DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Numerical Modeling on Concrete Heterogeneity

콘크리트 비균질성에 대한 수치모델의 영향

  • Rhee, In-Kyu (Track & Civil Engineering Research Dept., Korea Railroad Research Institute) ;
  • Kim, Woo (Dept. of Civil Engineering, Chonnam National University)
  • 이인규 (한국철도기술연구원) ;
  • 김우 (전남대학교 토목공학과)
  • Published : 2006.04.30

Abstract

The composition of most engineering materials is heterogeneous at some degree. It is simply a question of scale at which the level of heterogeneity becomes apparent. In the case of cementitious granular materials such as concrete the heterogeneity appears at the mesoscale where it is comprised of aggregate particles, a hardened cement paste and voids. Since it is difficult to consider each separate particle in the topological description explicitly, numerical models of the meso-structure are normally confined to two-phase matrix particle composites in which only the larger inclusions are accounted for. 2-D and 3-D concrete blocks(Representative Volume Element, RVE) are used to simulating heterogeneous concrete meso-structures in the form of aggregates in the hardened mortar with nearly zero-thickness linear or planar interfaces. The numerical sensitivity of these meso-structures are Investigated with respect to the different morphologies of heterogeneity and the different level of coupling constant among fracture mode I, II and III. In addition, a numerically homogenized concrete block in 3-D using Hashin-Shtrikman variational bounds provides an evidence of the effective cracking paths which are quite different with those of heterogenous concrete block. However, their average force-displacement relationship show a pretty close match each other.

서로 다른 공학적 특성을 가진 재료로 구성된 2상 복합체인 콘크리트의 본질적인 균열 발생 현상과 전파 양상을 관찰하기 위해서는 보다 비균질성이 명확해지는 크기 규모에 대한 관찰이 필요하다. 시멘트성 입상재료인 콘크리트의 경우 이러한 비균질성의 영향은 골재입자의 형상, 비등방성, 체적비, 공극률 그리고 골재-모르타르 간의 계면 특성 등으로 나타나며, 주로 중규모 크기에서 고려될 수 있다. 실제적으로 이러한 모든 영향요소를 전부 위상적으로 고려하기는 어려우므로 이러한 중규모 크기의 수치모델은 상대적으로 큰 혼입재인 골재와 그 골재들을 구속하고 있는 모르타르로 구분되는 2상 복합체로 간주하고 임의의 응력 상태에서 모르타르-모르타르 간 점착파괴와 골재-모르타르 간 부착파괴가 재료의 비균질성에 따라 달라지는 현상을 관찰하였다. 더불어 중규모의 균열과 거시규모의 균열 양상을 비교하는 데 수치 동질화 과정을 이용하여 비교하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Stankowski, T., Numerical Simulation of Progressive Failure in the Particle Composite, PhD. Thesis, CU-Boulder, 1990. 118pp
  2. Carol, I., Prat, P. C., and Lopez, C. M., 'A Normal/ Shear Cracking Model: Application to Discrete Crack Analysis', Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, Vol.123, 1997, pp.765-773 https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1997)123:8(765)
  3. Willam, K., Rhee, I., and Shing, B., 'Interlace Damage Model for Thermo-Mechanical Degradation of Heterogeneous Materials', Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, Vol.193, 2004, pp.3327-3350 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2003.09.020
  4. Lemaitre, J., A Course on Damage Mechanics, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1996. pp.1 - 228
  5. Mazars, J., 'A Description of Micro-and Macro-Scale Damage of Concrete Structures', Journal of Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Vol.25, 2001, pp.729-737
  6. Camacho, G. and Ortiz, M., 'Computational Modeling of Impact Damage in Brittle Materials', Int'l Journal of Solids and Structures, Vol.33, 1996, pp.2899-2938 https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7683(95)00255-3
  7. Tijssens, M.G.A., On the Cohesive Surface Methodology for Fracture of Brittle Heterogeneous Solids, Ph.D. Thesis, Technische Universiteit Delft, The Netherlands, 2001, 152pp
  8. Hillerborg, A., Modeer, M. and Petersson, P.E., 'Analysis of Crack Formation and Crack Growth in Concrete by Means of Fracture Mechanics and Finite Elements', Cement and Concrete Research, Vol.6, 1976, pp.773-782 https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(76)90007-7
  9. Dept. of CEAE and Dept. of AE, FEM-C++: A Totally Objected Oriented Program for Finite Element Modeling, User's Manual, CU-Boulder, 2004, 104pp
  10. Hashin, Z., 'Analysis of composite materials', Journal of Applied Mechanics, ASME, Vol.50, 1987, pp.481-505
  11. Bazant, Z. P., Caner, F. C., Cedolin, L., Cusatis, G., and Di Luzio, G., 'Fracturing Material Models Based on Micromechanical Concepts: Recent Advances', Ia- FruMCos5, Vail, CO USA, April, 2004, pp.83-89
  12. Caballero, A., Lopez, C. M., and Carol, I., '3D Meso-Structural Analysis of Concrete Specimens under Uniaxial Tension', Ia-FraMCos5, Vail, CO USA, April, 2004, pp.329 - 335
  13. Nagai, K., Sato, Y., and Ueda, T., 'Three Dimesional Mesoscopic Analyses of Mortar and Concrete Model by Rigid Body Spring Model', Ia-FraMCos5, Vail, CO USA, April, 2004, pp.353 - 360