References
- Chua, S. and Leibel, R. L. (1997) Obesity genes: molecular and metabolic mechanisms. Diabetes Rev. 5, 2-7
- Kelley, D. E. and Mandarino, L. J. (2000) Fuel selection in human skeletal muscle in insulin resistance: a reexamination. Diabetes 49, 677-683 https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.49.5.677
- Kelley, D. E., Thaete, F. L., Troost, F., Huwe, T. and Goodpaster, B. H. (2000) Subdivisions of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue and insulin resistance. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 278, 941-948
- Kim, J. Y., Nolte, L. A., Hansen, P. A., Han, D. H., Kawanaka, K. and Holloszy, J. O. (1999) Insulin resistance of muscle glucose transport in male and female rats fed a high-sucrose diet. Am. J. Physiol. 276, 665-672
- Kim, J. Y., Nolte, L. A., Hansen, P. A., Han, D. H., Ferguson, K. and Holloszy, J. O.(2000) High tat diet induced muscle insulin resistance: Relationship to visceral fat mass. Am. J. Physiol. 279, 2057-2063
- Storlien, L. H., Baur, L. A., Kriketos, A. D., Pan, D. A., Cooney, G. J., Jenkins, A. B., Calvert, G.D. and Campbell L.Y.(1996) Dietary fats and insulin action. Diabetologia 39, 621-631 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00418533
- Pan, D. A., Lillioja, S., Kriketos, A. D., Milner, M. R., Baur, L. A., Bogardus C., Jenkins, A. B. and Storlien, L. H. (1997) Skeletal muscle triglyceride levels are inversely related to insulin action. Diabetes 46, 983-988 https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.46.6.983
- Raz, I., Eldor, R., Cemea, S. and Shafrir, E. (2005) Diabetes: insulin resistance and derangements in lipid metabolism. Cure through intervention in fat transport and storage. Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. 21, 3-14 https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.493
- Lee, C. H., Choi, B. K., Lee, W. C., Park, C.I., Yuziro F. and Kimura, S. (1992) Effect of dietary protein levels, caffeine and green tea on body fat deposition in Wistar Rats. J. Korean Soc. Food Nutr. 21, 595-600
- Jeon J. R. and Park, G. S. (1999) Korean green tea by Ku Jeung Ku Po's 1. Analysis of general compositions and chemical compositions. Korean J. Soc. Food Sci. 15, 95-101
- Sin, M. K., and Jung, W. H. (2000) The effect on rats serum lipid of treadmill exercise and green tea extracts intake with high tat diet. J. Korean Soc. Food Nutr. 29, 683-690
- Dullo, A. G., Duret, C., Rohrer, D., et al.(1999) Efficacy of a green tea extract rich in catechin polyphenols and caffeine in increasing 24-h energy expenditure and fat oxidation in humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 70, 1040-1045
- Dullo, A. G., Seydoux, J., Girardier, L., Chantre, P. and Vandermander, J. (2000) Green tea and thermogenesis: interactions between catechin-polyphenols, caffeine and sympathetic activity. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord 24, 252-258 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0801101
- Kao, Y. H., Hiipakka, R. A. and Liao, S. (2000) Modulation of obesity by a green tea catechin. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 72, 1232-1234, 2000
- Sayama, K., Lin, S., Zheng, G. and Oguni, I. (2000) Effects of green tea on growth, food utilization and lipid metabolism in mice. In Vivo 14, 481-484
- Chantre, P. and Lairon, D. (2002) Recent findings of green tea extract AR25 (Exolise) and its activity for the treatment of obesity. Phytomedicine 9, 3-8 https://doi.org/10.1078/0944-7113-00078
- Kim, E. S. and Kim, M. K. (1999) Effect of dried leaf powders and ethanol extracts of Persimmon, green tea and pine needle on lipid metabolism and antioxidative capacity in rats. Korean J. Nutrition 32, 337-352
- Lee, E. (2003) Effects of powdered pine needle (pinus densiflora seib et Zucc.) on serum and liver lipid composition and antioxidative capacity in rats fed high oxidized fat. J. Korean Soc. Food Nutr. 32, 926-930
-
Bernfeldt, P. (1955) Amylase,
$\alpha$ and$\beta$ , Methods in Enzymology 1, 149-150 https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(55)01021-5 - Yamamoto, M., Shimura, S., Itoh, Y., Ohsaka, T., Egawa, M. and Inoue, S. (2000) Anti-obesity effects of lipase inhibitor CT-II, an extract from edible herbs, Nomame Herba, on rats fed a high-tat diet. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord 24, 758-764 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0801222
- Kim, S. M. and Cho, Y. S. (1999) Effect of pine needle extract on Fe ion and active oxygen related lipid oxidation in oil emulsion. Korean J-Harvest Sci Technol. Agri. Products 6, 115-120
- Bates, S. H., Jones, R. B. and Bailey, C. J. (2000) Insuln-like effect of pinitol. Br. J. Pharmacol. 130, 1944-1948 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0703523
- Davis, A., Christiansen, M., Horowitz, J. E, Klein, S., Hellerstein, M. K. and Ostlund, R. E. Jr.(2000) Effect of pinitol treatment on insulin action in subjects with insulin resistance. Diabetes Care 23, 1000-1005 https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.23.7.1000
- Gupta, S., Saha, A. and Girl, A. K. (2002) Comparative antimutagenic and anticlastogenic effects of green tea and black tea: A review. Mutation Research 512, 37-65 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5742(02)00024-8
- Lee, Y. J., An, M. S. and Hong K. H. (1998) A sudy on the content of general compounds, amino acid, vitamins, catechins, alkaloids in green, Oolong and black tea. J. Fd. Hyg. Safety 13, 377-382
- Jang, E. C. (2003) Effects of black tea on body weight gain and visceral tat mass in rats. Korean J. Physical Edu. 41, 507-514
- Balentine, D. A., Ho, C. T., Lee, C. Y. and Huang, M. T. (1991) Phenolic compounds in food and their effect on health analysis, occurrence and chemistry. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp. 102-116
- Yang, M. H., Wang, C. H. and Chen, H. L., (2001) Green, oolong and black tea extracts modulate lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemia rats fed high-sucrose diet. J. Nutr. Biochem. 12, 14-20 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2863(00)00140-6
- Horton, T. J. and Geissler, C. A. (1996) Post-prandial thermogenesis with ephedrine, caffeine and aspirin in lean, predisposed obese and obese women. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord 20, 91-97