DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Consumer Perceptions of Food-Related Hazards and Correlates of Degree of Concerns about Food

주부의 식품안전에 대한 인식과 안전성우려의 관련 요인

  • 최정숙 (농촌진흥청 농촌자원개발연구소) ;
  • 전혜경 (농촌진흥청 농촌자원개발연구소) ;
  • 황대용 (농촌진흥청 농촌자원개발연구소) ;
  • 남희정 (농촌진흥청 농촌자원개발연구소)
  • Published : 2005.01.01

Abstract

This survey was conducted to assess the consumer perceptions of food-related hazard in 500 housewives from all over Korea. The subjects were selected by stratified random sampling method. The survey was performed using structured questionnaire through telephone interview by skilled interviewers. The results showed that 34.6% of the respondents felt secure and were not concerned about food safety, and 65.4% were concerned about food safety. Logistic regression analysis showed that the increasing concern on food brands, food additives (such as food preservatives and artificial color), and imported foodstuffs indicated the current increasing concern on food safety. Other related factors indicating the increasing concern on food safety were education level and care for children's health. The respondents who cared about food safety expressed a high degree of concern on processed foodstuffs such as commercial boxed lunch (93.3%), imported foods (92.7%), fastfoods (89.9%), processed meat products (88.7%), dining out (85.6%), cannery and frozen foods (83.5%), and instant foods (82.0%). The lowest degree of concern was on rice. All the respondents perceived that residues of chemical substances such as pesticides and food additives, and endocrine disrupters were the most potential food risk factors, followed by food-borne pathogens, and GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms). However, these results were not consistent with scientific judgment. Therefore, more education and information were needed for consumers' awareness of facts and myths about food safety. In addition, the results showed that consumers put lower trust in food products information such as food labels, cultivation methods (organic or not), quality labels, and the place of origin. Nevertheless, the respondents expressed their desire to overcome alienation, and recognized the importance of knowing of the origin or the producers of food. They identified that people who need to take extreme precautions on food contamination were the producers, government officials, food companies, consumers, the consumer's association, and marketers, arranged in the order of highest to lowest. They also believed that the production stage of agriculture was the most important step for improving the level of food safety Therefore, the results indicated that there is a need to introduce safety systems in the production of agricultural products, as follows: Good Agricultural Practice (GAP), Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP), and Traceability System (75).

전국의 대도시, 중소도시, 읍면지역의 주부 100명을 대상으로 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 전화면접조사를 실시하였다. 식품안전에 대하여 불안을 느끼는 사람이 55.4%, 불안을 느끼지 않는 사람이 34.6%로 식품안전성에 대해 불안을 느끼는 사람의 비율이 1.9배 높은 것으로 나타났다. 식품안전에 대한 불안감에 영향을 미치는 요인은 유아나 초등학생의 자녀여부, 학력, 채소류 구입 장소, 브랜드, 보존료나 착색료 등의 식품첨가물, 원재료의 원산지 등이었다. 불안요인 중 잔류농약은 대상자의 96.0%가, 보존료나 착색료 등 식품첨가물 95.7%, 환경호르몬 93.0%, 식중독균 등 유해 미생물 91.7%, 유전가변형식품은 90.2%가 불안을 느끼는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 실제로는 잔류농약이나 식품첨가물보다 미생물의 발생으로 인한 식품오염으로 나타날 수 있는 식중독의 경우 더욱 치명적일 수 있으므로 이러한 사실을 일반 소비자들에게 인식시킬 필요가 있다. 불안을 느끼는 식품으로, 도시락은 대상자의 93.3%가, 수입 식품은 92.7%, 패스트푸드 89.9%, 햄과 소시지 등 식육가공식품 88.7%, 외식(패스트푸드 이외의 식품) 81.6%, 통조림과 냉동식품 등 가공식품 83.5%, 컵라면 등 인스턴트식품 82.0%, 쌀 47.4%, 식용유 53.8%, 우유 및 유제품은 56.6%가 불안하다고 느꼈다. 식품의 제조(재배) 및 원료(원산지)를 제시해주는 식품표시에 대하여 신뢰하지 못하고 불안을 느끼는 대상자가 많으므로(75.2%) 표시 제도와 인증제도의 적절한 운용을 통해 식품에 관련한 충분한 정보가 소비자들에게 전달될 수 있는 대책이 강구되어야 하겠다. 신선식품(농축산물)구입시 가장 우려되며 우선적으로 고려하는 사항은 '수입산인지 국내산인지'이었으며 '유통기한', '무농약 및 유기재배 여부', '만질 때 혹은 외관상으로 느껴지는 신선함' 등이 그 다음으로 고려하는 것으로 나타났다. 가공식품 구입시에는 '보존료 및 착색료 등의 식품첨 가물'(93.6%), '유통기한'(92.4%), '원재료가 무농약$.$유기재배인지'(88.8%)에 대하여 염려된다고 응답한 비율이 높았다. 식품안전을 확보하기 위한 식품생산에서 소비단계까지 개선사항으로 '비료, 농약 살포, 수확시 관리 등 생산단계'(59.6%) 및 '물, 토양, 대기 등 자연환경'(43.6%)의 개선이 중요하다는 견해가 많았다. 위의 결과로 볼 때 식품안전성을 확보하기 위해서는 식품위생과 안전성, 식품표시에 대한 홍보와 교육이 지속적으로 이루어져 소비자들의 식품안전에 대한 인식과 신뢰도를 높여야 할 것이다. 농장단계에서 오염원을 줄이는 방안이 최종생산물의 검사에 기반을 둔 식품안전정책보다도 안전성 확보에 훨씬 유효하다는 사고방식이 보편화되고 있으므로 농산물 생산단계에 우수농산물관리 제도(good agricultural practices)를 정착시키고, 나아가 사전예방 원칙을 적용한 HACCP 시스템을 도입하여 식품(특히 축산물)의 안전성을 확보하여야 하겠다. 또 food chain 전반에 관한 이력정보의 부족과 정보의 신뢰성이 문제가 되므로 생산단계부터 가공단계, 유통단계, 그리고 판매 단계 에 이르기까지의 모든 과정을 소비자가 역으로 거슬러 올라가 확인할 수 있는 '이력정보체계 (traceability system)'를 활성화하여야 하겠다.

