Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Dietary Chitosan on Blood and Tissue Levels of Lead, Iron, Zinc, and Calcium in Lead Administered Rats

납 투여 흰쥐에서 혈액과 조직의 무기질 함량에 미치는 키토산의 섭취효과

  • Park, Joo-Ran (Dept. of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University) ;
  • Lee, Yeon-Sook (Dept. of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University)
  • 박주란 (서울대학교 식품영양학과, 생물과학연구소) ;
  • 이연숙 (서울대학교 식품영양학과, 생물과학연구소)
  • Published : 2005.03.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Chitosan, which is a biopolymer, composed of glucosamine units linked by β-l, 4 glycoside bonds, is rich in shells of crustacean such as crabs and shrimps. We examined effects of dietary chitosan on blood and tissue levels of lead, iron, zinc and calcium in lead administered rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups (n=32). Basal diet group was fed 3% cellulose diet and lead administered groups were fed 0%, 3% and 5% chitosan diets, respectively for 8 wks. To lead administered groups, lead (20㎎/day) was given three times per week by oral injection. Blood, liver, kidney and femur were collected for lead, iron, zinc, and calcium analyses. There was no significant difference in weight gain and food intake among groups. Blood and femur lead levels were lower in lead administered groups fed 3% and 5% chitosan diets than in lead administered control (0% chitosan diet) group (p＆lt;0.05). Blood and liver levels of iron and zinc in lead administered group fed 5% chitosan diet were significantly lower than those in basal diet group (p＆lt;0.05), but those in lead administered group fed 3% chitosan diet were not significantly different with those in basal diet group. These results show that chitosan diets have beneficial effects on lowering the accumulation of lead, but high chitosan diet may have negative effects on mineral levels.

