DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Wind structure and codification

  • Holmes, J.D. (JDH Consulting) ;
  • Baker, C.J. (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Birmingham) ;
  • English, E.C. (LSU Hurricane Center, Louisiana State University) ;
  • Choi, E.C.C. (School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University)
  • Received : 2003.10.01
  • Accepted : 2005.04.20
  • Published : 2005.08.25

Abstract

The paper describes the work of the Working Group on Wind Structure, one of the International Codification Working Groups set up by the International Association of Wind Engineering in 1999. The topics of terrain and exposure, shielding and shelter, topographic effects, tropical cyclone and hurricane wind structure, and thunderstorm wind structure, are described with emphasis on their codification in wind loading codes and standards. Recommendations from the working group are given.

Keywords

References

  1. Amano, T., Fukushima, T., Ohkuma, T., Kawaguchi, A. and Goto, S. (1999), "The observation of typhoon winds in Okinawa by Doppler Sodar", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 83, 11-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(99)00057-4
  2. Choi, E.C.C. and Hidayat, F.A. (2003), "Variation of wind speed with height during thunderstorms",Proceedings, Eleventh International Conference on Wind Engineering, Lubbock, Texas, June 2-5, 2225-2232.
  3. Deaves, D. and Harris, R.I. (1981), "The structure of strong winds", Paper 4. in Wind Engineering in the 80s -Proceedings of the CIRIA Conference, 12th-13th November 1980, London, CIRIA.
  4. English, E.C. (1990), "Shielding factors from wind tunnel studies of prismatic structures", J. Wind Eng. Ind.Aerodyn., 36, 611-619. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(90)90343-B
  5. English, E.C. (1993), "Shielding factors for paired rectangular prisms : an analysis of along-wind mean responsedata from several sources", Proceedings, 7th U.S. National Conference on Wind Engineering, Los Angeles,June 27-30, 193-201.
  6. English, E.C. and Fricke, F.R. (1999), "The interference index and its prediction using a neural network analysisof wind-tunnel data", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 83, 567-575. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(99)00102-6
  7. Fricke, F.R. and English, E.C. (1996), "A neural network approach to the quantification of shielding effects", 3rdInternational Conference on Bluff body Aerodynamics and Applications, Blacksburg, Virginia, July 28-August 1.
  8. Fujimoto, M., Ohkuma,T., Akagi, H., Tamura, T., and Inuki, H. (1980), "An experimental study on the windflow over a sudden change of terrain roughness and various escarpments", Proceedings of the 6th NationalJapanese Symposium on Wind Engineering, 45-52.
  9. Gast, K.D. and Schroeder, J.L. (2003), "Supercell rear-flank downdraft as sampled in the 2002 thunderstormoutflow experiment", Proceedings of Eleventh International Conference on Wind Engineering, Lubbock,Texas, June 2-5, 2233-2240.
  10. Ho, T.C.E., Surry, D. and Davenport, A.G. (1990), "The variability of low building wind loads due tosurrounding obstructions", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 36, 161-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(90)90301-R
  11. Ho, T.C.E., Surry, D. and Davenport, A.G. (1991), "Variability of low building wind loads due to surroundings",J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 38, 297-310. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(91)90049-3
  12. Holmes, J.D. (1994), "Wind pressures on tropical housing", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 53, 105-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(94)90021-3
  13. Holmes, J.D. (2001). Wind Loading of Structures. Spon Press, London.
  14. Holmes, J.D. and Best, R.J. (1979), "A wind tunnel study of wind pressures on grouped tropical houses", JamesCook University Wind Engineering Report 5/79.
  15. Hussain, M. and Lee, B.E. (1980), "A wind tunnel study of the mean pressure forces acting on large groups oflow rise buildings", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 6, 207- 225. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(80)90002-1
  16. Jackson, P.S. and Hunt, J.C.R. (1975), "Turbulent flow over a low hill", Q. J. Roy. Met. Soc., 101, 929-955. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49710143015
  17. Khanduri, A.C., Stathopoulos, T. and Bedard, C. (1998), "Wind-induced interference effects on buildings - areview of the state-of-the-art", Eng. Struct., 20, 617-630. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(97)00066-7
  18. Lee, B.E. and Soliman, B.F. (1977), "An investigation of the forces on three-dimensional bluff bodies in roughwall turbulent boundary layers", J. Fluids Eng., (ASME), 99, 503-510. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3448828
  19. Oseguera, R.M. and Bowles, R.L. (1988), "A simple analytic 3-dimensional downburst model based onboundary layer stagnation flow", N.A.S.A. Technical Memorandum 100632, National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration, Washington. D.C.
  20. Paterson, D.A. and Holmes, J.D. (1992), "Computation of wind flow over topography", 1st InternationalSymposium on Computational Wind Engineering, Tokyo, August 21-24.
  21. Powell, M.D., Vickery, P.J. and Reinhold, T.A. (2003), "Marine boundary layer profiles in tropical cyclones:implied surface stress, roughness and drag coefficient behaviour", Eleventh International Conference on WindEngineering, Lubbock, Texas, June 2-5, 2585-2592.
  22. Taylor, P.A. and Lee, R.J. (1984), "Simple guidelines for estimating windspeed variation due to small scaletopographic features", Climatological Bulletin (Canada), 18, 3-32.
  23. Wood, D.H. (1982), "Internal boundary layer growth following a step change in surface roughness", Boundary-Layer Met., 22, 241-244. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00118257

Cited by

  1. Wind velocity field during thunderstorms vol.10, pp.3, 2007, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2007.10.3.287
  2. Experimental study of topographic effects on gust wind speed vol.97, pp.9-10, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2009.06.013
  3. Impinging jet simulation of stationary downburst flow over topography vol.10, pp.5, 2007, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2007.10.5.437
  4. Two case studies on structural analysis of transmission towers under downburst vol.22, pp.6, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2016.22.6.685
  5. Monitoring of typhoon effects on a super-tall building in Hong Kong vol.21, pp.6, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.1622
  6. Experimental Testing Scale Considerations for the Investigation of Bare-Soil Evaporation Dynamics in the Presence of Sustained Above-Ground Airflow pp.00431397, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR023102
  7. Wind pressure coefficients on low-rise structures and codification vol.8, pp.4, 2005, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2005.8.4.283
  8. Field monitoring of boundary layer wind characteristics in urban area vol.12, pp.6, 2005, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2009.12.6.553
  9. The effects of topography on local wind-induced pressures of a medium-rise building vol.13, pp.5, 2005, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2010.13.5.433
  10. Wind-tunnel simulations of the suburban ABL and comparison with international standards vol.14, pp.1, 2005, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2011.14.1.015
  11. Recent Brazilian research on thunderstorm winds and their effects on structural design vol.15, pp.2, 2005, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2012.15.2.111
  12. Comparative assessment of ASCE 7-16 and KBC 2016 for determination of design wind loads for tall buildings vol.31, pp.6, 2005, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2020.31.6.575
  13. Colour Ageing in Acrylic Resin Plates and Natural Minerals on the Façade after 10 Years of Sun Exposure in the Marine Environment vol.11, pp.5, 2005, https://doi.org/10.3390/app11052222
  14. Comparisons of Aerodynamic Data with the Main Wind Force-Resisting System Provisions of ASCE 7-16. I: Low-Rise Buildings vol.147, pp.3, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0002925