Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Korean Association of Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons (대한악안면성형재건외과학회)
권호 표지

THE REVIEW OF TRANSMISSION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE IN HUMAN TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION: PART I ALLOGENIC BONE

동종조직이식술 시 전염성질환의 이환가능성에 대한 고찰 I : 동종골조직

  • Lee, Eun-Young (Dept. of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Kyoung-Won (Dept. of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Um, In-Woong (Korea Tissue Bank)
  • 이은영 (충북대학교 의과대학 구강악안면외과학교실, 의학연구소) ;
  • 김경원 (충북대학교 의과대학 구강악안면외과학교실, 의학연구소) ;
  • 엄인웅 (한국조직은행)
  • Published : 2006.07.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Viral, bacterial and fungal infections can be transmitted via allografts such as bone, skin, cornea and cardiovascular tissues. Allogenic bone grafts have possibility of transmission of hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), human T-Cell leukaemia virus (HTLV), tuberculosis and other bacterias. The tissue bank should have a policy for obtaining information from the patient's medical report as to whether the donor had risk factors for infectious diseases. Over the past several years, improvements in donor screening criteria, such as excluding potential donor with "high risk" for HIV-1 and hepatitis infection, and donor blood testing result in the reduction of transmission of these diseases. During tissue processing, many allografts are exposed to antibiotics, disinfectants and terminal sterilization such as irradiation, which further reduce or remove the risk of transmitting diseases. Because the effectiveness of some tissue grafts such as, fresh frozen osteochondral grafts, depends on cellular viability, not all can be subjected to sterilization and processing steps and, therefore, the risk of transmission of infectious disease remains. This article is review of the transmission of considering infectious disease in allogenic bone transplantation and the processing steps of reducing the risk. The risk of viral transmission in allografts can be reduced in several standards. The most important are donor-screening tests and the removal of blood and soft tissues by processing steps under the aseptic environment. In conclusion, final sterilizations including the irradiation, can be establish the safety of allografts.

