersmith, S.(1967). The antecedents of self-esteem. San francisco: W. H. Freeman
  35. Criss, M. M., Petti, G. S., Gates, J. E., Dogde, K. A. & Lapp. A.(2002). 'Family Adversity, positive peer relationships, and children's externalizing behaor'. ChildDevelopment, 73(4), 1220-1237 https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00468
  36. Danel, T. L.(1998). A Longitudinal study of the relations between parent- adolescent conflict and adolescent psychological well-being. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 159(1), 53-67 https://doi.org/10.1080/00221329809596134
  37. Eaton, M.(1997). Positive discipline: fostering the self-esteem of young children. Young Children, 53(6), 43-46
  38. Ellis-Schwabe, M. & Thornburg, H. D.(1986). Conflict areas between parents and their adolescents. The Journal of Psychology, 120(19), 59-68 https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1986.9712616
  39. Felson, R. B. & Zielinski, M. A.(1989). Children's self-esteem and parental support. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 51, 727-735 https://doi.org/10.2307/352171
  40. Forehand, R., Long, N., Brody, G. H. & Fauber, R.(1986). Home predictors of young adolescents' school behavior and academic performance. ChiId Development, 57, 1528-1533
  41. Gecas, V. & Schwalbe, M. L.(1986). Parental Behavior and Adolescent Self-Esteem. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 48, 37-46 https://doi.org/10.2307/352226
  42. Glasgow, K. L., Dombusch, S. M., Troyer, L., Steinberg, L. R.,& Ritter, P. L., (1997). Parenting styles, adoslecents attributions, and educational outcomes in nine heterogeneous high school. Child Development, 68(3), 507-529 https://doi.org/10.2307/1131675
  43. Harter, S.(1983). Developmental perspectives on the self-system. In E.M
  44. Hill, J. P.(1980). The family. In M. Johnson(Ed.), Toward adolescence: The middle school years. The Seventy-ninth Yearbook of the national society for the study of education. Chicago: University of Chicago press
  45. Hill, J. P.(1993). Recent advances in selected aspects of adolescent development. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 34, 69-99 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb00968.x
  46. Hoelter, J.(1984). Relative effects of significant others on self-evaluation. Social Psychology Quarterly, 47, 255-262 https://doi.org/10.2307/3033822
  47. Jacob, T.(1975). Family interaction in disturbed and normal families: A methodological and substantive review. Psychological Bulletin, 82, 33-65 https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076253
  48. Johnson, B. M., Shulman, S. & Collins, W. A.(1991). Systematic patterns of parenting as reported by adolescents: Developmental differences and implications for psychological outcomes. Journal of Adolescent Research, 6(2), 235-252 https://doi.org/10.1177/074355489162006
  49. Justice, B. & Duncan, D. F.(1976). Running away: An epidemic problem of adolescence. Adolescence, 11(43), 365-371
  50. Kelly, J.(1988). 'Long-term adjustment a children of divorce.' Journal of Family Psychology. 2(2), 119-140 https://doi.org/10.1037/h0080489
  51. Litovsky, V. G., & Dusek, J. B.(1985). Perceptions of child rearing and self-concept development during the early adolescent years. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 14, 373-388 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02138833
  52. Manning, P. C.(1989). Family functioning, sibling relationships, and a chid self-esteem. Doctoral dissertation. California Institute of Integral Studies
  53. Margolin, L., Blyth, D. A. & Carbone, D,(1988). The family as a looking glass: Interpreting family influences on adolescent self-esteem from a symbolic interaction perspective. Journal of Early Adolescence, 8, 211-224 https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431688083001
  54. Montemayor, R.(1982). The relationship between parentadolescent conflict and the amount of time adolescents spend alone and with parents and peers. Child Development, 53, 1512-1519 https://doi.org/10.2307/1130078
  55. Montemayor, R.(1986). Family variation in parent-adolescent storm and stress. Journal of Adolescent Research, 1, 15-31 https://doi.org/10.1177/074355488611003
  56. Montemayor, R. & Hason, E.(1985). A naturalistic view of conflict between adolescents and their parent and siblings. Journal of Early Adolescence, 5, 23-30 https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431685051003
  57. Prinz, R. J., Foster, S., Kent, R. N. & O'Leary, K.D.(1979). Multi-variate assessment of conflict in distressed and non-distressed mother-adolescent dyad. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 12, 691-700 https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1979.12-691
  58. Reich, W., Earls, F. & Powell, J.(1988). A comparison of the home and social environments of children of alcoholic and non-alcoholic parents. British Journal of Addiction, 83(7), 831-839 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb00518.x
  59. Richards, M. H., Gitelson, I. B., Petersen, A. C. & Hurtig, A. L.(1991). Adolescent personality in girls and boys: The role of mothers and fathers. Psychology of Woman Quarterly, 15, 65-81 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1991.tb00478.x
  60. Rosenberg, M.(1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University press
  61. Ruter, M. A. & Conger, R. D.(1995). Antecedents ofparentadol escentdisagreements. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, 435-448 https://doi.org/10.2307/353697
  62. Silverberg, S. B. & Steinberg, L.(1987). adolescent autonomy, parent-adolescent conflict, and parental well-being. Journal of youth and adolescence, 16, 293-312 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02139096
  63. Silverberg, S. B. & Steinberg, L.(1990). Psychological well-being of parents with early adolescent children. DevelopmentaI Psychology, 26(4), 658-666 https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.26.4.658
  64. Slater, E. J. & Haber, J. D.(1984). Adolescent adjustment following divorce as a function of familial conflict. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 920-921 https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.52.5.920
  65. Small, S. A.(1985). The parent-adolescent relationship: Perceptions of parent and children (Doctoral Dissertation, Cornell University.). Dissertation Abstracts International
  66. Smetana, J. G.(1989). Adolescents' and parents' reasoning about actual family conflict. Child Development, 60, 1052-1067
  67. Steinberg, L. D.(1981). Transformations in family relations at puberty. Developmental Psychology, 17(6), 833-840
  68. Steinberg, L. D.(1987b). Recent research on the family at adolescence: The extent and nature of sex differences. Journal of Youth and the Family, 16(3), 191-198
  69. Steinberg, L. D.(1988). Reciprocal relation between parentchild distance and pubertalmaturation. Developmental Psychology, 24(1), 122-128 https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.24.1.122
  70. Steinberg, L. & Darling, N.(1994). The broader context of social influence in adolescence. In R. K. Silbereisen and E. Todt(Eds.), Adolescence in context(25-45). New York : Springer-Verlag
  71. Tomlison, R. K.(1991). Unacceptable adolescent behavior and parent-adolescent conflict. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 8(1), 33-51 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00757540
  72. Wylie, R. C.(1979). The self-concept: Theory and research on selected topics(Vol. 2). Lincoln: University of Nebraska press
  73. Young, M. H.(1993). Parenting style and child behavior problems: A longitudinal analysis. Doctoral Dissertation Utah State University. Ann Arbor MI: University Microfilms International