Food Science and Biotechnology

Korean Society of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회)
권호 표지

Tocopherol and Tocotrienol Contents of Vegetable Oils, Margarines, Butters, and Peanut Butters Consumed in the Korean Diet

  • Lee, Seon-Mi (Department of Food Science and Technology and Research Center for Bioresource and Health, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Lee, Jun-Soo (Department of Food Science and Technology and Research Center for Bioresource and Health, Chungbuk National University)
  • Published : 2006.04.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The tocopherol and tocotrienol contents of 39 vegetable oils, margarines, butters, and peanut butters typically consumed in the Korea diet were determined by direct solvent extraction method followed by normal phase liquid chromatography. All samples were locally obtained in the Cheongju area in 2003 and 2004. The study examined data on 19 vegetable oils, 10 margarines, 6 butters, and 4 peanut butters. ${\gamma}$-Tocopherol (${\gamma}$-T) and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol (${\alpha}$-T) were detectable in all products except butters and were usually present in the vitamin E form in greater quantity than the other isomers. Usually, ${\gamma}$-T content was higher than ${\alpha}$-T content in many samples. Tocotrienols were measurable in some samples but usually at levels less than the corresponding tocopherols. Three analytical method validation parameters, accuracy, precision, and specificity, were calculated to ensure the method's validity and were all confirmed to be reliable and satisfactory.

Keywords

References

  1. Tappel AL. Vitamin E. pp. 179-203. In: The vitamins: fundamental aspects in nutrition and health. Combs GF Jr. (ed). Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA (1992)
  2. Eitenmiller RR, Lee J. Analysis of tocopherols and tocotrienols in foods. pp. 323-424. In: Vitamin E: Food Chemistry, Composition and Analysis. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY, USA (2004)
  3. Eitenmiller RR, Landen WO Jr. Vitamin E: Tocopherols and tocotrienols. pp. 109-148. In: Vitamin Analysis for the Health and Food Sciences. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA (1999)
  4. Landen WO Jr. Application of gel permeation chromatography and nonaqueous reverse phase chromatography to high performance liquid chromatographic determination of retinyl palmitate and utocopheryl acetate in infant formula. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 65: 810-816 (1982)
  5. Chase GW Jr., Eitenmiller RR, Long AR. Liquid chromatographic analysis of all-rac-$\alpha$-tocopheryl acetate, tocopherols, and retinyl palmitate in SRM 1846. J. Liq. Chromatogr. R. T. 20: 3317-3327 (1997) https://doi.org/10.1080/10826079708005833
  6. Chase GW Jr., Long AR, Eitenmiller RR. Liquid chromatographic method for analysis of all-rac-o-tocopheryl acetate and retinyl palmitate in soy-based infant formula using a zero-control reference material (ZAM) as a method development tool. AOAC Int. 81: 577581 (1998)
  7. Ye L, Landen WO Jr., Eitenmiller RR. Liquid chromatographic analysis of all-trans retinyl palmitate, $\beta$-carotene and extraction of encapsulated and nonencapsulated retinyl palmitate. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48: 4003-4008 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000341w
  8. Ye L, Landen WO Jr., Eitenmiller RR. Simplified extraction procedure and HPLC determination for total vitamin E and 13carotene of reduced-fat mayonnaise. J. Food Sci. 65: 1-5 (2000)
  9. Qureshi AA, Qureshi N, Wright JJK, Shen S, Kramer G, Gabor A, Chong YH, DeWitt G, Ong ASH, Peterson D, Bradlow BA. Lowering of serum cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic humans by tocotrienols (palmvitee). Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 53: 1021s-1026s (1991)
  10. Gould MN, Haag JD, Kennan WS, Tanner MA, Elson CE. A comparison of tocopherol and tocotrienol for the chemo-prevention of chemically induced rat mammary tumors. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 53: 1068s-1070s (1991)
  11. Scott ML. Vitamin E. pp. 133-210. In: Handbook of Lipid Research. DeLuca HF (ed). Plenum Press, New York, NY, USA (1978)
  12. Lee J, Ye L, Landen WO Jr., Eitenmiller RR. Optimization of an extraction procedure for the quantitation of vitamin E in tomato and broccoli using response surface methodology. J. Food Comp. Anal. 13: 45-57 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1006/jfca.1999.0845
  13. Lee J, Landen WO Jr., Phillips RD, Eitenmiller RR. Application of direct solvent extraction to the LC quantification of vitamin E in peanuts, peanut butter and selected nuts. Peanut Sci. 25: 213-218 (1998)
  14. Ye L, Landen WO Jr., Lee J, Eitenmiller RR. Vitamin E content of margarine and reduced fat products using a simplified extraction procedure and HPLC determination. J. Liq. Chromatogr. R. T. 21: 1227-1238 (1998) https://doi.org/10.1080/10826079808006596
  15. Haroon Y, Bacon DS, Sadowski JA. Liquid-chromatographic determination of vitamin $K_1$ in plasma, with fluorometric detection. Clin. Chem. 32: 1925-1929 (1986)
  16. McLaughlin PJ, Weihrauch JL. Vitamin E content of foods. J. Am Diet Assoc. 75: 647-665 (1979)
  17. Slover HT, Thompson JR, Davis CS, Merola GV. Lipids in margarines and margarine-like foods. J. Am. Oil Chern. Soc. 62: 776-792 (1985)