Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science

Korean Academy of Periodontology (대한치주과학회)
권호 표지

Influence of soft tissue and bone thickness on the dimensional change of peri-implant soft tissues;A clinical follow-up study

연조직 및 골 두께가 임플란트 주위 연조직 형태에 끼치는 영향에 관한 임상추적연구

  • Chang, Moon-Taek (Department of Periodontology and Research Institute of Oral Bio-Science College of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University)
  • 장문택 (전북대학교 치과대학 치주과학교실, 전북대학교 구강생체과학 연구소)
  • Published : 2005.03.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of peri-implant soft tissue and bone thickness on the early dimensional change of peri-implant soft tissue. Seventy-seven non-submerged implants of 39 patients which had been loaded more than 6 months were selected for the study. Following clinical parameters were measured; bucco-lingual bone width of the alveolar bone for implant placement before implant surgery; distance between implant shoulder and the first bone/implant contact at the surgery; presence of plaque, probing depth, bleeding on probing, width of keratinized mucosa, mucosa thickness, distance between implant shoulder and peri-implant mucosa, crown margin location at follow-up examination. The results showed that distance between implant shoulder and peri-implant mucosa (DIM) was correlated with probing depth and width of keratinized mucosa (p < 0.05). In addition, mucosa thickness was also correlated with probing depth (p<0.05). However, the bone width of alveolar bone and soft tissue thickness were not found to be correlated with DIM. It is important to understand the meaning of peri-implant tissue dimension in relation to dimensional changes of peri-implant soft tissue which designates appearance of implant-supported restorations. Future study is needed to elucidate the significance of the buccal bone thickness and soft tissue thickness with respect to the change of peri-implant soft tissue margin with the use of an instrument capable of measuring buccal bone thickness directly.