Keywords

References

  1. Mossel DAA, Drake DM. 1990. Processing food for safety and reassuring the consumer. Food Technol 44: 63-67
  2. Lee SR. 1983. The study on food safety. Ewha University press, Seoul
  3. Chang WS, Heo SW. 1997. The hazard problem of imported agricultural products and some implications for the improvement. Kor J Intl Agric 10: 40-49
  4. Kim HJ, Kim MR. 2003. Consumers' awareness and information needs towards food hygiene (I): Focused on pesticide residues. J Korean Home Econ 41: 15-26
  5. Kim HJ, Kim MR. 2002. Consumers' awareness and information-seeking behaviors towards genetically modified organism (GMO). J Korean Home Econ 40: 73-84
  6. Bahk KJ, Chun SJ, Park KH, Hong CH, Kim JW. 2003. Survey on the foodborne illness experience and awareness of food safety practice among Korean consumers. J Fd Hyg Safety 18: 139-145
  7. Han MY, Ahn MS. 1998. A study on the purchase action of processed foods and the recognition for food additives of urban housewives. Korean J Dietary Culture 13: 119-126
  8. Smith D, Riethmuller P. 1999. Consumer concerns about food safety in Australia and Japan. Int J Soc Econ 26: 724-741 https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299910227237
  9. Kuperis P, Adamowicz W, Veeman M, Hrudey S. 1996. The demand for food safety: An empirical analysis of preferences for pesticide and hormone regulation by Alberta consumers. Staff paper 96-5. Department of Rural Economy, University of Alberta, Canada
  10. 社団法人 中央調査社. 2002. 食品の安全性と信賴に關する主婦調査. 日本
  11. Lee GB. 1996. Women consumer perceptions and attitudes of food safety and the factors related to safety concern. MD Dissertation. Yonsei University
  12. Sloan AE. 1995. Feeling safe about food safety. Food Technol 49: 29-35
  13. Choi BS. 1989. Rationalization of government regulation for consumer protection -with a focus on consumer safety-. Hangjungnonchong 28: 179-210
  14. Bahk GJ, Kim YC, Lee HS, Rho MJ, Cho YH, Lee YH, Lee KM, Roh WS, Yang JH, Kim JS, Lee SP. 1999. A study on attitudes toward food safety issue in Korea-focus on the public official related to food hygiene. J Fd Hyg Sagety 14: 34-44
  15. 엄영숙. 1996. 도시민들의 식품안전성에 대한 인식. 전북대 산업경제연구소 논문집 27: 291-305
  16. Han JI, Kim SA. 1998. The recognition level of food contamination with residual pesticides and hazardous heavy metals in Taejon area. Korean J Community Nutrition 3: 454-465
  17. Han WK, Lee JG. 1991. A study on the consumer recognition of food safety and food additives. Korean J Soc Food Sci 7: 23-34
  18. Warren VA, Hillers VN, Jennings GE. 1990. Beliefs about food supply safety: A study of cooperative extension clientele. J Am Diet Assoc 90: 713-714
  19. Lee MS. 1990. The present state of Korean food-pollution and a study of how housewives in Chuncheon think about the food-pollution. MD Dissertation. Kangwon National University
  20. Shim EH. 1994. University students' perception concerning food contamination and their food related behavior. MD Dissertation. Yonsei University
  21. Jolly DA, Schutz HG, Diaz-Knauf KV. 1989. Organic foods: consumer attitudes and use. Food Technol 43: 60-66
  22. Lee JY. 2003. Secure on food safety and permissible dose range of food additive. Chungangbubhak 5: 35-71
  23. Wheelock V. 1998. Public perception of food safety. J R Soc Health 108: 130-130 https://doi.org/10.1177/146642408810800407
  24. Lee HY. 1997. A study on consumers' behavior relative to food's safety. MD Dissertation. Sookmyung Women's University
  25. Jeong YK. 1998. Consumer information needs for development of the consumer information program -focused on Puchon city-. J Korean Home Econ 36: 71-84

