DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

LEAD LEACHABILITY FROM QUICKLIME TREATED SOILS IN A DIFFUSION CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT

  • Moon, Deok-Hyun (W. M. Keck Geoenvironmental Laboratory, Center for Environmental Systems, Stevens Institute of Technology)
  • 발행 : 2005.06.30

초록

The effectiveness of quicklime-based stabilization/solidification (S/S) in immobilizing lead (Pb) was assessed by performing semi-dynamic leaching tests (ANS16.1). In order to simulate landfill leaching conditions, the ANS 16.1 test was modified by using 0.014 N acetic acid (pH = 3.25) instead of distilled water. Artificial soil samples as well as field soil samples contaminated with Pb were tested. The effectiveness of quicklime treatment was evaluated by determining diffusion coefficients ($D_e$) and leachability indices (LX). A model developed by de Groot and van der Sloat was used to elucidate the controlling Pb leaching mechanisms. Overall, upon quicklime treatment Pb leachability was significantly reduced in a]l of the samples tested. The mean LX values were higher than 9 for an artificial soil sample containing 30% kaolinite treated with 10% quicklime and for a field soil sample treated with 10% quicklime, which suggests that S/S treated soils can be considered acceptable for "controlled utilization". Moreover, quicklime treatment was more effective in artificially contaminated soil with high kaolinite content (30%), indicating the amount of clay plays an important role in the success of the treatment. The controlling Pb leaching mechanism was found to be diffusion, in all quicklime treated samples.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Thevenin, G. and Peran J., 'Interaction between lead and different binders,' Cem. Concr. Res., 29, 1605-1610 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00144-1
  2. Lin, S. L., Cross, W. H., Chian, E. S. K., Lai, J. S., Giabbai, M., and Hung, C. H., 'Stabilization and solidification of lead in contaminated soils,' J. Hazard. Mater., 48, 95-110 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(95)00143-3
  3. Long, R. P. and Zhang, X., 'Treating leadcontaminated soil by stabilization and solidification,' Transportation Research Record, 1615, 72-78 (1998) https://doi.org/10.3141/1615-10
  4. Nriagu, J. O., 'Global metal pollution: poisoning the biosphere?,' Environment, 32, 7-33 (1990) https://doi.org/10.1080/00139157.1990.9929037
  5. Gee, C., Ramsey, M. H., Maskall, J., and Thornton, I., 'Mineralogy and weathering processes in historical smelting slags and their effect on the mobilization of lead,' J. Geochem. Explor., 58, 249-257 (1997) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(96)00062-3
  6. Yukselen, M. A., and Alpaslan, B. J., 'Leaching of metals from soil contaminated by mining activities,' J. Hazard. Mater., B87, 289-300 (2001)
  7. Conner, J. R., Chemical fixation and solidification of hazardous wastes, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY (1990)
  8. Li, X. D., Poon, C. S., Sun, H., Lo, I. M. C., and Kirt, D. W., 'Heavy metal speciation and leaching behaviors in cement based solidified/stabilized waste materials,' J. Hazard. Mater., A82, 215-230 (2001)
  9. Wang, S. Y. and Vipulanandan, C., 'Leachability of lead from solidified cement-fly binders,' Cem. Concr. Res., 26(6), 895-905 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(96)00070-1
  10. Lee, D. J., 'Leachability of Pb-doped solidified waste forms using Portland cement and calcite: II. Investigation of SEM/EDS,' Environ. Eng. Res., 9(2), 66-74 (2004) https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2004.9.2.066
  11. Lee, D. J., 'Leachability of Pb-doped solidified waste forms using Portland cement and calcite: I. Investigation of X-ray diffraction,' Environ. Eng. Res., 9(3), 103-112 (2004) https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2004.9.3.103
  12. Lee, D. J., 'Leachability of Pb-doped solidified waste forms using Portland cement and calcite: III. Insight of leaching mechanism,' Environ. Eng. Res., 9(4), 175-183 (2004) https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2004.9.4.175
