Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP (대한전자공학회논문지SP)

The Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers (대한전자공학회)
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A Quantization-adaptive Watermarking Algorithm to Protect MPEG Moving Picture Contents

MPEG 동영상 컨텐츠 보호를 위한 양자화-적응적 워터마킹 알고리즘

  • Published : 2005.11.01
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Abstract

This paper proposed a blind watermarking method for video contents which satisfies both the invisibility and the robustness to attacks to prohibit counterfeiting, modification, illegal usage and illegal re-production of video contents. This watermarking algorithm targets MPEG compression system and was designed to control the amount of watermarking to be inserted according to the adaptive quantization scale code to follow the adaptive quantization of the compression system. The inserting positions of the watermark were chosen by considering the frequency property of an image and horizontal, vertical and diagonal property of a $8{\times}8$ image block. Also the amount of watermarking for each watermark bit was decided by considering the quantization step. This algorithm was implemented by C++ and experimented for invisibility and robustness with MPEG-2 system. The experiment results showed that the method satisfied enough the invisibility of the inserted watermark and robustness against attacks. For the general attacks, the error rate of the extracted watermark was less than $10\%$, which is enough in robustness against the attacks. Therefore, this algorithm is expected to be used effectively as a part in many MPEG systems for real-time watermarking, especially in the sensitive applications to the network environments.

본 논문에서는 동영상 컨텐츠의 위${\cdot}$변조, 불법사용 및 복제를 방지하기 위하여 비가시성과 공격에 대한 강인성을 동시에 만족하는 blind 워터마킹 방법을 제안하였다. 이 방법은 MPEG-2 동영상 압축시스템을 대상으로 하며, 이 압축시스템의 적응적 양자화에 부합하도록 양자화 스케일 코드에 따라 삽입할 워터마크 비트 수를 조절하도록 설계하였다. 워터마크의 삽입위치는 영상의 주파수 특성에 따라 삽입할 영상블록을 선정하고, 선정된 영상블록의 가로, 세로, 대각선의 주파수 특성과 블록내의 각 계수의 주파수 특성을 고려하여 계수를 선정하였다. 또한 각 계수에 삽입할 워터마크 비트 수는 양자화 스텝을 고려하여 결정하였다. 이 알고리즘은 C/C++ 언어로 구현하였으며, 자체 제작한 MPEG-2 시스템을 테스트 베드로 하여 비가시성과 강인성을 실험하였다. 실험결과 삽입한 워터마크의 비가시성이 충분히 만족되었고, 일반적인 공격방법에 대해 추출된 워터마크의 에러율이 $10\%$ 이하의 강인성을 보였다. 따라서 제안한 방법은 MPEG-2 시스템을 사용하는 동영상 압축, 특히 네트워크 적응적 압축이 필요한 응용분야에서 매우 유용하게 사용될 수 있으리라 사료된다.

Keywords

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