Cited by

  1. Analysis of Levels of Risk Perception Using Psychometric Paradigm and Factors Affecting Concerns about Food Risk Elements of Housewives in Daegu vol.25, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.17495/easdl.2015.8.25.4.691
  2. Food Hazard Awareness and Food Apprehension towards Food Safety Management System Evaluation: Focus on Moderating Effect of Food Safety Information Awareness vol.54, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.6115/fer.2016.006
  3. Awareness of Processed Foods and Chronic Disease in High School Students in Yongin Area vol.44, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2015.44.1.076
  4. Adulterated Food Management amongst Food Sellers Near the Schools in Daegu and Gyeongbuk Provinces vol.32, pp.6, 2016, https://doi.org/10.9724/kfcs.2016.32.6.762
  5. Comparative Analysis on the Perceptions for Food Additives Between Elementary School Teachers and Nutrition Teachers vol.31, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.13103/JFHS.2016.31.2.74
  6. Food Safety Perceptions on Pesticide Contamination among Koreans -Based on the 2008 Social Survey- vol.37, pp.4, 2011, https://doi.org/10.5668/JEHS.2011.37.4.323
  7. Establishment of Pre-Harvest Residue Limits (PHRLs) of Fungicide Fenarimol and Insecticide Flufenoxuron in Peaches during Cultivation Period vol.32, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2013.32.2.136
  8. Survey of the Status of Conutry-of-origin Lables and Hygine on the Meat Markets of 4 Regions in Korea vol.27, pp.1, 2007, https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2007.27.1.122
  9. Monitoring Country-of-origin Labels and Sanitation on the Meat Markets in Seoul, Korea vol.27, pp.2, 2007, https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2007.27.2.185
  10. Consumers’ Valuation for a Reduced Salt Product: A Nonhypothetical Choice Experiment vol.63, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1111/cjag.12081
  11. Differences on Perceptions and Attitudes towards Food Safety Based on Behavioral Intention to Prevent Foodborne Illness among Middle School Students in Seoul vol.28, pp.2, 2012, https://doi.org/10.9724/kfcs.2012.28.2.149
  12. Estimation of Amount and Frequency of Consumption of 50 Domestic Livestock and Processed Livestock Products vol.45, pp.8, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2016.45.8.1177
  13. Trends of Perception and Information Needs on Food Additives of Children and Parents by Analyzing the Safety Assessment Reports of Food Additives in 2008~2013 vol.30, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.9724/kfcs.2014.30.3.249
  14. Microbiological Monitoring of Paprika, and Bacterial Contamination Levels with Respect to Storage Temperature vol.18, pp.1, 2011, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2011.18.1.007
  15. Seoul Elementary School Students' Perception and Information Needs on Artificial Food Colorants vol.27, pp.6, 2011, https://doi.org/10.9724/kfcs.2011.27.6.643
  16. Effect of Nitrite Substitution of Sausage with Addition of Purple Sweet Potato Powder and Purple Sweet Potato Pigment vol.44, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2015.44.6.896
  17. Development and Evaluation of Consumer Educational Contents on Hazard Chemicals in Food for Female College Students in Seoul vol.42, pp.10, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2013.42.10.1701
  18. Development of a Risk Communication Material on Artificial Food Color Additives for Elementary School Students vol.17, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.4.365
  19. A Study on the Genetically Modified Foods Recognition, Knowledge and Purchase Attitude of University Students according to Their Majors vol.29, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2016.29.1.079
  20. Research on Consumers Purchasing Characteristics and Satisfaction for Hanwoo Beef vol.39, pp.5, 2010, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2010.39.5.709
  21. Perception of Being Overweight and Obese and the Use of Information on Food Away from Home vol.25, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7856/kjcls.2014.25.2.175
  22. Consumers Perceptions on Monosodium L-glutamate in Social Media vol.31, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.13103/JFHS.2016.31.3.153
  23. A Study on the Direction of Consumer Education Program for Food Safety and the Production of Case Programs vol.20, pp.6, 2011, https://doi.org/10.5934/KJHE.2011.20.6.1167
  24. Moderating effects of food type and consumers' attitude on the evaluation of food items labeled “additive-free” 2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.1671
  25. A Study of the Perception and Purchase Behavior on Foreign Matters in Food vol.26, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2013.26.3.470
