Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer (한국토양비료학회지)

Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer (한국토양비료학회)
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Mathematical Description of Soil Loss by Runoff at Inclined Upland of Maize Cultivation

옥수수 재배 경사지 밭에서 물 유출에 따른 토양유실 예측 공식

  • Hur, Seung-Oh (Soil Management Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA) ;
  • Jung, Kang-Ho (Soil Management Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA) ;
  • Ha, Sang-Keon (Soil Management Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA) ;
  • Kwak, Han-Kang (Soil Management Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Jeong-Gyu (Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University)
  • 허승오 (농촌진흥청 농업과학기술원) ;
  • 정강호 (농촌진흥청 농업과학기술원) ;
  • 하상건 (농촌진흥청 농업과학기술원) ;
  • 곽한강 (농촌진흥청 농업과학기술원) ;
  • 김정규 (고려대학교 환경생태공학부)
  • Received : 2004.11.19
  • Accepted : 2005.04.06
  • Published : 2005.04.30
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Abstract

Soil loss into stream and river by runoff shall be considered for non-point source pollution management as national land conservation. The purpose of this study was to develop the mathematical equation to predict soil loss from inclined uplands of maize cultivation due to the runoff by rainfall which mainly converges on July and August. Soil loss was concentrated on May because of low canopy over an entire field in 2002 and on June and July because of heavy rainfall in 2003. By regression analysis the relation between runoff and soil loss can be represented by a linear equation of y =1.5291x - 3.4933, where y is runoff ($Mg\;ha^{-1}$) and x is soil loss ($kg\;ha^{-1}$). The determination coefficient of this equation was 0.839 (P<0.001). Therefore, the mathematical equation derived from the practical experiment at the inclined upland can be applicable to predict soil loss accompanied by runoff due to periodic rainfall converging on short periods within a couple of months.

경사지 밭 토양에서 강우에 의해 소실된 토양의 소유역내 유입형태를 파악하기 위해, 강우에 따른 토양유실 양상을 파악하고 강우 사상별로 물 유출과 토양유실량을 관측하고 분석하였다. 2개년의 작물재배기간 중 토양 유실이 발생했을 때의 강우특성은 연평균강우량 (879.6 mm)의 80%정도가 7, 8월에 집중되었으며, 81.1인 연평균 강우인자 $EI_{30}$도 7, 8월에 제일 큰 값 65.3을 보였다. 유출량은 강우양상과 옥수수 파종시기 등의 차이에 따라 전체 유출량은 2002년이, 최대유출량은 2003년이 많은 양상으로, 토양유실은 유출량이 최대인 2003년이 $49.3kg\;ha^{-1}$가 많았다. 유출율은 평균적으로 지면 피복이 많지 않은 작물생육 초기에는 높았다가 작물생육 중 후기로 진행되어 가면서 감소하는 경향이었다. 강우사상별 물 유출에 따른 토양 유실량은 물 유출량이 많아질수록 토양 유실량도 증가하는 경향으로 직선 관계를 나타냈고, 토양유실이 발생할 수 있는 최소조건을 고려했을 때 강우사상별 토양 유실이 발생할 수 있는 최소 물 유출량은 약 $2.3Mg\;ha^{-1}$이고 토양 유실에 대한 토양의 임계저항은 0.51 Pa이었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 옥수수를 재배하는 경사가 17%인 밭에서 강우에 의한 물 유출량이 $2.3Mg\;ha^{-1}$이면 토양이 받는 압력은 0.51 Pa 정도로 이 수치 이상일 때는 수계로 유입되는 토양 유실이 발생한다.

Keywords

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