Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회지)

Korean Society of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회)
권호 표지

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Two Tonic Formula on the Forced-Swimming Capacity of Rats

자양강장용 기능성 식품이 흰쥐의 강제수영 능력에 미치는 영향

  • Published : 2005.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Effects of two types of formula designed for commercial product on forced-swimming capacity and related biochemical parameters of Sprague-Dawley rats were evaluated. Treatment groups were fed diet supplemented with 4.56% formula A (EFA: exercise-trained and formula A-supplemented group) or B (EFB: exercise-trained and formula B-supplemented group) for 4 weeks. All groups were regularly trained twice a week to be accustomed to swimming. After 4 weeks, each group was divided into two subgroups: 90 min swimming (90-min subgroups) and swimming until exhaustion (all-out subgroups). Serum was collected, and skeletal muscles were dissected out after swimming. Forced-swimming time until exhaustion was significantly longer (p<0.05) in EFA and EFB groups than that of exercised control group. Among 90-min subgroups, serum ammonia level of EFB group was significantly lower than that of exercised control group (p<0.05). Among all-out subgroups, serum lactate levels were not significantly different among exercised control and treatment groups, whereas serum-free fatty acid levels of EFA and EFB groups were significantly lower than that of exercised control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, EFA and EFB groups enhanced forced swimming capacity of rats by increasing fat utilization and delaying accumulation of serum fatigue factor.