  13. Lee, D. J., 'Leachability of pH static leaching test for evaluating leachability of solidified waste forms,' Environ. Eng. Res., 9(5), 223-230 (2004) https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2004.9.5.223
  14. Lee, D. J., 'pH effects on leachability of Pb-doped solidified waste forms using Portland cement and calcite,' Environ. Eng. Res., 9(5), 231-237 (2004) https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2004.9.5.231
  15. Palomo, A. and Palacios, M., 'Alkaliactivated cementitious materials: alternative matrices for the immobilization of hazardous wastes part II. stabilization of chromium and lead,' Cem. Concr. Res., 33, 289-295 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00964-X
  16. Moulin, I., Stone, W. E., Sanz, J., Bottero, J.-Y., Mosnier, F., and Haehnel, C., 'Lead and zinc retention during hydration of tricalcium silicate: a study by sorption isothenns and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,' Langmuir, 15, 2829-2835 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1021/la981062u
  17. Dennatas, D., Moon, D. H., Menounou, N., Meng, X., Hires, R., 'An evaluation of arsenic release from monolithic solids using a modified semi-dynamic leaching test,' J. Hazard. Mater., B116, 25-38 (2004)
  18. van der Sioot, H. A., Comans, R. N. J., and Hjelmar, O., 'Similarities in the leaching behavior of trace contaminants from waste, stabilized waste, construction material and soils,' Sci. Total Environ., 178, 111-126 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(95)04803-0
  19. ANS, 'American National Standard for the measurement of the leachability of solidified low-level radioactive wastes by a short-term tests procedure,' ANSI/ANS-16.1, American National Standards Institute, New York, NY (1986)
  20. Dutre, V. and Vandecasteele, C., 'An evaluation of the solidification/stabilization of industrial arsenic containing waste using extraction and semi-dynamic leach tests,' Waste Manage., 16(7), 625-631 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-053X(97)00003-2
  21. Godbee, H and Joy, D., 'Assessment of the loss of radioactive isotopes from waste solids to the environment. part I: background and theory,' ORNL-TM-4333, Oak Ridge, Tennessee (1974)
  22. Cote, P. L., Constable, T. W., and Moreira, A., 'An evaluation of cement-based waste forms using the results of approximately two years of dynamic leaching,' Nucl. Chem. Waste Manag., 17, 129-168 (1987)
  23. Andres, A., Ortiz, I., Viguri, J. R., and Irabien, A., 'Long-term behavior of toxic metals in stabilized steel foundry dusts,' J. Hazard. Mater., 40, 31-42 (1995) https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(94)00078-U
  24. Environment Canada, 'Proposed evaluation protocol for cement-based solidified wastes, environmental protection series,' Rep. No. EPS 3/HA/9 (1991)
  25. de Groot, G. J. and van der Sloot, H. A., 'Determination of leaching characteristics of waste materials leading to environmental product certification,' stabilization and solidification of hazardous, radioactive, and mixed wastes, 2, STP 1123, T. M. Gilliam and C. C. Wiles, eds., ASTM, Philadelphia, pp. 149-170 (1992)
  26. ASTM, 'The test method for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using modified effort,' 01557-91, Section 4, Vol. 4.08, pp. 227-234 (1993)
  27. Jing, C., Meng, X., and Korfiatis, G. P., 'Lead leachability in stabilized/solidified soil samples evaluated with different leaching tests,' J. Hazard Mater., B114, 101-110 (2004)
  28. Mitchell, J. K., Fundamentals of Soil Behavior, 2nd ed., John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, pp. 1-437 (1993)
  29. Nathwani, J. S. and Phillips, C. R., 'Leachability of Ra-226 from uranium mill tailings consolidated with naturally occurring materials and/or cement. II: analysis based on mass transport equation,' Water, Air, Soil Pollut., 14, 389-402 (1980) https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00291851

피인용 문헌

  1. CHROMIUM LEACHABILITY FROM STABILIZED/SOLIDIFIED SOILS UNDER MODIFIED SEMI-DYNEMIC LEACHING CONDITIONS vol.10, pp.6, 2005, https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2005.10.6.294
  2. Leaching assessment of matrix land reclamation material vol.2, pp.6, 2005, https://doi.org/10.1680/envgeo.14.00035