Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

  • 제19권10호
  • /
  • Pages.1455-1463
  • /
  • 2006
  • /
  • 1011-2367(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1976-5517(eISSN)
아세아태평양축산학회 (Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Molasses at Different Levels in Concentrate Supplement on Milk Yield of Dairy Cows Grazing Setaria Grass (Setaria Sphacelata) Pasture in Fiji

  • Eroni, V. Tamani (Pasture Research and Development Unit, Animal Health and Production Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Sugar and Land Resettlement, Koronivia Research Station) ;
  • Aregheore, E.M. (The University of the South Pacific, School of Agriculture and Food Technology Animal Science Department, Alafua Campus)
  • 투고 : 2005.11.07
  • 심사 : 2006.03.30
  • 발행 : 2006.10.01
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Effects of different levels of molasses in a concentrate supplement on milk yield of cows grazing Setaria grass pastures were investigated. Thirty Friesian cows, 6-7 years old with mean pre-experimental body weight of $428{\pm}6.5$ kg, in early stage of lactation were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design experiment that lasted for 126 days. Experimental dietary treatments were forage alone and forage/concentrate mixtures with molasses included at 0, 5, 10 or 15% levels designated as $T_1$, $T_2$, $T_3$, $T_4$ and $T_5$, respectively. The parameters studied were voluntary dry matter (DM) intake, average daily live weight change (LWC), milk yield, body condition score (BCS) and apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients. The DM and energy contents of Setaria grass were low compared to the concentrate diets. Fibre fractions-NDF, ADF, ADL, hemicellulose and cellulose; and gross energy were higher in concentrate mixtures than in the forage. Total DM intake (forage+concentrate mixtures) was significantly higher (p<0.001) in cows on the concentrate mixtures. LWC was not significantly different (p>0.05) between the cows. Average milk yields were significantly different (p<0.05) between cows. Fat corrected milk (FCM) was similar among cows in the treatments. BCS was better (p<0.001) in cows on concentrate mixtures. Digestibilities of DM, CP, NDF, ADF, ADL, OM, and energy were significantly higher (p<0.001) in cows on $T_2$, $T_3$, $T_4$ and $T_5$ than in those on $T_1$. There were no significant differences in the digestibility of DM, CP, NDF, ADF and ADL (p>0.001) in cows on concentrate mixtures. This study therefore demonstrated that lactating dairy cows in Fiji need a level of readily fermented energy source such as molasses in their diets; however, a level above 10% is not nutritionally suitable for lactating dairy cows. Based on data on production parameters-milk yield, fat corrected milk, body condition score and apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients-molasses levels that range between 5-10% are recommended, however, 10% is the best and therefore recommended for inclusion in the concentrate mixture of lactating dairy cows on a basal diet of Setaria sphacelata in Fiji.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. AOAC. 1990. Association Official Analytical Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis, Arlington, Virginia. p. 684
  2. Aregheore, E. M. 2000. Crop residues and agro-industrial byproducts in four Pacific Island countries: Availability, utilization and potential value in ruminant nutrition. Asia-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 13 Supplement July 2000B:266-269
  3. Butterworth, M. H. 1964. The digestible energy content of some tropical forages. J. Agric. Sci. Cambridge, 64:319-321
  4. Crampton, E. W. 1956. Applied Animal Nutrition. The use of feedstuffs in the formulation of livestock rations. Bailey Brothers and Swinfen Limited, London, pp. 458
  5. Crest Feed. 2002. Dairy and Poultry ration leaflet. Goodman Fielder International (Fiji) Ltd. Nausori, Fiji
  6. Domeoq, J. J., A. L. Skidmore, J. W. Lloyd and J. B. Kaneene. 1997. Relationship between body condition score s and milk yield in a large dairy herd of high yielding Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 80:101-112 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(97)75917-4
  7. FAO. 1991. Development of animal feed based on locally available ingredients in the Pacific region. RAPA Publication 1991(13). FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand. p. 37
  8. FAO. 1998. Grazing livestock in the South West Pacific-the benefits of improved production. FAO Sub Regional Office for the Pacific
  9. Gill, M., S. V. O. Berry and T. R. Preston. 1981. Molasses and sugar cane juice as energy supplements for milk production. Trop. Anim. Prod. 6:127-132
  10. Gohl, B. L. 1981. Tropical Feeds-feed information summaries and nutritive values. FAO Animal Production and Health Series, 12, Rome
  11. Hall, M. B. 2003. 'Working with sugars (and molasses)', Proceedings 13th Annual Florida Ruminant Nutrition Synposium, pp. 146-158. [On line] Available from http:www.ifas.ufl.edu/~ona/onahp.html, [accessed 18 August 2003]
  12. Harris, L. E. and L. C. Kear. 1978. International collection and dissemination of information on animal feeds, In: Ruminant nutrition-selected articles from the World Animal Review. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper (12)
  13. Hatch, C. F. and W. M. Beeson, 1972. Effect of different levels of cane molasses on nitrogen and energy utilisation in urea rations for steers. J. Anim. Science, 35:854-858 https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1972.354854x
  14. Khalili, H. and P. Huhtanen. 1991. Sucrose supplements in cattle given grass silage-based diet. 3. Rumen pool size and digestion kinetics. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 33:275-287 https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(91)90066-2
