DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Comparison of Nutrient Intakes of Korean Elderly People Living in Rural Area Between 24-hour Recall and Food Frequency Method

24시간회상법과 식품섭취빈도조사법을 이용한 농촌지역 노인의 영양소 섭취수준 비교

  • Cho, Young-Eun (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Andong National University) ;
  • Lee, Soo-Lim (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Andong National University) ;
  • Cho, Eun-Hyun (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Andong National University) ;
  • Lomeda, Ria-Ann L (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Andong National University) ;
  • Kwak, Eun-Hee (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Andong National University) ;
  • Kim, Yang-Ha (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Kwun, In-Sook (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Andong National University)
  • 조영은 (안동대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 이수림 (안동대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 조은현 (안동대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • ;
  • 곽은희 (안동대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김양하 (이화여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 권인숙 (안동대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2006.07.31

Abstract

Precise and correct assessment of nutrient intake using appropriate dietary intake method is necessary to improve the nutritional status of the target people group. It is more likely so in elderly people since their dietary habits and inadequate nutrient intakes are of special concern even worse in rural areas. Two popular methods of gathering dietary intake are 24-hour recall and food frequency method (or food frequency questionnaire). In the present study, we conducted both 24-hour recall and food frequency method on 120 rural elderly people $(aged\;65{\sim}74\;years)$, 62 male and 58 female. The dietary intakes were analyzed and the correlation of the dietary intake between 24-hour recall and food frequency method to determine the reliability between two methods. Also each nutrient intake was compared to recommended dietary allowance (RDA) or nutrient reference value (NRV) as appropriate. Even correlation did not show significance between the two methods except for dietary fiber intake (0.65 at p<0.01) and energy-yielding nutrients which mostly showed similar results with nutrient intake level. These support the possible reliability between 24-hours record and food frequency method that is also shown on the cases of most mineral and vitamin intakes. Thus, the food frequency method used in this study for the assessment of nutrient intakes of the elderly people would be reliable for the assessment of the nutrient intake along with the 24-hour recall. Also, the present study results suggested that rural female elderly people would be under optimal nutriture status due to the lower food intake measured by 24-hour recall. The optimal food frequency method would be considered to be developed for the precise nutrient assessment.

