Incidence of Microorganisms during Slaughtering Process of Cattle

소 도축공정 중의 미생물 증감 추이

  • Published : 2004.09.01

Abstract

This study was carried out to evaluate the microbiological quality of beef carcasses at different slaughtering process in large (>100 cattle/day) and small (<30 cattle/day) scale slaughtering houses. Swabbing method was used to analyze the incidence of microorganisms on brisket surface of beef carcasses in each process of after dehiding, after evisceration, before and final wash, and in cold room. In winter time, large scale slaughterhouse showed lower incidence of aerobic microorganisms (10$\^$0/∼10$^2$ CFU/$\textrm{cm}^2$) than those of small scale slaughterhouse (10$\^$0/-10$^3$ CFU/$\textrm{cm}^2$) during the slaughtering process of after dehiding, evisceration and before final wash. But samples from carcasses after final wash and in cold room storage showed no difference in aerobic cell counts between large and small scale slaughterhouse. In spring time, samples showed higher incidence of microorganisms by the log scale 1 than those of winter time in both of small and large scale slaughterhouse. After final wash, different sampling place in carcass such as rump, flank, brisket showed the different washing effect in both of small and large scale slaughterhouse. After final wash, samples from rump showed lower aerobic cell counts, but samples from flank and brisket showed higher aerobic cell counts than samples from each site before final wash.

본 연구는 도축장 규모 및 계절별로 도축 공정 단계에 따른 미생물학적 오염도와 변화 추이를 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 도축 5단계 즉, 박피 후, 내장 적출 후, 최종 세척 전, 최종 세척 후 그리고 냉장실에서 소 도체 흥부 표면에 대한 미생물학적 분석을 위하여 가로세로 10${\times}$10 cm의 면적에 대하여 swab 방법으로 시료를 채취하였다. 그 결과 겨울철 시료에 있어 대규모 도축장은 박피, 내장 적출 및 최종 세척 전까지의 도축단계에서는 $10^{0}$$10^2$CFU/ $\textrm{cm}^2$ 수준의 일반세균이 검출되어 $10^{0}$$10^3$ 수준을 보인 중소규모 도축장에 비하여 1∼2 log값이 적은 미생물이 검출되었으나, 최종세척 후($10^2$CFU/$\textrm{cm}^2$)와 냉장실($10^1$CFU/$\textrm{cm}^2$)의 미생물 검출값에 있어서는 도축장 규모에 따른 차이를 보여주지 않았다. 겨울철 시료는 봄철 시료에 비하여 도축장 규모에 차이 없이 일반세균이 1 log 값 정도 적게 검출되었다. 최종세척 공정의 시료채취 부위에 따른 세척 효과를 보기 위한 실험에서 둔부 부위에서는 세척 효과를 보여주었지만, 옆구리와 흉부 부위에서는 오히려 세척 후 미생물 수가 최종 세척 전 단계보다 증가하는 경향을 보여주었다.

Keywords

References

  1. AAFC (1993) HACCP generic model. Slaughter of cows and boneless beef. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Food Protection and Inspection Branch, Ottawa, Canada
  2. Barkate, M. L., Acuff, G. R., Lucia, L. M., and Hale, D. S. (1993) Hot water decontamination of beef carcasses for reduction of initial bacterial numbers. Meat Sci. 35, 397-401 https://doi.org/10.1016/0309-1740(93)90044-I
  3. Charlebois, R., Trudel, R., and Messier, S. (1991) Surface contamination of beef carcasses by fecal coliforms. J. Food Prot. 54, 950-956
  4. Dickson, J. S. (1995) Susceptibility of pre-evisceration washed beef carcasses to contamination by Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella. J. Food Prot. 58, 1065-1068
  5. Directive 64/433/EEC (2001) Official J. of the European Communities L165/48-54
  6. Gill, C. 0. (1998) Microbioloeical contamination of meat during slaughter and butchering of cattle, sheep and pigs. In: The microbiology of meat and poultry. Davies, A. and Board, R. (eds.), Blackie Academic & Professional, London, pp. 118-157
  7. Gustavsson, P. and Borch, E. (1993) Contamination of beef carcasses by psychrotrophic Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae at different stages along the processing line. Int. J. Food Microbial. 20, 67-83 https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1605(93)90095-X
  8. Hardin, M. D., Acuff, G. R., Lucia, L. M., Oman, J. S., and Savell, J. W. (1995) Comparison of methods for decontamination from beef carcass surfaces. J. Food Prot. 58, 368-374
  9. Hogue, A. T., Dreesen, D. W., Green, S. S., Ragland, R. D., James, W. 0., Bergeron, E. A., Cook, L. V., Pratt, M. D., and Martin, D. R. (1993) Bacteria on beef briskets and ground beef : correlation with slaughter volume and antemortem contamination. J. Food Prot. 56, 110-113, 119
  10. International Meat and Poultry HACCP Alliance (1996) Generic HACCP model for beef slaughter. USDA, Food Safety and Inspection service
  11. NAC (1993) US department of agriculture. national advisory committee on microbiological criteria for foods. Generic HACCP for raw beef. Food Microbiol. 10, 449-488 https://doi.org/10.1006/fmic.1993.1053
  12. Nottingham, D. M. (1982) Microbiology of carcass meat. In: Meat microbiology. Brown, M. H. (ed.), Appl. Sci. Pull. LTD, London pp. 13-65
  13. 농림부 (1998) 축산물의 가공기준 및 성분규격. 농림부고시 제1998-34호. pp. 158-182
  14. 농림부 (1999) 도축장 위해요소 중점관리기준(HACCP) 적용 매뉴얼
  15. 농림부 (1999) 축산물위해요소중점관리기준. 농림부 고시 제 1999-29호