  15. Kumar Ravi, M., D. P. Tiwari and Anil Kumar. 2005. Effects of undegradable dietary protein level and plane of nutrition on lactation performance of crossbred cattle. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 18(10):1407-1413 https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2005.1407
  16. Lofgreen, G. P. and K. K. Otagaki. 1960a. The net energy of black strap molasses for lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 43:200-205
  17. Lofgreen, G. P. and K. K. Otagaki. 1960b. The net energy of black -strap molasses for fattening steers as determine by comparative slaughter technique. J. Anim. Sci. 19:392-403 https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1960.192392x
  18. Losada, H. and T. R. Preston. 1974. Effects of final or high-test molasses on molasses toxicity. Cuban J. Agric. Sci. 8:11-20
  19. Meissner, H. H., H. H. Koster, S. H. Nieuwoudt and R. J. Coetze. 1991. Effects of energy supplementation on intake and digestionof early and mid season ryegrass and Panicum/Smut finger hay and in sacco disappearance of various forage species. South African J. Anim. Sci. 21:33-42
  20. Minitab for Windows. 2000. Minitab release-version 13, Minitab Incorporation, 3081 Enterprise Drive, State College, Pennsylvania 16801-3008, 814-223-3280, USA
  21. Morrison, S. H. 1967. 1967-1968 Ingredient analysis and estimated feed value table for beef and sheep rations. Feedstuffs. p. 39
  22. Murphy, J. J. 1999. The effects of increasing the proportion of molasses in the diet of milking cows on milk production and composition. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 78:189-198 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(99)00007-3
  23. National Research Council. 1989. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. 6th revised edition. National Academy of Science, Washington, DC
  24. National Research Council. 2001. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. 7th revised edition. Nat. Acad. Sci. Washington, DC
  25. O'Donovan, P. B., M. C. Chen and P. K. Lee. 1972. Conservation methods and feeding value for ruminants of pineapple bran mixtures. Trop. Agric. 49:135-141
  26. Osuji, P. O., H. Khalil and N. N. Umunna. 1995. The effects of cottonseed cake with or without molasses on feed utilization, purine excretion, and milk production of Boran (Bos indicus) cows fed a mixture of wheat and oat straw. Trop. Agric. 72(1):63-69
  27. Parker, W. J., S. T. Morris, D. J. Garrick, G. L. Vincent and S. N. McCutcheon. 1990. Intraruminal chromium controlled release capsules for measuring herbage intake in ruminants - a review. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production, (50):437-442
  28. Ranacou, E. 1985. Technical bulletin on farming information. Information Unit, MAFF, Fiji
  29. Rokomatu, I. N. 2001. Effective management of available feed resources for sustainable milk production in the South Pacific Region: Fiji Perspective In: (Ed. E. M. Aregheore, M. Umar and E. Adams). Sustainable Ruminant Livestock production in The South Pacific Region. Proceedings of the regional Workshop held on June 25-July 2, 2001 at Hotel Peninsula, Suva, Fiji Islands. IRETA Print Media Unit, Alafua Campus, Apia, Samoa
  30. Samson. E. 1993. Fiji's Dairy Industry-A case for intensification, Draft report. MAFF, Fiji
  31. Sawal, R. K. and C. K. Kurar. 1998. Milk yield and its fat content as affected by dietary factors: A review. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 11(3):217-233 https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.1998.217
  32. Selk, G. (undated). Monitoring the dairy cow condition. p. 4
  33. Singh, S. N., A. Vuniwaqa, I. Rasousou and J. Wainiqolo. 1985. Evaluation of the effect of Para and Setaria grasses on milk yield and composition. Annual Research Report (5), MAFF, Fiji
  34. Spiekers, H., A. M. Klunter, V. Pothast and E. Pfeffer. 1991. Effects of different concentrate levels on milk yield, feed intake, live weight change, health and reproduction in dairy cows. Lives. Prod. Sci. 28:89-105 https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(91)90001-7
  35. Sudan, I. B. and R. A. Leng. 1986. Effect of supplementing a wheat straw diet with urea or urea molasses block and or cottonseed meal on intake and liveweight change of lambs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 16:25-35 https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(86)90047-7
  36. Sutton, J. D. 1979. Rumen function and the utilization of readily fermentable carbohydrates by dairy cows. Trop. Anim. Prod. 4:1-12
  37. Sutton, J. D. 1981. Concentrate feeding and milk composition: In: Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition (Ed W. Haresign). Butterworths, London. pp. 35-48
  38. Sutton, J. D., R. H. Phipps, S. B. Cammell and D. J. Humphries. 2001. Attempts to improve the utilization of urea treated whole crop wheat by lactating cows. J. Anim. Sci. 73:137-147 https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357729800058136
  39. Van Soest, P. J., J. B. Robertson and B. A. Lewis. 1991. Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74: 3583-3597 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
  40. Wang, A. S., D. F. Jan, K. J. Chen, D. W. Yang and Y. K. Fan. 2004. Dietary supplementation of fat increased milk fat percentage without affecting ruminal characteristics of Holstein cows in warm tropical environment. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 17(2):213-220
  41. Woods, B. L. 1990. Dietary effects on milk protein in dairy cows. Ph.D. thesis, University of Glasgow, pp. 108-134
  42. Yan, T., D. J. Roberts and J. Higginbotham. 1997. The effects of high concentrations of molasses and suplementation with nitrogen and unprotected tallow on intake and performance of dairy cows. Anim. Sci. 64:17-24 https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357729800015514

피인용 문헌

  1. The potential of the legume types in the quality and economic value of Nitrogen of Setaria anceps Stapf vol.492, pp.None, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/492/1/012020