본 연구는 24시간회상법과 식품섭취빈도조사지를 이용하여 농촌지역 노인들의 영양소섭취량을 비교분석하였으며, 두 식이섭취조사방법 간의 상관성 및 타당성을 평가하였다. 조사대상자는 농촌지역 60세 이상 노인 168명(남자 89명, 여자 79명)이었으며 그 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 조사대상자의 평균연령은 67세(남 69, 여 56)였으며, 평균 신장은 158 cm, 평균체중은 58.4 kg으로서, 본 연구의 농촌지역 남녀 노인의 평균 신장 및 체중은 한국인 $65{\sim}74$세의 평균체중 및 신장보다 낮았다. 24시간회상법과 식품섭취빈도조사법의 상관성 비교(Pearson's correlation)에서 남자노인의 식이섬유소 섭취량만이 p<0.01 수준에서 유의성을 나타내었으며, 나머지 영양소에서는 모두 낮은 상관계수를 나타내었다. 상관관계에서 비록 통계적 유의성을 보여주지는 못했지만 열량 및 대부분의 열량영양소들의 섭취량은 24시간회상법 및 식품섭취빈도조사법 모두에서 비슷한 수준으로 나타났다. 무기질(Ca, Na, K, P, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Se) 및 비타민(비타민 A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin 및 비타민 C) 섭취량에 대한 24시간회상법과 식품섭취빈도조사법의 상관성은 비록 유의적 상관성은 나타나지 않았으며, 대부분의 무기질 및 비타민 섭취랑은 24시간회상법 및 식품섭취빈도조사법 모두에서 비슷한 수준으로 나타났다. 따라서 두 식이섭취조사방법에 의한 특정 농촌지역 노인들의 무기질 및 비타민섭취량 측정은 타당성이 있는 것으로 간주된다. 24시간회상법과 식품섭취빈도조사법에 의한 각 영양소의 영양권장량(RDA) 및 영양기준치(NRV)에 대한 비교에서, 각 영양소의 섭취량은 두 식이조사방법 간에 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 그러나 열량, 단백질, 지방 등의 대량영양소 및 대부분의 무기질, 비타민 모두에서 식품섭취빈도조사법에 의한 영양소 섭취율이 24시간회상법에 의한 섭취율보다 높게 나타났는데, 이는 식품섭취빈도조사법이 조사방법의 특성상 24시간 회상법에 의한 섭취율보다 높게 나올 수 있음을 입증하였다. 본 연구의 조사대상자인 농촌지역 노인인구 집단의 영양소섭취량 조사를 위해서는 24시간회상법 및 식이섭취조사법 모두를 사용함이 타당하다고 생각된다. 특히, 본 연구조사에서 여자노인의 경우는 남자노인에 비해 모든 영양소에서 식품섭취빈도조사법의 경우가 영양소섭취량이 더 높게 나타났으며, 이러한 현상은 동물성 영양소의 경우가 더 두드러졌다. 이는 농촌지역 여자노인들의 식물성 위주의 식품섭취가 예상되며 따라서 농촌여자노인의 영양상태가 남자노인들에 비해 상대적으로 더 불량할 것으로 예측된다. 24시간회상법과 식품섭취빈도조사법을 이용하여 농촌지역 노인들의 영양소섭취량을 측정하여 비교한 본 연구결과를 종합해보면, 비록 두 식이섭취조사방법 간에 높은 상관성은 보여주지 못하였지만, 영양소섭취량은 두 방법 간에 비슷한 수준을 보여주어, 본 연구대상 특정 농촌지역 노인들의 영양소섭취량 조사에 24시간회상법 및 식품섭취빈도조사법 모두가 사용될 수 있음을 예견하였다. 노인인구 대상으로 보다 정확한 영양소 섭취량 측정을 할 수 있는 식품섭취빈도조사지 개발이 시급한 요구로 제시된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ministry of Health and Welfare. 2004. 2002 National Nu-trition Survey Report
  2. Seung TW. 1996. The changing and regional difference of aging of population in Korea. MS Thesis. Seoul National University
  3. Kang NE. 1993. A study on the influence of aging and nutrition on the congnitive function by the blood glucose level among elderly Koreans. PhD Dissertation. Ewha Womans University
  4. Kim SM. 1978. Dietary status of eldery people (II). J Korean Nutrition 11: 1-7
  5. Son SM, Park YJ, Koo J, Mo S, Yoo HY, Sung C. 1996. Nutritional and health status of Korean elderly from low incone, urban area and improving effect of meal service on nutritional and health status. Korean J Comm Nutr 1: 79- 88
  6. Kim HK, Yoon JS. 1989. A study on the nutritional status and health condition of elderly women living in urban community. J Korean Nutrition 22: 175-184
  7. Song YS, Chung HK, Cho MS. 1995. The nutritional status of the female elderly residents in nursing home. Nutritional and biochemical health status. J Korean Nutrition 28: 110-116
  8. Lee MS, Woo MK. 2001. A study on the factors influencing food consumption by food frequency questionnaire for the middle aged and elderly living Chonju area. Korean J Comm Nutr 6: 789-797
  9. Lee KW, Lee YM, Kim JH. 2000. The health and nutritional status of low-income, alone-living elderly. Korean J Comm Nutr 5: 3-12
  10. Yim KS. 1999. Strategies to improve elderly nutrition: comparisons of dietary behavior according to the mean nutrient adequacy ratio. Korean J Comm Nutr 4: 46-56
  11. Kwak EH, Lim SL, Yoon JS, Lee HS, Kwon CS, Kwun IS. 2003. Macronutrient, mineral and vitamin intakes in elderly people in rural area of North Kyungpook Province in South Korea. J Korean Nutrition 36: 1052-1060
  12. Block G. 1982. A review of validations of dietary assessment methods. Am J Epidemiol 115: 492-505 https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113331
  13. Lee SY, Ju DL, Paik HY, Shin CS, Lee HK. 1998. Assess-ment of dietary intake obtained by 24-hour recall method in adults living in Yeonchon area (I): Assessment based on nutritient intake. J Korean Nutrition 31: 333-342
  14. Kim MK, Lee SS, Ahn YO. 1996. Reproductibility and validity of a self-administered semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire among middle-aged men in Seoul. J Korean Nutrition 1: 346-394
  15. Zulkifli SN, Yu SM. 1992. The food frequency method for dietary assessment. J Am Diet Assoc 92: 681-685
  16. Mullen BJ, Krantzler NJ, Grivetti LE, Schutz HG, Meiselman HL. 1984. Validity of a food frequency questionnaire for the determination of individual food intake. Am J Clin Nutr 39: 136-143 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/39.1.136
  17. Food and Drug Safety Section of Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare. 1996. Korean Food Composition Table
  18. Korean National Rural Living Science Institute. 1996. Korean Food Composition Table. 5th revision
  19. Korean Dietetic Association. 1998. Nutrition Anywhere Database. 1st ed. Seoul, Korea
  20. US Department of Agriculture. 1993. Composition of Foods; Agriculture Handbook. No. 8.1-8.21 (1976-1992). p 1-89
  21. Sizer F, Whitney E. 1998. Food composition table. In Nutrition. West Publishing Company, New York, USA. p 1-113
  22. DuPuy NA, Mermel VL. 1995. Food composition table. In Focus in Nutrition. Mosby, New York, USA. p 1-59
  23. The Korean Nutrition Society. 2000. Recommended Dietary Allowances for Koreans. 7th revision. Seoul, Korea. p 1-55
  24. Yoon HJ, Kwon JH, Lee SK. 2002. Nutritional status and energy expenditure in the elderly in a rural community. Korean J Comm Nutr 7: 336-344
  25. Lee SY, Paik HY. 1998. Comparative assessment of nutritient intake and quality obtained by food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour recall method in Korean adults living in rural area. J Korean Home Economics Assoc 36: 143-155
  26. Won HS, Kim WY. 2000. Development and validation of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire to evaluate nutritional status of Korean elderly. J Korean Nutrition 33: 314-323
  27. Lee HJ, Park SJ, Kim JH, Kim CI, Chang KJ, Yim KS, Kim KW, Choi HM. 2002. Development and validation of a computerized semi-quantitiative food frequency questionnaire program for evaluating the nutritional status of the Korean elderly. J Korean Home Economics Assoc 7: 277-285
  28. Yim KS, Lee TY, Park HS. 2003. The development and validation of a food frequency questionnaire to assess diets of Korean adolescents. Korean J Comm Nutr 8: 149-159
  29. Ahn YJ, Lee JE, Cho NH, Shin C, Park C, Oh BS, Kim KC. 2004. Validation and calibration of semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire-with participants of the Korean health and genome study. Korean J Comm Nutr 9: 173-182
  30. Kim WY, Yang EJ. 1998. A study on development and validation of food frequency questionnaire for Koreans. J Korean Nutrition 31: 220-230
  31. Hunt IF, Luke LS, Murphy NJ, Clark VA, Coulson AH. 1979. Nutritient estimates from computerized questionnaries vs. 24-hr. recall interviews. J Am Diet Assoc 74: 656-659
  32. Lee SY, Ju DL, Paik HY, Shin CS, Lee HK. 1998. Assessment of dietary intake obtained by 24-hour recall method in adults living in Yeonchon area (2); assessment based on food group intake. J Korean Nutrition 31: 343- 353
  33. Lee JS, Yu CH, Park SH, Jung HG, Lee SS, Moon HK, Paik HY, Shin SY. 1998. A study on nutritional intake of the rural people in Korea-comparison of the nutrient intake by areas and age. J Korean Nutrition 31: 1468-1480

