The Urban Space of the Motions and Emotions of Human Bodies in Mobile Networks

휴대폰 네트워크 속 인간 육체의 활동과 감정의 도시 공간

  • Lee, Hee-Sang (Department of Geography Education, Kyungpook National University)
  • 이희상 (경북대학교 지리교육과)
  • Published : 2006.12.31

Abstract

Machines, cities and bodies have been evolved together for a long time, and the recent development of information and communication technologies has transformed cities and bodies into new forms. Concerned with the relations between machines, cities and bodies, this paper explores how mobile networks are related with the physical space of the city and the psychological space of the body. The paper is organised into four main sections. First, it provides a theoretical review of the ways in which mobile networks transform urban spaces and human bodies. Secondly, it explains the generation of mobile networks through technological and institutional changes in Korea. Thirdly, it looks at the socio-spatial scales and time-space landscapes of mobile networks in relation to mobile users' motions and practices in their everyday lives. Finally, it attends to the ways in which mobile networks involve the production of paradoxical emotional spaces in relation to mobile users' emotions and desires to be dis/connected with mobile networks.

기계, 도시 그리고 육체는 오랜 시간 동안 함께 진화되어 왔으며, 최근 정보 통신 기술의 발달은 도시와 육체를 새로운 형태로 변형시켜 왔다. 본 논문은, 기계, 도시 그리고 육체의 관계에 관심을 가지면서, 휴대폰 네트워크가 어떻게 도시의 물리적 공간과 육체의 심리적 공간과 관계되는지를 탐구한다. 이를 위해 본 논문은 네 개의 주요 절로 구성된다. 먼저 휴대폰 네트워크가 도시 공간과 인간 육체를 변형시키는 방식에 대한 이론적 검토를 제공한다. 둘째로, 한국에서 기술적 및 제도적 변화를 통한 휴대폰 네트워크의 형성을 설명한다. 셋째로 일상 생활에서 휴대폰 이용자들의 활동 및 실천과 관련하여 휴대폰 네트워크의 사회-공간적 규모와 시-공간 경관을 살펴본다. 마지막으로, 휴대폰 네트워크와 연결 혹은 분리되고자 하는 휴대폰 이용자들의 감정 및 욕망과 관련하여 휴대폰 네트워크가 패러독스적인 감정 공간을 수반하는 방식에 주목한다.