본 연구에서는 납을 경구투여 (20㎎/day)하고 3% 또는 5% 키토산 식이를 8주간 섭취하였을 때 혈액과 조직 (간, 신장 대퇴골)에서의 납 함량과 무기질 (철, 아연, 칼슘) 함량을 조사하였다 첫째 실험동물의 체중증가량, 식이섭취량과 식이 효율은 모든 실험 군간에 유의적 인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 둘째 혈액의 납 농도는 키토산을 섭취한 군이 섭취하지 않은 군에 비해서 감소하였다(p＆lt;0.01). 혈액의 철과 아연은 Pb-C5군(납 20m/day 투여 ,5% 키토산 식이군)에서 정상 대조군(N군)에 비해 감소하였으나 3%키토산 식이군에서는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다(p＆lt;0.05). 혈액의 칼슘농도는 납을 투여 한 군이 납을 투여하지 않은 군에 비해서 감소하였다(p＆lt;0.05). 셋째간의 납 농도는 키토산 섭취 수준에 따른 영향이 없었다. 간의 아연과 칼슘 농도는 Pb-C5군(납 20 m/day 투여, 5% 키토산 식이군)에서 정상 대조군(N군)에 비해 감소하였으나 3% 키토산 식이군에서는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다(p＆lt;0.05).넷째 신장의 아연 농도는Pb-C5군(납 20㎎/day 투여, 5% 키토산 식이군)에서 가장 낮았으나 철과 칼슘은 군간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 다섯째 대퇴골의 납 함량은 키토산을 섭취한 군이 섭취하지 않은 군에 비해서 감소하였으며 대퇴골의 파단력은 정상 대조군(N군)에 비해서 납 투여군에서 감소하였다 대퇴골의 칼슘은 납 투여에 의해서 감소하였으나 키토산 섭취 수준에 따라서는 영향을 받지 않았다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서는 납 투여에 의해서 증가된 혈액과 조직(간, 신장, 대퇴골)의 납 함량이 키토산 섭취에 따라서 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 특히 혈액은 유의적인 감소효과를 나타내어 키토산이 중금속의 흡수를 방해함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 납 투여에 따라 무기질의 수준도 다소 감소하는 경향을 보였는데 키토산에 의해서도 역시 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 특히 5%키토산 식 이 군에서 는 정 상 대조군(N군)보다 유의적인 감소를 나타냈으나 3% 키토산 식이군에서는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않은 것으로 볼 때 키토산의 수준에 따라 무기질에 미치는 영향이 다르게 평가되었다 그러므로 키토산의 섭취 시 적절한 키토산의 수준과 무기질의 영양상태를 충분히 고려해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Gordon JM, Taylor A, Bennett PN. 2001. Lead poisoning: case studies. Br J Clin Phamacol 53: 451-458
  2. Hong CM. 2001. Effect of repeated exposure to Pb acetate on hematopoietic function, testis and kidney in male rats. J Toxicol Pub Health 17: 309-316
  3. Sanchez-Fructuoso AI, Blanco J, Cano M, Ortega L, Arroyo M, Fernandez C, Prats D, Barrientos A. 2002. Experimental lead nephropathy: treatment with calcium disodium ethyJenediaminetetraacetate. Am J Kidney Dis 40: 59-67 https://doi.org/10.1053/ajkd.2002.33936
  4. Richard L, William Y. 1986. Lead toxicity: history and environmental impact. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, USA. p 51-95
  5. Godwin HA. 2001. The biologcal chemistry of lead. Chemical Biology 5: 223-227 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1367-5931(00)00194-0
  6. Batra N, Nehru B, Bansal MP. 1998. The effect of zinc supplementation on the effects of lead on the rat testis. Reproductive Toxicology 12: 535-540 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0890-6238(98)00030-6
  7. Tandon SK, Khandelwal VK, Mathur IN. 1994. Influence of dietary iron deficiency on nikel, lead and cadmium intoxication. Sci Total Environ 148: 167-173 https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(94)90393-X
  8. Florian L, Cerklewski, Forbes RM. 1976. Influence of dietary zinc on lead toxicity in the rat. J Nutr 106: 689-696
  9. Meredith PA, Moore MR, Goldberg A. 1977. The effect of calcium on lead absorption in rats. Biochem J 166: 531-537 https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1660531
  10. Mahaffey KR, Goyer R, Haseman JK. 1973. Dose-response to lead ingestion in rats fed low dietary calcium. J Lab Clin Med 82: 92-99
  11. Tandon SK, Khandelwal S, Jain VK, Matur N. 1994. Influence of dietary iron dificiency on nickel, lead and cadmium intoxication. Sci Total Environ 148: 167-173 https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(94)90393-X
  12. Kauder DS, Petering HG. 1975. Protective value of dietary copper and iorn against some toxic effects of lead in rats. Envion Health Perspect 12: 77-80 https://doi.org/10.2307/3428213
  13. Kim MK, Lee HY. 1990. Effect of high fiber diet on lead absorption and metabolic changes in growing rats. Kor J Nutr 23: 492-503
  14. Kim MK, Lee HY. 1989. Detoxification study with different dietary protein levels and detoxifying periods in lead poisoned rats. Kor Nutr J 22: 185-193
  15. Pires JB, Miekeley N, Donangelo CM. 2002. Calcium supplementation during lactation blunt erythrocyte lead level and $\delta$-aminolevelunic acid dehydratase zinc-reactivation in women non-exposed to lead and with marginal calcium intakes. Toxicology 175: 247-255 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-483X(02)00091-4
  16. Spickett JT, Bell RR 1983. The influence of dietary phosphate on the toxicity of orally ingested lead in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 21: 157-161 https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(83)90230-2
  17. Hsu PC, Guo YL. 2002. Antioxidant nutrients and lead toxicity. Toxicology 180: 33-44 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-483X(02)00380-3
  18. Tahiri M, Pellerin P, Tressol JC, Doco T, Pepin D, Rayssiguier Y, Coudray C. 2000. The rhamnogalacturonan-II dimer decreases intestinal absorption and tissue accumulation of lead in rats. J Nutr 130: 249-253
  19. Koid SS. 1998. Chitin-chitosan: properties, benefits and risks. Nutr Res 18: 1091-1101 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5317(98)00091-8
  20. Rho SN, Hong JY. 1998. Antitumor effect and the change of chemosensitivity of chitosan in human lung cancer cell line. Kar J Nutr 31: 739-746
  21. Maezaki Y, Tsuji K. 1993. Hypocholesterolemic effect of chitosan in adult males. Biosci Biotech Biochem 57: 1439-1444 https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.57.1439
  22. Lasko CL, Pesic BH, Oliver DJ, 1993. Enhancement of the metal binding properties of chitosan through synthetic ad dition of sulfer and nitrogen containing compounds. J Appl Pol Sci 48: 1565-1570 https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070480908
  23. Ishii H, Minegishi M, Lavitpichayawong B, Mitani T. 1995. Synthesis of chitosan amino acid conjugates and their use in heavy metal uptake. Int J Bioi Macromol 17: 21-23 https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-8130(95)93513-W
  24. Cervera ML, Arnal MC, Guardia M. 2003. Removal of heavy metals by using adsorption on alumina or chitosan. Analytical and Biological Chemistry 375: 820-825 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-003-1796-2
  25. Reeves PG, Nielsen FE, Fahey GC. 1993. AIN-93 purified diets for laboratory rodents: final report of the American Institute of Nutrition ad hoc writing committee on the reformulation of the AIN-76A rodent diet. J Nutr 123: 1939 1951
  26. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS). 1993-2002. Lead compiled by the National Institute for occupational Safety and Health of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
  27. Kim MK, Seol EY. 1991. Effect of dietary chitin and chitosan on cadmium toxicity and lipid metabolism in rats. Kor J Nutr 27: 996-1006
  28. Jang BS, Lim JH, Yun HI. 2003. A 4-week oral toxicity study of water-soluble chitosan in Sprague-Dawley rats. Korean J Vet Res 43: 195-202
  29. Hammond PB, Succop PA. 1995. Effect of supplemental nutrition on lead-induced depression of growth and food consumption in weanling rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 131: 80-84 https://doi.org/10.1006/taap.1995.1049
  30. Ong CN, Lee WR. 1980. Interaction of calcium and lead in human erythrocytes. Br J Ind Med 37: 70-77
  31. Six KM, Goyer A. 1972. The influence of iron deficiency on tissue content and toxicity of ingested lead in the rat. J Lab Clin Med 79: 128-136
  32. Kwon DD, Lee HB, Lee JM, Chae JS. 1992. Clinico-pathological studies on the experimental lead poisoning in goats. Kor J Vet Res 32: 127-134
  33. Kato K, Takada Y, Matsuyama H, Kawasaki Y, Aoe S, Yano H, Toba Y. 2002. Milk calcium taken with cheese increases bone mineral density and bone strength in growing rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 66: 2342-2346 https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.66.2342

Cited by

  1. Improvements Caused by Chitosan, Sericin and Collagen Peptide Extract Complexes on Lipid Metabolism in Dyslipidemia vol.20, pp.8, 2011, https://doi.org/10.5322/JES.2011.20.8.1021
  2. Effects of the Chitosan Oligosaccharide Intake on the Improvement of Serum Lipid Level in Hypercholesterolemic Rats vol.18, pp.12, 2008, https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2008.18.12.1686