Keywords

References

  1. Adell R, Lekholm U, Rockler B, Branemark PI. A 15-year study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. Int J Oral Surg 1981 Dec;10(6):387-416 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-9785(81)80077-4
  2. Adell R, Eriksson B, Lekholm U, Branemark PI, Jemt T. Long-term follow-up study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of totally edentulous jaws. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1990 Winter;5(4):347-359
  3. Jemt T, Lekholm U, Adell R. Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of partially edentulous patients: a preliminary study on 876 consecutively placed fixtures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1989 Fall;4(3):211-217
  4. Jemt T. Modified single and short-span restorations supported by osseointegrated fixtures in the partially edentulous jaw. J Prosthet Dent 1986;55:243-247 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(86)90352-5
  5. Creugers NH, Kreulen CM, Snoek PA, de Kanter RJ. A systematic review of single-tooth restorations supported by implants. J Dent 2000;28:209-217 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0736-5748(99)00078-7
  6. Albrektsson T, Branemark PI, Hansson HA, Lindstrom J. Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. Acta Orthop Scand 1981;52(2):155-170 https://doi.org/10.3109/17453678108991776
  7. Listgarten MA, Lang NP, Schroeder HE, Schroeder A. Periodontal tissues and their counterparts around endosseous implants. Clin Oral Implants Res 1991 Jan-Mar;2(1):1-19
  8. Mombelli A, Lang NP. The diagnosis and treatment of peri-implantitis. Periodontal 2000. 1998 Jun;17:63-76 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.1998.tb00124.x
  9. Phillips K, Kois JC. Aesthetic peri-implant site development. The restorative connection. Dent Clin North Am. 1998 Jan;42(1):57-70
  10. Berglundh T, Lindhe J. Dimension of the periimplant mucosa. Biological width revisited. J Clin Periodontol 1996 Oct;23(10)971-973 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1996.tb00520.x
  11. Choquet V, Hermans M, Adriaenssens P, Daelemans P, Tarnow DP, Malevez C. Clinical and radiographic evaluation of the papilla level adjacent to single-tooth dental implants. A retrospective study in the maxillary anterior region. J Periodontol 2001 Oct;72(10):1364-71 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2001.72.10.1364
  12. Widmark G, Ivanoff CJ. Augmentation of exposed implant threads with autogenous bone chips: prospective clinical study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2000;2(4):178-83 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8208.2000.tb00115.x
  13. Palmer RM, Palmer PJ, Smith BJ. A 5-year prospective study of Astra single tooth implants. Clin Oral Implants Res 2000;11:179-182 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2000.tb00012.x
  14. Scheller H, Urgell JP, Kultje C, Klineberg I, Goldberg PV, Stevenson-Moore P, Alonso JMN, Schaller M, Corria RM, Engquist B, Toreskog S, Kastenbaum F, Smith CR A 5-year multicenter study on implant-supported single crown restorations. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1998;13:212-218
  15. Oh T-J, Yoon J, Misch CE, Wang H-L. The Causes of Early Implant Bone Loss: Myth or Science? J Periodontol. 2002;73:322-333 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2002.73.3.322
  16. Zarb GA, Albrektsson T. Consensus report: towards optimized treatment outcomes for dental implants. J Prosthet Dent. 1998 Dec;80(6):641 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3913(98)70048-4
  17. Tal H. Relationship between the interproximal distance of roots and the prevalence of intrabony pockets. J Periodontol. 1984 Oct;55(10):604-607 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1984.55.10.604
  18. Spray JR, Black CG, Morris HF, Ochi S. The influence of bone thickness on facial marginal bone response: stage 1 placement through stage 2 uncovering. Ann Periodontol. 2000 Dec;5(1):119-28 https://doi.org/10.1902/annals.2000.5.1.119
  19. Tarnow DP, Cho SC, Wallace SS. The effect of inter-implant distance on the height of interimplant bone crest. J Periodontol. 2000 Apr;71(4):546-549 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2000.71.4.546
  20. Kastenbaum F, Lewis S, Naert I, Palmquist C. The EsthetiCone abutment: three-year results of a prospective multicenter investigation. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1998 Jun;9(3):178-84 https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.1998.090305.x
  21. Abrahamsson I. Some characteristics of periimplant tissues. Experimental studies in the dog. Ph.D. thesis. Goteborg university 1999:35-36
  22. Lekholm U, Adell R, Lindhe J, Branemark PI, Eriksson B, Rockler B, Lindvall AM, Yoneyama T. Marginal tissue reactions at osseointegrated titanium fixtures, (II) A cross-sectional retrospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 1986 Feb;15(1):53-61 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-9785(86)80011-4
  23. Adell R, Lekholm U, Rockler B, Branemark PI, Lindhe J, Eriksson B, Sbordone L. Marginal tissue reactions at osseointegrated titanium fixtures (I). A 3-year longitudinal prospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 1986 Feb;15(1):39-52 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-9785(86)80010-2
  24. Buser D, von Arx T.Surgical procedures in partially edentulous patients with ITI implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2000;11 Suppl 1:83-100
  25. Buser D, Weber HP, Lang NPTissue integration of non-submerged implants. 'l-year results of a prospective study with 100 ITI hollow-cylinder and hollow-screw implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1990 Dec;1(1):33-40 https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.1990.010105.x
  26. Behneke A, Behneke N, d'Hoedt B, Wagner W. Hard and soft tissue reactions to ITI screw implants: 3-year longitudinal results of a prospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1997 Nov-Dec;12(6):749-5
  27. Chang M, Wennstrom JL, Odman P, Andersson B. Implant supported single-tooth replacements compared to contralateral natural teeth. Crown and soft tissue dimensions. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1999 Jun;10(3):185-94 https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.1999.100301.x
  28. Ericsson I, Lindhe J. Probing depth at implants and teeth. An experimental study in the dog. J Clin Periodontol, 1993 Oct;20(9):623-7 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1993.tb00706.x
  29. Giannopoulou C, Bemard JP, Buser D, Carrel A, Belser UC. Effect of intra crevicular restoration margins on peri-implant health: clinical, biochemical, and microbiologic findings around esthetic implants up to 9 years. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2003 Mar-Apr;18(2):173-81
  30. Lang NP, Adler R, Joss A, Nyman S. Absence of bleeding on probing. An indicator of periodontal stability. J Clin Periodontol. 1990 Nov;17(10):714-2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1990.tb01059.x
  31. Lang NP, Wetzel AC, Stich H, Caffesse RG.Histologic probe penetration in healthy and inflamed peri-implant tissues. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1994 Dec;5(4):191-20 https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.1994.050401.x
  32. Giovanni E. salvi, Philippe Bardet, Niklaus P, Lang. Clinical parameters in longitudinal implant studies. In: Lang NP, Karring T, Lindhe J. eds, Proceedings of the 3rd European Workshop on Periodontology Implant dentistry 1999;242-254. Berlin: Quintessence Publ, Co
  33. Scheller H , Urgell JP, Kultje C, Klineberg I, Goldberg PV, Stevenson-Moore P, Alonso JM, Schaller M, Corria RM, Engquist B, Toreskog S, Kastenbaum F, Smith CR. A 5-year multicenter study on implant-supported single crown restorations.
  34. Oates TW, West J, Jones J, Kaiser D, Cochran DL.Long-term changes in soft tissue height on the facial surface of dental implants. Implant Dent. 2002;11(3):272-9 https://doi.org/10.1097/00008505-200207000-00013
  35. Hammerle CH, Bragger U, Burgin W, Lang NP. The effect of subcrestal placement of the polished surface of ITI implants on marginal soft and hard tissues. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1996 Jun;7(2):111-9 https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.1996.070204.x
  36. Wennstrom JL, Bengazi F, Lekholm U.The influence of the masticatory mucosa on the periimplant soft tissue condition. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1994 Mar;5(1):1-8 https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.1994.050101.x
  37. Avivi-Arber L, Zarb GA. Clinical effectiveness of implant-supported single-tooth replacement: the Toronto Study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1996 May-Jun;11(3):311-2
  38. Eger T, Muller HP, Helnecke A. Ultrasonic determination of gingival thickness. Subject variation and influence of tooth type and clinical features. J Clin Periodontol. 1996 Sep;23(9):839-45 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1996.tb00621.x