Keywords

References

  1. Adams, P.C., 1995, A reconsideration of personal boundaries in space-time, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 85(2), 267-285 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1995.tb01794.x
  2. Agar, J., 2004, Constant Touch: A Global History of the Mobile phone, London: Icon Books
  3. Bauman, Z., 2001, The Individualized Society, Polity Press, Cambridge
  4. Bauman, Z. and May, T., 2001, Thinking Sociologically, Blackwell, Oxford
  5. Bridge, G., 1997, Mapping the terrain of time-space compression: power networks in everyday life, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 15, 611-626 https://doi.org/10.1068/d150611
  6. Brown, B., Green, N. and Harper, R. (eds), 2001, Wireless World: Social and Interactive Aspects of the Mobile Age, Springer-Verlag, London
  7. Callon, M. and Law, J., 2004, Introduction: absence - presence, circulation, and encountering in complex space, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 22, 3-11 https://doi.org/10.1068/d313
  8. Carey, Z., 2004, Generation txt: the telephone hits the street, in Graham, S. (ed.), The Cybercities Reader, Routledge, London, 133-137
  9. Castells, M., 1996, The Rise of the Network Society, Blackwell, Oxford
  10. Chatzis, K., 2001, Cyborg urbanization, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 25(4), 906-911 https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00354
  11. Crang, M., 2000, Urban morphology and the shaping of the transmissible city, City, 4(3), 303-315 https://doi.org/10.1080/713657026
  12. de Sola Pool, I. (ed.), 1977, The Social Impact of the Telephone, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
  13. Deleuze, G., 1997, Postscript on the societies of control, in Leach, N. (ed.), Rethinking Architecture: A Reader in Cultural Theory, Routledge, London, 309-313
  14. Deleuze, G. and Guattari, F., 1987, A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia, University of Minnesota press, Minneapolis
  15. Fortunati, L., 2002, The mobile phone: towards new categories and social relations, Information, Communication and Society, 5(4), 513-528 https://doi.org/10.1080/13691180208538803
  16. Foucault, M., 1977, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, Allen Lane, London
  17. Gandy, M., 2005, Cyborg urbanization: complexity and monstrosity in the contemporary city, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 29(1), 26-49 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2005.00568.x
  18. Gergen, K.J., 2002, The challenge of absent presence, in Katz, J. and Aakhus, M. (eds), Perpetual contact, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 227-241
  19. Goodman, J., 2003, Mobile telephones and social capital in Poland: a case study with Vodafone Group, part of Deliverable 12 of the project Digital Europe: E-business and Sustainable Development, Forum for the Future
  20. Graham, S. and Marvin, S., 2001, Splintering Urbanism: Networked Infrastructures, Technological Mobilities and the Urban Condition, Routledge, London
  21. Granovetter, M., 1973, The strength of weak ties, American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), 1360-1380 https://doi.org/10.1086/225469
  22. Green, N., 2002, On the move: technology, mobility, and the mediation of social time and space, The Information Society, 18, 281-292 https://doi.org/10.1080/01972240290075129
  23. Grosz, E., 1992, Bodies-cities, in Colomina, B. (ed.), Sexuality and Space, Princeton Architectural Press, New York, 241-253
  24. Hansen, M., 2002, Wearable space, Configurations, 10(2), 321-370 https://doi.org/10.1353/con.2003.0014
  25. Haraway, D., 1991, Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature, London: Routledge
  26. Hayles, N.K., 1999, How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago
  27. Henderson, S., Taylor, R. and Thomson, R., 2002, In touch: young people, communication and technologies, Information, Communication and Society, 5(4), 494-512 https://doi.org/10.1080/13691180208538802
  28. Ito, M., 2003, Mobiles and the appropriation of place, Receiver, 8. (Vodafone Group)
  29. Katz, J. and Aakhus, M. (eds.), 2002, Perpetual Contact: Mobile Communication, Private Talk, Public Performance, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
  30. Katz, J. and Katz, M., 1999, Connections: Social and Cultural Studies of the Telephone in American Life, Transactions, New York
  31. Kim, S.D., 2002, Korea: personal meanings, in Katz, J. and Aakhus, M. (eds.), Perpetual contact: Mobile Communication, Private Talk, Public Performance, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 63-79
  32. Kopomaa, T., 2000, The City of Your Pocket.• Birth of the Mobile Information Society, Gaudeamus, Helsinki
  33. Kopomaa, T., 2004, Speaking mobile: intensified everyday life, condensed city, in Graham, S. (ed.), The Cybercities Reader, Routledge, London, 267-272
  34. Lash, S., 2001, Technological forms of life, Theory, Culture and Society, 18(1), 105-120 https://doi.org/10.1177/02632760122051661