Keywords

References

  1. Choo Y, Eastlund T : Tissue transplantation and HLA typing. Tissue Cell Report 3 : 2, 1996
  2. Eastlund T : The histo-blood group ABO system and tissue transplantation. Transfusion 38 : 975, 1998a https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.1998.381098440863.x
  3. Gottesdiener KM : Transplanted infections: Donor to host transmission with the allograft. Ann Intern Med 110 : 1001, 1989 https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-110-12-1001
  4. Penn I : Malignancy in transplanted organs. Transpl Int 6 : 1, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-2277.1993.tb00734.x
  5. O'day DM : Diseases potentially transmitted through corneal transplantation. Ophthalmology 96 : 1133, 1989 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0161-6420(89)32762-X
  6. Tomford WW, Thongphasuk J, Mankin HJ et al : Musculoskeletal allografts. A study of the clinical incidence and causes of infection associated with their use. J Bone Joint Surg 72A : 1137, 1990
  7. Schratt HE, Regeal G, Kiesewetter B et al : HIV infection caused cold preserved bone transplants. Unfallchirung 99 : 679, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1007/s001130050042
  8. Li CM, Ho YR, Liu YC : Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus through bone transplantation : A case report. J Formosan Med Assoc 100 : 350, 2001
  9. Centers for Disease control : Transmission of HIV through bone transplantation ; case report and public recommendations. Morbid & Mortal. Weekly Rep 37, 1988, p.597
  10. Centers for Disease control : Licensure of screening test for antibody to human Thymphotropic virus type1. Morbid & Mortal. Weekly Rep 37, 1988. p.736 &745
  11. Butler JJ, Osborne BN : Lymph node enlargement in patients with unsuspected human immunodeficiency virus infections. Hum Pathol 19 : 849, 1988 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0046-8177(88)80269-7
  12. Petersen LR, Satten GA, Dodd R et al : Duration of time from onset of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infectiousness to development of detectable antibody. Transfusion 34 : 283, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.1994.34494233574.x
  13. Zaaijer HL, Exel Oehlers P et al : Early detection of HIV-1 by third generation assay. Lancet 340 : 770, 1992 https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(92)92303-W
  14. Stramer SL, Cagliotti S, Strong DM : NAT of the United States and Canadian Blood Supply. Transfusion 50 : 1165, 2000
  15. Simonds RJ, Holmberg SD, Hurwitz RL et al : Transmission if human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from seronegative organ and tissue donor. New England J Med 326 : 726, 1992 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199203123261102
  16. Gomperis ED : Procedures for the inactivation of viruses in clotting factor concentrates. Am J Hematol 23 : 295, 1986 https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.2830230315
  17. Calvelli TA, Ruhinsterin A : Pediatric HIV infection: a review. Immunodefic Rev 2 : 83, 1990
  18. Strong DM, MacKenzie AP : Freeze-drying of tissues. In Musculoskelectal Tissue Banking, 1st ed. New York, Raven Press, 1993, p.181
  19. Eastlund T, Strong DM, Mowe J : The prevalence of infectious disease markers in cadaveric tissue donors: 1992 AATB survey results and a review. Proceedings of the 18th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Tissue Banks. San Francisco, California, August 20, 1994
  20. Carson ER, Marx RE, Buck BE : The potential for HIV transmission through allogeneic bone. A review of risks and safety. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Path 80 : 17, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1079-2104(95)80010-7
  21. Shurkin NM : Homologous serum hepatitis following the use of refrigerated bone bank bone. J Bone Joint Surg 36A : 160, 1954
  22. London WT, Sutnick AL, Blumberg BS : Australia antigen and acute viral hepatitis. Ann Intern Med 70 : 55, 1969 https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-1-55
  23. Tomford WW : Current Concept Review: Transmission of Disease through Transplantation of Musculoskelectal Allografts. J Bone and Joint Surg 77-A : 1742, 1995
  24. Eggen BM, Nordbo SA : Transmission of HCV by organ transplantation (Letter). N Engl J Med 326 : 411, 1992
  25. Pereira BJ, Miltord BL, Kirkman RL et al : Low risk of liver disease after tissue transplantation from donor with HCV(letter). Lancet 341 : 903, 1993
  26. Conrad EU, Gretch D, Obermeyer K et al : The transmission of hepatitis C virus by tissue transplantation, J Bone Joint Surg 77A : 214, 1995
  27. Sanzen L, Carlsson A : Transmission of human T-cell lymphotrophic virus-type I by a deep-frozen bone allograft. Acta Orthop Scand 68 : 72, 1997 https://doi.org/10.3109/17453679709003981
  28. Barens A : Transfusion transmitted treponemal infections. In Transfusion Transmitted Infections, 1st ed. Chicago, ASAP press, 1992, p.161
  29. Gibel LF, Stering W, Hoy W et al : Is serological evidence of infection with syphilis a contraindication to kidney donation- Case report and review of the literature. J Urol 138 : 1226, 1987 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)43558-0
  30. Buck BE, Malinin TI, Brown MD : Bone tranplantation and human immunodeficiency virus. An estimate of risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS). Clin Orthop 240 : 129, 1989
  31. Lee EY, Um IW, Jo YJ et al : The review of regulations for tissue bank in U.S.A. J of Korean Musculoskelectal Tissue Transplantation Society 1.1 : 20, 2001
  32. Aach RD : Primary hepatic viruses A. hepatitis B. delta hepatitis. and non-A.non-b hepatitis in Transfusion- Transmitted Viruses. Epidermology and Pathology. 1st ed, Virginia, S.J. Insalsco and Ariington, 1987, p.17
  33. Cumpbell DG, LiP, Stephenson AI et al. : Sterilization of HIV by gamma irradiation. A bone allograft model. Internat Orthop 18 : 172, 1994