  26. A Study of Food Habit and Food Purchase Behavior on Healthy Dietary Life by Housewives in Daejeon vol.22, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5934/kjhe.2013.22.2.375
  27. Modeling an extended theory of planned behavior model to predict intention to take precautions to avoid consuming food with additives vol.58, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2017.01.002
  28. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Elementary School Children Regarding Food Hygiene and Safety vol.39, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5668/JEHS.2013.39.3.256
  29. 쌀단백질 잔사 효소분해물의 풍미증진 효과 vol.18, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.13050/foodengprog.2014.18.2.140
  30. Mathematical Model for Predicting the Growth Probability of Staphylococcus aureus in Combinations of NaCl and NaNO2under Aerobic or Evacuated Storage Conditions vol.36, pp.6, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2016.36.6.752
  31. Adulterated Food Management Characteristics according to Dietary Lifestyles among Adolescents vol.21, pp.6, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.6.509
  32. Analysis on Attitude and Education Need for Food Safety of High School Students in Gyeongbuk Province vol.18, pp.6, 2009, https://doi.org/10.5934/KJHE.2009.18.6.1323
  33. A Qualitative Study on Consumers' Perceptions of Food Safety Risk Factors vol.31, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.7466/JKHMA.2013.31.4.015
  34. A Study on Risk Perception Characteristics for Food Risk Elements ofUniversity Students in Yeungnam Region vol.27, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.17495/easdl.2017.8.27.4.450
  35. Consumers’ knowledge and safety perceptions of food additives: Evaluation on the effectiveness of transmitting information on preservatives vol.22, pp.7, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.01.001
  36. Analysis on the Demands for HACCP System at Meat Retailors - Based on HACCP-certified and Non-certified in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, Korea - vol.32, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2012.32.3.330
  37. A Qualitative Study on Purchasing Organic Vegetables for Housewives with Elementary School Children: Focusing on Construct in the Theory of Planned Behavior vol.28, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.7856/kjcls.2017.28.4.547
  38. Study of University Students’ Perception of Food Safety and Food Purchasing Behavior vol.29, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.7856/kjcls.2018.29.2.247
  39. Parents' meal choices for their children at fast food and family restaurants with different menu labeling presentations vol.12, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2018.12.3.243
  40. Factors Influencing the Purchase Intention of Environment-Friendly Agricultural Products for Mothers with Elementary School Children vol.29, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.7856/kjcls.2018.29.1.97
  41. Investigation of Food Safety Attitude, Knowledge, and Behavior in College Students in Gyeonggi Region vol.33, pp.6, 2018, https://doi.org/10.13103/JFHS.2018.33.6.438
  42. 서울지역 주부들의 친환경농산물 구매행동 vol.37, pp.12, 2008, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.12.1667
  43. 울산지역 학부모 참여 급식모니터링 실태 및 영양사와 학부모의 인식 vol.38, pp.7, 2005, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2009.38.7.862
  44. 수입식품 안전관리에 대한 소비자 인식도 조사 vol.38, pp.11, 2005, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2009.38.11.1625
  45. 중학생의 가공식품 섭취 실태와 식품표시에 대한 인식 vol.19, pp.1, 2005, https://doi.org/10.5934/kjhe.2010.19.1.179
  46. 주부들의 식품안전 관련 구매행동 및 정보요구도 조사 vol.39, pp.3, 2010, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2010.39.3.392
  47. 영남지역 주부의 식생활 라이프스타일에 따른 친환경농산물 소비행동 분석 vol.19, pp.6, 2010, https://doi.org/10.5934/kjhe.2010.19.6.1103
  48. 신선 배에 대한 인지가 배와 배 가공 식품의 구매에 미치는 영향 vol.32, pp.5, 2017, https://doi.org/10.7318/kjfc/2017.32.5.394
  49. Awareness of Adulterated Food and Its Management Beliefs and Capabilities among Teenagers' Parents vol.24, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.20878/cshr.2018.24.2.004
  50. 식품안전 인지도와 식품안전 관련 구매행동 조사 vol.24, pp.3, 2005, https://doi.org/10.20878/cshr.2018.24.3.009
  51. A Study on Eating-Out Style and Acceptance Intention of Artificial Seasoning: The Moderating Role of Consumers' Psychological Value vol.6, pp.4, 2019, https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2019.vol6.no4.171
  52. 식품 소비 성향에 따른 토종닭 구매요인 분석 vol.47, pp.4, 2005, https://doi.org/10.5536/kjps.2020.47.4.247
  53. Exploring Consumers’ Safety Anxiety about the Food Environment in South Korea vol.31, pp.4, 2005, https://doi.org/10.17495/easdl.2021.8.31.4.236