Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회지)

Korean Society of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회)
권호 표지

Effects of Mulberry Leaves Powder on Lipid Metabolism in High Cholesterol-Fed Rats

뽕잎분말이 고콜레스테롤 식이 투여 흰쥐의 지질대사에 미친 영향

  • Kim, Ae-Jung (Department of Food & Nutrition of Hyejeon College) ;
  • Kim, Sun-Yeou (Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyunghee University) ;
  • Choi, Mi-Kyeong (Department of Human Nutrition & Food Science of Chungwoon University) ;
  • Kim, Myung-Hwan (Department of Food Engineering of Dankook University) ;
  • Han, Myung-Ryun (Department of Food Engineering of Dankook University) ;
  • Chung, Kun-Sub (Department of Biological Resources & Technology, Yonsei University)
  • 김애정 (혜전대학 식품영양과) ;
  • 김선여 (경희대학교 동서의학대학원) ;
  • 최미경 (청운대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김명환 (단국대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 한명륜 (단국대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 정건섭 (연세대학교 생물자원공학과)
  • Published : 2005.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Mulberry leaves, high in dietary fiber and some nutritional materials, are thought to have hypocholesterolemic effect. Therefore, effect of mulberry leaf powder on serum lipid profiles were studied using rats with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed AIN-93 diet (control group), and diets containing high-cholesterol and 0% mulberry leaves powder, high-cholesterol and 5% mulberry leaves powder, and high-cholesterol and 10% mulberry leaves powder for 4 weeks. Hypercholesterolemia was induced by adding 1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid to all diets except in control group. Although no differences were observed in food intake and initial body weight among groups, mulberry leaf treatment resulted in significant decreases in food efficiency ratio and body weight gain. Mulberry leaf treatment decreased serum lipid profiles, atherogenic index, cardiac risk factor, low density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, serum aspartate transaminase, and liver lipid levels. High density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, serum HDL-cholesterol, and fecal lipid levels increased, suggesting mulberry leaves could improve hyperlipidemia and liver action, thereby proventing cardiovascular disease.

본 연구에서는 뽕잎분말이 고콜레스테롤 섭취시 생체 내에서의(in vivo) 지질대사 개선에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 흰쥐에 콜레스테롤 1%인 사료를 급여하여 고지혈증을 유발시키면서 뽕잎분말(0, 5, 10%)을 해당사료에 첨가하여 4주간 섭취시켜 혈중 지질성분을 분석하여 비교하였다. 식이섭취량과 시작체중은 군간에 유의차가 없었는데, 체중증가량과 사료효율은 10% 뽕잎첨가군(HC10M)에서 가장 낮았다. 고콜레스테롤 투여군(HC)의 혈청 중성지방, 총 콜레스테롤, LDL-cholesterol 농도는 정상대조군(C)을 포함한 다른 실험군들(HC5M, HC10M)에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 뽕잎분말이 급여된 실험군들(HC5M, HC10M)의 이들 지질 함량은 정상군보다 높았지만 HC군에 비해서는 유의적으로 낮은 수준을 보였다. HDL-cholesterol 함량은 반대의 상반된 결과를 보였다. 심혈관계인자는 고콜레스테롤을 급여한 모든 군(HC, HC5M, HC10M)은 정상대조군(C)과 비교할 때 유의적으로 높아 심혈관계질환의 위험성이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 실험군들(HC5M, HC10M)이 고콜레스테롤 급여 대조군(HC)보다 유의하게 낮았는데, 10% 첨가된 실험군 (HC10M)이 5% 실험군(HC5M)보다 더 효과적이었다. 혈청 AST 활성은 정상대조군에 비해 실험군(HC)에서 유의적으로 높았으며, 뽕잎분말이 투여된 실험군들(HC5M, HC10M)의 경우 정상 대조군(C)에 비해 높았지만 10% 투여군(HC10M)은 정상대조군 수준으로 낮게 나타났다. 혈청 ALT 활성은 정상대조군과 실험 군들간에 유의차가 없었다. 혈청 creatinine 수준은 대조군과 실험군사이에 유의적인 차이가 없었으며 모두 정상수준을 보였다. 고콜레스테롤을 투여한 실험군들(HC, HC5M, HC10M)의 간의 총 지질, 중성지방 및 총 콜레스테롤함량은 정상대조군(C)에 비해 각각 43, 27, 55%씩 증가하였다. 이러한 지방축적 현상은 뽕잎분말의 첨가에 의해 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 그 효과는 농도에 의존적이었다, 고콜레스테롤 투여군(HC)의 분변 중 총 지질과 중성지방 농도는 정상대조군(C)에 비해 다소 높았고, 총 콜레스테롤의 경우는 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 그러나 뽕잎첨가군(HC5M과 HC10M)의 총 지질, 중성지방 및 콜레스테롤 농도는 콜레스테롤 투여군(HC)에 비해 분변으로 배설량이 증가하는 현상을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 살펴보면 뽕잎 분말은 고콜레스테롤식이를 섭취하는 경우 혈청과 간장의 지질수준은 떨어뜨리고, 분변중 지질배설량을 상승시키는 효과가 현저한 것으로 보인다.

