Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

대한소아청소년과학회 (The Korean Pediatric Society)
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무균성 뇌막염 환자에서 뇌척수액과 대변 채취 시점에 따른 PCR의 유용성

Utility of polymerase chain reaction(PCR) according to sampling time in CSF and stool specimens from patient with aseptic meningitis

  • Kim, Myo Jing (Department of Pediatrics, Il Sin Christian Hospital) ;
  • Lee, Hye Jin (Department of Pediatrics, Il Sin Christian Hospital) ;
  • Choi, Jung Mi (Department of Pediatrics, Il Sin Christian Hospital) ;
  • Jung, Soo Jin (Department of Pediatrics, Il Sin Christian Hospital) ;
  • Huh, Jae Won (Department of Pediatrics, Il Sin Christian Hospital)
  • 투고 : 2006.02.27
  • 심사 : 2006.05.09
  • 발행 : 2006.07.15
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초록

목 적 : 장바이러스는 모든 연령층에서 무균성 뇌막염의 가장 흔한 원인으로 확진은 뇌척수액에서 직접 바이러스를 검출하는 것이나 시일이 많이 걸리고 민감도가 낮아 뇌척수액, 대변 등 환자의 검체에서 바이러스 RNA를 탐지하는 PCR법이 대두되었다. 무균성 뇌막염 환자에서 뇌척수액과 대변의 채취 시기에 따라 검체별 PCR 양성률이 달라서 이에 관한 평가가 필요하다. 이에 저자들은 소아 환자에서 무균성 뇌막염을 진단함에 있어 증상 발현 후 뇌척수액과 대변 검체의 채취 시기에 따른 검체별 PCR의 유용성을 알고자하였다. 방 법 : 2005년 6월 11일부터 8월 30일까지 부산 일신기독병원에 입원하여 무균성 뇌막염으로 진단 받은 42례를 대상으로 임상 증상의 발현 시점에서 뇌척수액과 대변 채취 시기에 따른 검체별 PCR 결과를 조사하였다. 결 과 : 뇌척수액의 경우 증상 발현 시점부터 검체 채취 시기까지의 기간이 2일 이내였던 18례 중 PCR 양성은 9례(50.0%)로 2일이 지나 채취된 검체 24례 중 PCR 양성 1례(4.2%)에 비해 유의하게 높았다(P=0.001). 반면 대변의 경우는 일주일까지 채취 시점에 관계없이 PCR 양성률이 평균 90.5%로 지속적으로 높았다. 뇌척수액 10례(23.8%)에서 장바이러스 PCR이 양성이었고, 바이러스가 밝혀진 9례(21.4%)에서 coxsackievirus B5 6례, coxsackievirus B3 3례였다. 대변의 경우 42례 중 38례(90.5%)에서 장바이러스 PCR이 양성으로 echovirus 18 7례, echovirus 9 3례, coxsackievirus B5 8례, coxsackievirus B3 3례였다. 뇌척수액과 대변에서 동시에 배양된 경우는 6례로 모두 coxsackievirus B5였다. 결 론 : 대변을 이용한 PCR은 장바이러스 뇌막염 동안 장바이러스를 검출하는 임상적으로 민감한 검사법으로 질병 경과 동안 진단을 예측하게 한다. 결정적인 진단은 뇌척수액 PCR에 의해 얻어지나 발병 2일 후 얻어진 검체에서는 그 유용성이 매우 낮아서 임상 증상이 2일 이상 경과하였을 때는 뇌척수액 PCR 이외에 대변을 이용한 PCR을 같이 검사하는 것이 도움이 된다.

Purpose : Enteroviruses are the most common cause of aseptic meningitis in patients of all ages. A definite diagnosis of enteroviral meningitis can be established by detection of virus directly in CSF specimens. But this is time-consuming and lacks sensitivity, so polymerase chain reaction(PCR) detecting of viral RNA in patient specimens such as CSF, stool has been demonstrated. But little is known about the influence of sampling time on the results of CSF PCR and stool PCR. We investigated diagnostic utility of PCR of CSF and stool according to sampling time after the onset of symptoms. Methods : PCR results were analyzed according to sampling time for 42 patients diagnosed aseptic meningits in our hospital from $11^{th}$ January to $30^{th}$ August, 2005. Results : The diagnostic yield of the test was higher of CSF specimens obtained ${\leq_-}2$ days after clinical onset(positive PCR results 9/18, 50 percent), compared with CSF collected >2 days after onset(positive PCR results 1/24, 4.2 percent)(P=0.001). Instead, positive PCR results of fecal specimens maintained highly(average 90.5 percent), 10 cases had also positive PCR results even 5-6 days after onset. 10 cases of CSF specimens had positive enterovirus PCR results containing coxsackievirus B5 (n=6), coxsackievirus B3(n=3). 38 cases of stool specimens had positive enterovirus PCR results containing echovirus 18(n=7), echovirus 9(n=3), coxsackievirus B5(n=8), coxsackievirus B3(n=3). 6 cases(coxackie B5) had positive CSF PCR and stool PCR, both. Conclusion : Stool PCR was clinically sensitive for detecting enterovirus during enteroviral meningits and could give a presumptive diagnosis throughout the disease course. A definite diagnosis was obtained by CSF PCR, but its utility was clearly lower for samples obtained >2 days after clinical onset. Therefore, it is recommended that, in addition to performance of CSF PCR, fecal samples obtained from patients with suspected enteroviral meningitis should be tested by PCR, especially when the duration of symptoms is >2 days.

키워드

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