본 연구는 식품소재로의 이용 가능한 천연물을 이용하여 두 종류의 자양강장용 식품(formula A와 formula B)을 배합하고 복합물의 효능을 평가하였다. 실험 결과, EC군에 비하여 EFA군과 EFB군의 강제 수영능력시간이 각각 평균 42%와 38% 증가되는 유의적으로 높은 수영능력을 보였으며(p<0,05), 90분간 수영을 한 군(90-min subgroups)에서 EC군에 비하여 EFA군 및 EFB군의 혈청 유리지방산과 중성지방의 농도가 유의적으로 낮았고(p<0.05), EFB군의 혈청 암모니아의 농도가 EC군에 비하여 유의하게 낮은 수치를 보였다(p<0.05). 또한, EFB군의 근육 글리코겐 농도가 EC군에 비하여 높은 경향을 보였으나, 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 본 연구에서 선정한 복합물 2종은 실험동물의 체내 중성지방으로부터 유리지방산으로의 전환을 촉진하여 단백질과 포도당을 절약하고, 에너지 생성 및 공급 효율 증가, 운동으로 야기되는 체조직 손상 억제 그리고 피로물질 축적 지연 등의 효과를 가져와 강제수영능력을 증가시킨 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Jang KW, Park SH, Ha SD. Market trends In functional foods. Food Sci. Ind. 36: 17-25 (2003)
  2. Park HA. Evidence based dietary supplements for fatigue and sexual function. J. Korean Acad. Fam. Med. 24: 786-799 (2003)
  3. NamKung S. A study on the recognition for health food of residents in Seoul area. J. East. Asian Soc. Dietary Life 11: 446-454 (2001)
  4. Lee CH, Park DG, Kim KH, Lee KW. A study on drug use as a sport-deviation. J. Leis. Recre. Stu. 21: 161-177 (2001)
  5. Linda MO. Nutraceuticals and functional foods: More for the sport. Food Technol. 57: 63-68 (2003)
  6. Elizabeth AS. The top 10 functional food trends: the next generation. Food Technol. 56: 32-56 (2002)
  7. Hill JO, Peters JC, Swift LL, Yang D, Sharp T, Abumrad N, Greene HL. Changes in blood lipids during six days of overfeeding with medium or long chin triglycerides. J. Lipid Res. 31: 407-416 (1990)
  8. Jee YS, Urn SY, Kim SS. The effect of aerobic training & MCT, LCT supplement on exercise performance, energy substrate changes in rats. Korean J. Sports Med. 20: 57-64 (2002)
  9. Jenkins AB, Storlien LH, Cooney GJ, Dnyer GS, Carerson ID, Kraegen EW. Effect of blockade of fatty acid oxidation on whole body and tissue specific glucose metabolism in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 265: E592-E600 (1993)
  10. Ann ES, Ann BC, Kim WS, Lee H, Je SY, Park KM, Lee SW. The effect of octacosanol administration on endurance exercise capacity. Korean J. Exerc. Nutr. 3: 85-94 (1999)
  11. Kahir Y, Kimura S. Distrihution of radioactive octacosanol in response to exercise in rats. Nahrung 38: 373-377 (1994) https://doi.org/10.1002/food.19940380404
  12. Yoo CJ, Yang JO. The effect of Acanthopanax teas on cardiovascular fitness in college students. J. KAHPERD 38: 562-571 (1999)
  13. de la Puerta R, Martinez-Dominguez E, Ruiz-Gutierrez V. Erfect of minor components of virgin olive oil on topical antiinflammatory assays. Z. Naturforsch. 55: 814-819 (2000)
  14. Reeves PG. Components of the AIN-93 diets as improvements in the AIN-76A diet. J. Nutr. 127: 838S-841S (1997) https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/127.5.838S
  15. Matsumoto K, Ishihara K, Tanaka K, Inoue K, lushiki T. An adjustable-current swimming pool tor the evaluation of endurance capacity of mice. J. Appl. Physiol. 81: 1843-1849 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1996.81.4.1843
  16. Chun Y, Yin ZD. Glycogen assay for diagnosis of female genital chlamydia trachomatis infection. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36: 1981-1982 (1998)
  17. Kawaguchi A, Hosaka K, Kikuchi T, Soda K, Okuda S. An enzymic cycling method for the determination of free fatly acids with acyl-CoA synthetase and acyl-CoA hydrolase. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 94: 487-492 (1983) https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a134379
  18. Trinder P. Determination of blood glucose using 4-amino phenazone as oxygen acceptor. J. Clin. Pathol. 22: 246 (1969)
  19. Tietz Nw. Clinical guide to laboratory tests. 3rd ed. WB. Saunders CO., philadelphia, PA, USA. pp. 180, 181, 382-383, 486 (1995)
  20. Howanitz JH, Howanitz PJ, Skrodzki CA, Iwanski JA. Influences of specimen processing and storage conditions on results for plasma ammonia. Clin. Chem. 30: 906-908 (1984)
  21. Pesce A, Mckay RH, Stolzenbach F, Cahn RD, Kaplan NO. The comparative enzymology of lactic dehydrogenases. I. Properties of the crystalline beef and chicken enzymes. J. BioI. Chem. 239: 1753-1761 (1964)
  22. Srere PA. Citrate synthase. Method in Enzymol. 13: 3-11 (1969) https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(69)13005-0
  23. Crozier G, Bois-joyeux B, Chanez M, Girard J, Peret J. Metabolic effects induced by long-term feeding of medium-chain triglycerides in the rat. Metabolism 36: 807-814 (1987) https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0495(87)90122-3
  24. Baba N, Bracco EF, Hashim SA. Enhanced thermogenesis and diminished deposition of fat in response to overfeeding with diet containing medium chain triglyceride. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 35: 678-682 (1982) https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/35.4.678