Keywords

References

  1. NSOK. Annual Report on the Cause of Death Statistics. Natl. Stat. Office Korea, Seoul, Korea (2003)
  2. NSOK. The Expectancy of Future Population. Nati.l Stat. Office Korea, Seoul, Korea (2002)
  3. Poller L. Fiber and diabetes. Lancet 24: 434-435 (1970)
  4. Shin DH. The research and prospect of natural antioxidants. Bull. Food Technol. 8: 28-33 (1996)
  5. Kim YJ. The protect the living organ from free radicals and the failure of protection: age-related disease. Bull. Food Technol. 10: 4-26 (1997)
  6. Buring JE, Henekens CH. Antioxidant vitamins and cardiovascular disease. Nutr. Rev. 55: S53-S60 (1997) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1997.tb06103.x
  7. Jacques PF, Halpner AD, Blumberg JB. Influence of combined antioxidant nutrient intake on their plasma concentrations in an elderly population. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 62: 1228-1233 (1995) https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/62.6.1228
  8. St Leger AS, Cochrance AL, Moore F. Factors associated with cardiac mortality in developed countries with particular reference to the consumption of wine. Lancet 1: 1017-1020 (1979)
  9. Hertog MGL, Kromhout D, Aravanis C, Blackburn H, Buzina R, Fidanza F, Giampaoli S, Jansen A, Menotti A, Nedeljkovic S. Flavonoid intake and long-term risk of coronary heart disease and cancer in the seven countries study. Arch. Int. Med. 155: 381-386 (1995) https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.155.4.381
  10. Tijburg LB, Mattern T, Folts JD, Weisgerber UM, Katan MB. Tea flavonoids and cardiovascular disease: a review. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 37: 771-785 (1997) https://doi.org/10.1080/10408399709527802
  11. Glowinska B, Urban M, Koput A. Cardiovascular risk factors in children with obesity, hypertension an diabetes: lipoprotein(a) levels and body mass index correlate with family history of cardiovascular disease. Eur. J. Pediatr. 161: 511-518 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-002-1040-7
  12. Hertog MGL, Feskens EJM, Hollman PCH, Katan MB, Kromhout D. Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: the Zutphen elderly study. Lancet 342: 1007-1011 (1993) https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)92876-U
  13. Kono S, Shinchi K, Wakabayashi K, Miura S, Umegaki K, Hara Y, Imanishi K, Nishikawa H, Ogawa S, Katsurada M. Relation of green tea consumption to serum lipids and lipoproteins in Japanese men. J. Epidemiol. 6: 128-133 (1996) https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.6.128
  14. Green MS, Harari G. Association of serum lipoproteins and health-related habits with coffee and tea consumption in free-living subjects examined in the Israeli CRDIS study. Prev. Med. 21: 532-545 (1992) https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-7435(92)90061-L
  15. Kono S, Shinchi K, Ikeda N, Yanai F, Imanishi K. Green tea consumption and serum lipid profiles: a cross-sectional study in northern Kyushu, Japan. Prev. Med. 21: 526-531 (1992) https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-7435(92)90060-U
  16. Yang TT, Koo MW. Hypocholesterolemic effects of Chinese tea. Phamacol. Rev. 35: 505-512 (1997)
  17. Yamaguchi Y, Hayashi M, Yamazoe H, Kunitomo M. Preventive effects of green tea extract on lipid abnormalities in serum, liver and aorta of mice fed a atherogenic diet. Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. 7: 329-337 (1991)
  18. Yang TT, Koo MW. Chinese green tea lowers cholesterol level through an increase in fecal lipid extraction. Life Sci. 66: 411-423 (2000)
