Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Hepatoprotective Effects of White and Red Ginseng Extracts on Acetaminophen-induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice

Acetaminophen 유도 간독성에 대한 백삼과 홍삼 추출물의 간보호 효과

  • Seong, Geum-Su (H&BT Korea Co. Ltd., Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology) ;
  • Chun, Seung-Gi (Department of Chemistry, Gunsan National University) ;
  • Chang, Che-Chul (Department of Chemistry, Gunsan National University)
  • Published : 2005.09.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Acetaminophen(APAP) is one of the most extensively used analgesics and antipyreics worldwide. In order to investigate preventive effects of white and red ginseng extracts, male ICR mice pretreated with white or red ginseng extracts(50 or 250 mg/kg/day, for 5 days, orally) before treatment with acetaminophen(800mg/kg, i.p, single dose). In an attempt to elucidate the possible mechanism of hepatoprotective effect, superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), hydroperoxide, malondialdehyde(MDA) contents were studied. In pretreatment with red ginseng extract(250 mg/kg), the activities of SOD, CAT were generally highest and the hydrogen peroxide content was lowest. The levels of MDA were significantly lower in white and red ginseng extract groups than those in the APAP groups. By treatment with ginseng extract, high content of hydrogen peroxide and increased lipid peroxidatiion level caused by APAP could be lowered. Also, ginseng extracts were found to increase antioxidative enzyme activity. Finally, the results suggest that the antioxidant effects of (white and red) ginseng extracts prevent oxidative damage by direct antioxidant effects involving SOD, CAT and increasing the ability to synthesize endogenous antioxidants. It was concluded that ginseng can protect against APAP intoxication through its antioxidant properties.