  25. Park H, Kim J. Effects of squalene supplementation on antioxidative capacity and blood profiles. Korean J. Exerc. Nutr. 6: 197-203 (2002)
  26. Jung K, Kim IH, Han D. Effect of medicinal plant extracts on forced swimming capacity in mice . J. Ethnopharmacol. 93: 75-81 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.03.022
  27. Ha BJ, Ha JM, Lee SH, Lee JY, Park SY. Protective effects of Saururs chinensis Baill extracts on liver cell. J. Fd. Hyg. Safety. 18: 177-182 (2003)
  28. Song YJ, Han DS, Oh SW, Paik IY, Park TS. Effect of dietary supplementation of Eleutherococcus senticosus, taurine and carnitine on endurance exercise performance in rats. Korean J. Nutr. 35: 825-833 (2002)
  29. Kwak YS. The effect of MCT (medium chain triglycerides) supplements on physical performance time, ffa, lipase and insulin hormone levels. J. KAHPERD 40: 943-951 (2001)
  30. Taylor .JC, Rapport L, Lockwood GB. Octacosanol in human health. Nutrition 19: 192-195 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-9007(02)00869-9
  31. Choi JW, Kim YS, Lee KM, Kim HJ. The effects of Red-ginseng intaking on free radical produced during aerobic exercise in the elderly. J. Ginseng Res. 28: 27-32 (2004) https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2004.28.1.027
  32. Shin KS, Park PJ, Boo HO, Ko JY, Han SS. Chemical components and comparison of biological activities on the fruit of natural bogbunja. Korean. J. Plant. Res. 16: 109-117 (2003)
  33. Lee HM, Paik IY, Park TS. Effects of dietary supplementation of taurine, carnitine or glutamine on endurance exercise performance and fatigue parameters in athletes. Korean J. Nutr. 36: 711-719 (2003)
  34. Berning JR. The role of medium-chain triglycerides in exercise. Int. J. Sport Nutr. 6: 121-133 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.6.2.121
  35. Coyle EF, Hagberg JM, Hurley BF, Martin WH, Ehsani AA, Holloszy .JO. Carbohydrate feeding during prolonged strenuous exercise can delay fatigue. J. Appl. Physiol. 55: 230-235 (1983) https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1983.55.1.230
  36. Kim H, Park S, Han DS, Park T. Octacosanol supplementation increases running endurance time and improves biochemical parameters after exhaustion in trained rats. J. Med. Food. 6: 345-351 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1089/109662003772519903
  37. Kang DH. Physiology. Sinkwang Publishing Co. Seoul, Korea. pp. 14.1-14.8 (2000)
  38. Cha YS, Shon HS. Exercise and/or high fat diet affect on lipid and carnitine metabolism in rats. Food Ind. Nutr. 5: 37-43 (2000)
  39. Costa CG, Dorland L, de Almeida IT, Jakobs C, Duran M, Poll-The BT. The effect of fasting, long-chain triglyceride load and carnitine load on plasma long-chain acylcarnitine levels in mitochondrial very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency . J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. 21: 391-399 (1998) https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005354624735
  40. Duke, James A. Handbook of medicinal herbs. CRC Press, INC. Boca Raton, Florida, USA. pp. 133-134 (1985)
  41. Huxtable R.J. Physiological actions of taurine. Physiol. Rev. 72: 101-163 (1992) https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1992.72.1.101
  42. Asano K, Takahashi T, Miyashita M, Matsuzaka A, Muramatsu S, Kuboyama M, Kugo H, Imai J. Effect of Eleutherococcus senticosus extract on human physical working capacity. Planta. Med. 3: 175-177 (1986)
  43. Walliman T, Wyss M, Brdiczka D, Nicolay K, Eppenberger HM. Intracellular compartmentation, structure and function of creatine kinase isoenzymes in tissues with high and fluctuating energy demands: the 'phosphocreatine circuit' for cellular energy homeostasis. Biochem. J. 281: 21-40 (1992) https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2810021
  44. Maclaren DP, Gibson H, Parry-Billings M, Edwards RH. A review of metabolism and physiological factors in fatigue. Exerc. Sport. Sci. Rev. 17: 29-66 (1989)
  45. Lancha AH Jr, Recco MB, Abdalla DS, Curi R. Effect of aspartate, asparagine, and camitine supplementation in the diet on metabolism of skeletal muscle during a moderate exercise. Physiol. Behav. 57: 367-371 (1995) https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(94)00243-X
  46. Chai JW, Lim KB. The effects of long-term oral creatine supplementation and weight training on muscle mass, body composition and resting metabolic rates. Korean J. Sports Med. 22: 21-28 (2004)
  47. Spriet LL, Heigenhauser GJ. Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase(PDH) activity in human skeletal muscle during exercise. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. 30: 91-95 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1097/00003677-200204000-00009
  48. James LG, Sareen SG. Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism. 3rd ed. Wadsworth/Thomson Learning Press, Belmont, CA, USA. pp. 220-244 (1999)