  19. Yang M, Wang C, Chen H. Green, oolong and black tea extracts modulate lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemia rats fed high-sucrose diet. J. Nutr. Biochem. 12: 14-20 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2863(00)00140-6
  20. Sayama K, Lin S, Zheng G, Oguni I. Effects of green tea on growth, food utilization and lipid metabolism in mice. In Vivo. 14: 481-484 (2000)
  21. Kao YH, Hiipakka RA, Liao. Modulation of endocrine systems and food intake by green tea epigallocatechin gallate. Endocrinology 141: 980-987 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1210/en.141.3.980
  22. Y SK, Kim MJ, Kim JW, Lee SJ. Effects of YK-209 mulberry leaves on disaccharidase activities of small intestine and blood glucose-lowering in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 31: 107-1099 (2002)
  23. Lee WC, Kim AJ, Kim SY. The study on the functional materials and effects of mulberry leaf. Food Sci. Ind. 36: 2-14 (2003)
  24. Rudel L, Morris MD. Determination of cholesterol using 0phthalaldehyde. J. Lipid Res. 14: 364-366 (1973)
  25. Noma A, Nakayama KN, Kita M, Okabe H. Simultaneous determination of serum cholesterol in high and low density lipoprotein with use of heparin, $Ca^{2+}$ and an anion exchange resin. Clin. Chem. 24: 1504-1510 (1978)
  26. Kim YE, Oh SW, Kwon EK, Han DS, Kim IH, Lee CH. Effects of green tea, buckwheat and grape leaves extracts on lipid metabolism, antioxidative capacity, and antithrombotic activity in rats fed high cholesterol diets. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 36: 979-985 (2004)
  27. Kang IJ, Kim HK, Chung CK, Kim SJ, Oh DH. Effects of protaetia oriental is larva on the lipid metabolism in ethanol administered rats. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci .Nutr. 29: 479-484 (2000)
  28. Barltrop D, Khoo HE. The influence of nutritional factors on lead absorption. Postgrad. Med. J. 51: 795-800 (1975) https://doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.51.601.795
  29. Kim MJ, Cho SY, Jang JY, Park JY, Park EM, Lee MK, Kim DJ. Effect of water extract of green tea, persimmon leaf and safflower seed on heme synthesis and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities in lead-administered rats. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 107: 1779-1785 (2003)
  30. Tall AR. Plasma high density lipoproteins metabolism and relationship to atherogenesis. J. Clin. Invest. 86: 379-384 (1990) https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI114722
  31. Russell DW, Setchell KDR. Bile acid biosynthesis. Biochem. 31: 4737-4749 (1992) https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00135a001
  32. Rosenfeld L. Lipoprotein analysis. Arch. Pathol. Lab Med. 113: 1101-1110 (1989)
  33. Yun YP, Kang WS, Lee MY. The antithrombotic effects of green tea catechins. J. Food Hyg. Safety 11: 77-82 (1996)
  34. Takeda Y, Ichihara A, Taioka H, Inove H. The biochemistry of animal cells, the effect of corticosteroids on leakage of enzyme from dispersed rat liver cell. J. BioI. Chem. 239: 3590-3596 (1964)
  35. Kwon JY, Ann IS, Park KY, Cheigh HS, Song YO. The beneficial effects of pectin on obesity in vitro and in vivo. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 34: 13-20 (2005) https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2005.34.1.013
  36. Cassidy MM, Calvert RJ. Effects of dietary fiber on intestinal absorption of lipids. pp. 153-162. In: CRC handbook of dietary fiber in human nutrition 2nd ed. Spiller GA (ed). CRC Press, New York, NY, USA (1993)