백삼과 홍삼 추출물이 APAP에 의한 산화적 급성 간손상에 대한 보호효과를 마우스를 대상으로 검토한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 백삼과 홍삼 추출물의 간장보호 활성에 관한 기전을 규명하고자 항산화효소인 SOD, CAT의 활성도는 APAP를 복강 주사한 실험군에서 대조군에 비해 효소활성이 감소하였고, 백삼과 홍삼추출물을 전처리한 실험군에서는 APAP군에 비해 효소 활성도가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 2. 지질과산화물의 함량은 APAP를 복강 주사한 실험군이 대조군에 비해 유의성 있게 증가하였고 백삼과 홍삼 추출물을 전처리한 실험군에서는 APAP군에 비해 지질과산화물의 생성을 유의성 있게 억제하였다. 3. 백삼과 홍삼 추출물의 투여량을 각각 50mg/kg, 250mg/kg으로 최대 5일간 전처리하여 APAP의 급성 간손상에 대한 보호효과를 조사한 결과 인삼 추출물의 투여량에는 크게 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 보였다. 따라서 백삼과 홍삼 추출물은 APAP의 활성 대사체에 의한 급성 산화적 간손상을 억제하였으며, 이는 인삼 추출물 성분이 항산화 효소와 항산화물질로 구성된 항산화 방어 체계를 통한 것임을 알 수 있다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 백삼과 홍삼 추출물이 간장 보호제로서의 개발 가능성이 있으며, APAP중독에 매우 효과적인 치료제로서 임상에서 활용될 수 있다고 생각된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Davis, M. : Protective agents for acetaminophen overdoes, Semin Liver Dis. 6, 138-147, (1986) https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1040597
  2. Mine, D. J., Kissinger, P. T. : Evidence for the involvement of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine in acetaminophen metabolism, Biochem. Pharmaccol. 28, 3285-3290,(1979) https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(79)90123-0
  3. Jollow, D. J., Mitchell, J. R and Potter, W. Z.: Acetaminophen-induced hepatic necrosis. Role of covalent bindingin vivo. J. Pharmacol Exp Ther. 187, 195-202 (1973)
  4. Mitchell, J. R, Thorgeirsson, S. S., Potter, W. Z., Jollow, D. J. and Kaiser, H. : Acetaminophen- induced hepatic injury protective role glutathine in man and rationale for theraphy. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 16, 676-684 (1974) https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt1974164676
  5. Hong, R. W., Rounds, J. D., Helton, W. S., Robinson, M. K. and Wilmore, D. W. : Glutamine preserves liver glutathione after lethal hepatic injury. Ann. Surg. 215, 114-119 (1992) https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-199202000-00004
  6. Park, M. G. : Korean ginseng. p. 63-82, Korean ginseng research institude (1994)
  7. Sung, K. S., Ghun, C., Kwon, Y. H, Kim, K. H., and Chang, C. C.: Effect of red ginseng component on antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation in the liver of mouse.J. Ginseng Res, 24, 29-34 (2000)
  8. Lee, H. J., Kim, D. Y. and Chang, C. C. : Antioxidant effects of korean red ginseng components on the antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation in the liver of mouse treated with paraquat., 23, 182-189 (1999)
  9. Sung, K. S., Chun C., Kwon, Y. H, and Chang, C. C. : Effects of red ginseng component administration on lipid peroxidation levels in mice liver.J. Ginseng Res, 24, 176-182 (2000)
  10. Kim, K. H., Sung G. S. and Chang, C. C.: Effects of the antioxidative components to ginsenoside in the liver of 40-week old mice. J. Ginseng Res, 24, 162-167 (2000)
  11. Kim, D. U. and Chang, C. C. : Radioprotective effect of the ginseng components on antioxidant enzymes, glutathione and lipid peroxidation of liver in ${\gamma}$-irradiated mice. J Ginseng Res, 22, 1-10 (1998)
  12. Flohe, L. and Otting, F.: Superoxide dismutase assays. Methods in Enzymology, 105, 93-104 (1984) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(84)05013-8
  13. Wolff, S. P. : Ferrous ion oxidation in presence of ferric ion indicator xylenol orange for measurement of hydroperoxides. Methods in Enzymology, 233, 182-189 (1994) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(94)33021-2
  14. Aebi, H. E. : CAT. Insight: Methode of enzymatic an analysis. p. 273-285, H. U. Bergmyer, ed. Third edition. Vol 3. Verlag. Chemi. Weinheim (1982)
  15. Sedlak: S. and Lindsay, R H. : Estimation of total, proteinbound, and nonprotein sulfhydryl groups in tissue with Ellman's reagent. Anal. Biochem., 25, 192-205 (1968) https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(68)90092-4
  16. Ge'rard-Monnier, D., Erdelmeier, I., Re'gnard, K., MozeHenry, N., Yadan, J. C. and Chaudie're, J. : Reactions of 1methyl-2-phenylindole with malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxyalkenals. Analytical applications to a colorimetric assay of lipid peroxidation. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 11,1176-1183 (1998) https://doi.org/10.1021/tx9701790
  17. Bradford, M. M.: A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. J. Anal. Bioehem, 72, 248-254 (1976) https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
  18. Oleg, M., Miriam, W. L., Kenneth, R., Laishun, C., Ghung, Y. and Masayori, I.: Acetaminophen toxicity. The Journal Biological Chemistry, 274, 10348-10335 (1999)
  19. Rahe ja, K. L,. Linscheer, W. G., Cho, C. D. and Mahany, D. : Protective effect of propylthiouracill independent of its hypothyroid effect on acetaminophen toxicity in the rat. The journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 220, 427-433 (1981)
  20. Yonamine, M., Aniya, Y., Yokomakura, T., Koyama, T., Nag- amine, T. and Nakanishi, H. : Acetaminophen-derived activation of liver microsomal glutathione S-transferse of rats. Jpn. J. Pharmacol., 72, 175-181 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1254/jjp.72.175
  21. Fisher, L. j., Green, M. D. and Harman, A. w.: Levels of acetaminophen and its metabolites in mouse tissues after a toxic does. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 221, 407-413 (1982)
  22. Yung, J. H., Chiu, L. C. and Ooi, V.e. : Effect of polysaccaride peptide on glutathione and protection against paracetamolinduced hepatotoxity in the rat. Clin. Pharmacol, 16, 723-729 (1994)
  23. Vendemiale, G., Altomare, E., Grattagliano, I. and Albano, O. : Increased plasma levels of glutathione and malondialdehyde after acute ethanol ingestion in humans. J. Hepatol., 9,359-365 (1989) https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-8278(89)90146-3
  24. Kim, D. J. : Effect of red ginseng saponins on antioxidative enzymes and materials in the liver of mice treated with paraquat. Ph D. thesis, Univ. of Gunsan (2000)

Cited by

  1. Protective Effect of Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. on Hepatotoxicity by Carbon Tetrachloride vol.33, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.13103/JFHS.2018.33.1.77