  35. Latour, B., 1993, We Have Never Been Modern, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
  36. Laurier, E., 2001, Why people say where they are during mobile phone calls, Environment and Planning D: Space and Society, 19, 485-504 https://doi.org/10.1068/d228t
  37. Licoppe, C., 2004, 'Connected' presence: the emergence of a new repertoire for managing social relationships in a changing communication technoscape, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 22, 135-156 https://doi.org/10.1068/d323t
  38. Ling, R., 2004, The Mobile Connection: The Cell Phone's Impact on Society, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Francisco, CA
  39. Ling, R. and Yttri, B., 2002, Hyper-coordination via mobile phones in Norway, in Katz, J. and Aakhus, M. (eds.), Perpetual contact: Mobile Communication, Private Talk, Public Performance, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 139-169
  40. Lull, J., 2000, Media, Communication, Culture: A Global Approach, Polity, Cambridge
  41. Marvin, C., 1988, When Old Technologies Were New: Thinking about Electric Communication in the Late Nineteenth Century, Oxford University Press, Oxford
  42. Ministry of Information and Communication, Korea, 2001, Korean Information and Communication's Twentieth Century History. (in Korean)
  43. Ministry of Information and Communication, Korea, 2003, The Informatization Strategy of Korea. (in Korean)
  44. Nie, N.H., Hillygus, D.S. and Erbring, L., 2001, Internet use, interpersonal relations, and sociability, in Wellman, B. and Haythornwaite, C. (eds.), The Internet in Everyday Life, Blackwell, Oxford, 215-243
  45. Parks, L., 2001, Cultural geographies in practice - plotting the personal: global positioning satellites and interactive media, Ecumene, 8(2), 209-222 https://doi.org/10.1191/096746001701556995
  46. Rafael, V., 2003, The cell phone and the crowd: messianic politics in the contemporary Philippines, Public Culture, 15(3), 399-425 https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-15-3-399
  47. Sassen, S., 1991, The Global City: New York, London and Tokyo, Princeton University Press, Princeton
  48. Sheller, M., 2004, Mobile publics: beyond the network perspective, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 22, 39-52 https://doi.org/10.1068/d324t
  49. Shields, R., 1992, A truant proximity: presence and absence in the space of modernity, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 10, 181-198 https://doi.org/10.1068/d100181
  50. Stein, J., 1999, The telephone: its social shaping and public negotiation in late nineteenth- and early twenties-century London, in Crang, M., Crang, P. and May, J. (eds.), Virtual Geographies: Bodies, Space and Relations, Routledge, London, 44-62
  51. Stelarc, 1998, From psycho-body to cyber-systems: images as post-human entities, in Dixon, J.B. and Cassidy, E.J. (eds.), Virtual Futures: Cyberotics, Technology and Post-human Pragmatism, Routledge, London, pp.116-123
  52. Sussex Technology Group, 2001, In the company of strangers: mobile phones and the conception of space, in Munt, S.R. (ed.), Technospaces: Inside the New Media, Continuum, London, 205-223
  53. Thrift, N., 2004, Remembering the technological unconscious by foregrounding knowledges of position, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 22, 175-190 https://doi.org/10.1068/d321t
  54. Thrift, N. and French, S., 2002, The automatic production of space, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 27, 309-335 https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-5661.00057
  55. Townsend, A.M., 2000, Life in the real-time city: mobile telephones and urban metabolism, Journal of Urban Technology, 7(2), 85-104
  56. Urry, J., 1998, Automobility, car culture and weightless travel, the Department of Sociology, Lancaster University
  57. Urry, J., 2004, Connections, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 22, 27-37 https://doi.org/10.1068/d322t
  58. Webster, F., 2000, Information, capitalism and uncertainty, Information, Communication and Society, 3(1), 69-90 https://doi.org/10.1080/136911800359428
  59. Weilenmann, A., 2003, 'I can't talk now. I'm in a fitting room': formulating availability and location in mobile-phone conversations, Environment and Planning A, 35, 1589-1605 https://doi.org/10.1068/a34234
  60. Wellman, B. and Tindall, D., 1993, Reach out and touch some bodies: how telephone networks connect social networks, Progress in Communication Science, 12, 63-94
  61. Williams, S. and Williams, L., 2005, Space invaders: the negotiation of teenage boundaries through the mobile phone, The Sociological Review, 53(2), 314-331 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.2005.00516.x
  62. Wittel, A., 2001, Toward a network sociology, Theory, Culture and Society, 18(6), 51-76 https://doi.org/10.1177/026327601018006003
  63. Yoon, K., 2003, Retraditionalizing the mobile: young people's sociality and mobile phone use in Seoul, South Korea, European Journal of Cultural Studies, 6(3), 327-343 https://doi.org/10.1177/13675494030063004