Cited by

  1. Assessment of Physical Activity Level of Korean Farmers to Establish Estimated Energy Requirements during Busy Farming Season vol.16, pp.6, 2011, https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.6.751
  2. Dietary Patterns among the Elderly in Jeollanam-do Area based on Their Physical and Mental Function State vol.26, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2013.26.4.783
  3. Nutrient deficiencies and depression in older adults according to sex: A cross sectional study vol.19, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.12315
  4. Comparative analysis of dietary behavior and nutrient intake of elderly in urban and rural areas for development of “Village Lunch Table” program: Based on 2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data vol.50, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2017.50.2.171
  5. Accuracy of 24-hour Diet Recalls for Estimating Energy Intake in Elderly Men using the Doubly Labeled Water Method vol.23, pp.6, 2018, https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2018.23.6.516
  6. 혈액투석환자 대상 반정량적 식품섭취빈도 조사법과 7일간 식사기록법을 이용한 일상 식품과 영양소 섭취수준 비교 vol.22, pp.5, 2017, https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.5.426
  7. 에너지 섭취 조사를 위한 24시간 회상법의 정확도 평가: 여자노인을 대상으로 이중표식수법을 이용하여 vol.53, pp.5, 2006, https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2020.53.5.476
  8. Factors Influencing the Muscle Strength of the Elderly Without Activity Restrictions By Gender vol.23, pp.1, 2006, https://doi.org/10.17079/jkgn.2021.23.1.43