DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Combined effect of the horizontal components of earthquakes for moment resisting steel frames

  • Reyes-Salazar, Alfredo (Facultad de Ingenieria, Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria) ;
  • Juarez-Duarte, Jose A. (Facultad de Ingenieria, Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria) ;
  • Lopez-Barraza, Arturo (Facultad de Ingenieria, Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria) ;
  • Velazquez-Dimas, Juan I. (Facultad de Ingenieria, Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria)
  • 투고 : 2003.11.10
  • 심사 : 2004.06.22
  • 발행 : 2004.06.25

초록

The commonly used seismic design procedures to evaluate the maximum effect of both horizontal components of earthquakes, namely, the Square Root of the Sum of the Squares (SRSS) and the 30-percent (30%) combination rules, are re-evaluated. The maximum seismic responses of four three-dimensional moment resisting steel frames, in terms of the total base shear and the axial loads at interior, lateral and corner columns, are estimated as realistically as possible by simultaneously applying both horizontal components. Then, the abovementioned combination rules and others are evaluated. The numerical study indicates that both, the SRSS rule and the 30% combination method, may underestimate the combined effect. It is observed that the underestimation is more for the SRSS than for the 30% rule. In addition, the underestimation is more for inelastic analysis than for elastic analysis. The underestimation cannot be correlated with the height of the frames or the predominant period of the earthquakes. A basic probabilistic study is performed in order to estimate the accuracy of the 30% rule in the evaluation of the combined effect. Based on the results obtained in this study, it is concluded that the design requirements for the combined effect of the horizontal components, as outlined in some code-specified seismic design procedures, need to be modified. New combination ways are suggested.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Bathe, K.J. (1982), Finite Element Procedures in Engineering Analysis, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
  2. Correnza, J.C., and Hutchinson, G.L. (1994),"Effect of transverse load resisting elements on inelastic response of eccentric-plan buildings", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 23, 75-89. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290230107
  3. Clough, R.W. and Penzien, J. (1993), Dynamic of Structures, 2nd edition, McGraw Hill, New York.
  4. De Steffano, M. and Faella, G. (1996),"An evaluation of the inelastic response of systems under biaxial seismic excitations", Eng. Struct., 18(9), 724-731. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-0296(95)00216-2
  5. Der Kiureghian, A. (1981),"A response spectrum method for random vibration analysis of MDOF systems", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 9, 419-435. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290090503
  6. European Committee for Standardization (ECS), 1998, Eurocode (8): Designs Provisions for Earthquake Resistance of Sructures, Brussels, Belgium.
  7. Fernandez-Davila, I., Cominetti S. and Cruz E.F. (2000),"Considering the bi-directional effect and the seismic angle variations in buildings design", 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, paper 0435.
  8. Gao, L. and Haldar, A. (1995),"Nonlinear seismic response of space structures with PR connections", Int. J. of Microcomputers in Civil Engineering, 10, 27-37. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8667.1995.tb00383.x
  9. Haldar, A. and Mahadevan, S. (2000), Probability, Reliability and Statistical Methods in Engineering Design, John Wiley and Sons, New York.
  10. Hernandez, J.J. and Lopez, O.A. (2003),"Evaluation of combination rules for peak response calculation in threecomponent seismic analysis", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 32, 1585-1602. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.290
  11. International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO), 1997, Uniform Building Code, Structural Engineering Design Provisions, Whittier California.
  12. Kondo, K. and Atluri, S.N. (1987),"Large deformation elasto-plastic analysis of frames under non-conservative loading using explicitly derived tangent stiffness based on assumed stress", Comput. Mech., 2(1), 1-25.
  13. Lopez, O.A. and Torres, R. (1996), Discussion of"A clarification of orthogonal effects in a three-dimensional seismic analysis", Earthquake Spectra, 12, 357-361. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1585887
  14. Lopez, O.A and Torres, R. (1997),"The critical angle of seismic incidence and the maximum structural response", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 26, 881-894. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(199709)26:9<881::AID-EQE674>3.0.CO;2-R
  15. Lopez, O.A., Chopra, A.K. and Hernandez, J.J. (2001)"Evaluation of combination rules for maximum response calculation in multicomponent seismic analysis", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 30, 1379-1398 https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.68
  16. Mahadevan, S. and Haldar, A. (1991),"Stochastic FEM-based evaluation of LRFD", J. Struct. Eng. Div. ASCE, 117(5), 1393-1412. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1991)117:5(1393)
  17. Menun, C. and Der Kiureghian, A. (1998),"A replacement for the 30%, 40% and SRSS rules for multicomponent seismic analysis", Earthquake Spectra, 14(1), 153-156. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1585993
  18. Newmark, N.M. and Hall, W.J. (1982), Earthquake Spectra and Design 1982, Monograph Series, Berkeley California, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.
  19. Newmark, N.M. (1975),"Seismic design criteria for structures and facilities, Trans-Alaska pipeline system", Proc. of the U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering. Earthquake Engineering Institute, 94-103.
  20. Reyes-Salazar, A. (1997),"Inelastic seismic response and ductility evaluation of steel frames with fully, partially restrained and composite connections", Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering and Engineer-ing Mechanics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.
  21. Reyes-Salazar, A., Haldar A. and Romero-Lopez M.R. (2000),"Force reduction factor for SDOF and MDOF", Joint Specialty Conference on Probabilistic Mechanics and Structural Reliability, ASCE, paper 063.
  22. Rosemblueth, E. and Contreras, H. (1977),"Approximate design for multicomponent earthquakes", J. Eng. Mech. Div. ASCE, 103, 895-911.
  23. Smeby, W. and Der Kiureghian, A. (1985),"Modal combination rules for multicomponent earthquake excitation", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 13, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290130103
  24. Uang, C.M. (1991),"Establishing R (or $R_{w}$) and $C_{d}$ factors for building seismic provisions", J. Struct. Eng., 117(1), 19-28. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1991)117:1(19)
  25. Wang, C.H. and Wen, Y.K. (2000),"Seismic response of 3-D steel buildings with connection fractures", 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, paper 814.
  26. Wilson, E. and Button, M. (1982),"Three-dimensional dynamic analysis for multicomponent earthquake spectra", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 10, 471-476. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290100309
  27. Wilson, E.L., Der Kiureghian, A. and Bayo, E.P. (1981),"A replacement for the SRSS method in seismic analysis", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 9,187-194. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290090207
  28. Yamamura, N. and Tanaka, H. (1990),"Response analysis of flexible MDOF systems for multiple-support seismic excitation", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 19, 345-357. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290190305

피인용 문헌

  1. Seismic design of space steel frames using advanced methods of analysis vol.29, pp.1, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2007.12.004
  2. Review of assumptions in simplified multi-component and codified seismic response evaluation procedures vol.19, pp.5, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-015-0190-x
  3. Combination Rules Used to Account for Orthogonal Seismic Effects: State-of-the-Art Review vol.145, pp.11, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0002420
  4. Effects of Seismic Incident Directionality on Ground Motion Characteristics and Responses of a Single-Mass Bi-Degree-of-Freedom System vol.21, pp.9, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219455421501194
  5. Effect of incident directionality on seismic responses and bearing capacity of OLF1000 vol.242, pp.None, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112542