Bee-Venom Acupuncture Treatment of Hip Osteoarthritis in a Dog

개에서 둔부 골관절염의 봉침 치료

  • Kim Tae-Hwa (Kim Tae-Hwa Animal Clinic) ;
  • Kim Byung-Young (Noah Animal Clinic) ;
  • Kim Won-Bae (Gaepo Animal Clinic) ;
  • Kim Kwang-Shik (Withpet Animal Clinic) ;
  • Liu Jianzhu (Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University) ;
  • Kim Duck-Hwan (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Rogers Phil A.M. (Teagasc, Grange Research Centre, Dunsany, Co.)
  • Published : 2006.06.01

Abstract

Two weeks of therapy with intra-articular hyaluronic acid and oral caprofen failed to improve the clinical signs of hip osteoarthritis radiologically confirmed in a dog. Then, over the period of 30 days (7 sessions at 5-day intervals), bee- venom acupuncture (BV-AP, injection of bee venom at acupoints, also called apitoxin-aquapuncture) plus Trigger Point (TP) therapy was used. Five acupoints on the affected right limb were injected each time: GB30(as local point), plus ST35, GB33, BL40 and LIV08 (as distant points). The injection mixture (0.2 ml/point; total 1 ml/session) was saline + apitoxin + 2% lidocaine, so that the injected solution contained $100{\mu}g$ apitoxin diluted in 0.2% lidocaine-saline solution/ml. The total dose of apitoxin used was, therefore, $100{\mu}g/session$, divided over the 5 acupoints. One TP in the middle of the right quadriceps muscle was injected with 2% lidocaine (0.2 ml/point) each time. BV-AP improved the clinical signs rapidly; lameness and ataxia were disappear after 7 sessions (30 days); the right hind limb muscular atrophy was much improved and the hip radiograph was almost normal two weeks after 7 sessions (44 days). The present patient was a case with canine hip osteoarthritis which showed favorable therapeutic response by BV-AP plus TP therapy.

개에서 방사선 검사로 확진한 둔부 골관절염 증례에 대하여 hyaluronic acid의 관절강내 주사 및 caprofen의 경구투여를 2주간 치료를 하였으나, 임상증상이 개선되지 않았다. 봉독 수침요법(5일 간격, 7회)과 압통점 치료를 병용하였다. 수침에 사용된 혈위는 이환 된 우측 환지의 5개 혈위를 사용하였다: GB30(국소혈), ST35, GB33, BL40 및 LIV08(원위혈). 수침재료(0.2 ml/혈위, 전체 1 ml/회)는 apitoxin $100{\mu}g+2%$ 리도카인 (1:1)+생리식염수로 제조하였고, 5개 혈위에 각각 0.2 ml씩 수침하였다. 또한 우측 환지의 대퇴사두근의 압통점에 2% 리도카인(0.2ml/압통점)을 매회 치료 시 각각 수침하였다. 봉침 수침 요법은 임상증상을 급속하게 개선시켰는데, 파행 및 보행실조가 7회 치료(30일) 후 소실되었으며, 우측 후지의 근육 위축이 많이 호전되었고, 치료 종료 2주 후(44일)에 방사선 검사 상 환부는 거의 정상소견을 나타내었다. 본 환축은 봉독 수침 요법과 압통점 치료의 병용으로 양호한 치료반응을 나타난 개의 둔부 골관절염의 증례이었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Chen J, Luo C, Li H, Chen H. Primary hyperalgesia to mechanical and heat stimuli following subcutaneous bee venom injection into plantar surface hind paw in the conscious rat: a comparative study with formalin test. Pain 1999; 83: 67-76 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3959(99)00075-5
  2. Choi SH, Cho SK, Kang SS, Bea CS, Bai YH, Lee SH, Perk SC. Effect of apitherapy in piglets with preweaning diarrhea. Am J Chin Med. 2003; 31: 321-326 https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X03001004
  3. Choi SH, Kang SS. Therapeutic effect of bee venom in sows with hypogalactia syndrome postpartum. J Vet Sci 2001; 2: 121-124
  4. Choi SH, Kang SS, Bae CS, Cho SK, Park SC. Effect of bee venom treatment in sows with oligogalactic syndrome postpartum. Am J Chin Med. 2003; 31: 149-155 https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X03000801
  5. Jeong SM, Yang TA, Nam TC. Treatment of intervertebral disc disease in dogs: 56 cases (1999-2001). J Vet Clin 2002; 19: 219-224
  6. John E, Michael D, Loren JN. Pelvic limb paresis, paralysis or ataxia. In: Michael, D. Handbook of veterinary neurology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: W. B Saunders 1997: 89-103
  7. Kang SS, Pak SC, Choi SH. The effect of whole bee venom on arthritis. Am J Chin Med. 2002; 30: 73-80 https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X02000089
  8. Kim HW, Kwon YB, Ham TW, Roh DH, Yoon SY, Lee HJ, Han HJ, Yang IS, Beitz AJ, Lee JH. Acupoint stimulation using bee venom attenuates formalin-induced pain behavior and spinal cord fos expression in rats. J Vet Med Sci. 2003; 65: 349-355 https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.65.349
  9. Kim HW, Kwon YB, Han HJ, Yang IS, Beitz AJ, Lee JH. Antinociceptive mechanisms associated with diluted bee venom acupuncture (apipuncture) in the rat formalin test: involvement of descending adrenergic and serotonergic pathways. Pharmacol Res. 2005; 51: 183-188 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2004.07.011
  10. Kim MH. Bee venom therapy & bee acupuncture therapy. Seoul: Korean Education and Planning Co., 1992: 67-182
  11. Kim NS, Lee CH, Lee JI, Park YJ, Lee BG, Choi IH. Acupuncture therapy of T2-L1 intervertebral disk disease in dogs. J Vet Clin 2004; 21: 380-383
  12. Kline KL, Caplan ER Joseph RJ. Acupuncture for neurologic disorders. In: Veterinary acupuncture, 2nd ed. Mosby 2001: 184-188
  13. Kober U. Successful treatment of a dashchshung with posttraumatic epidural hematoma and flaccid parasis of the hindquarters. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 1971; 84: 129-130
  14. Kwon YB, Han HJ, Beitz AJ, Lee JH. Bee venom acupoint stimulation increases Fos expression in catecholaminergic neurons in the rat brain. Mol Cells 2004; 17: 329-333
  15. Kwon YB, Lee HJ, Han HJ, Mar WC, Kang SK, Yoon OB, Beitz JH. The water-soluble fraction of bee venom produces antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects on rheumatoid arthritis in rats. Life Sci 2002; 71: 191-204 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(02)01617-X
  16. Kwon YB, Lee JD, Lee HJ, Han HJ, Mar WC, Kang SK, Beitz AJ, Lee JH. Bee venom injection into an acupuncture point reduces arthritis associated edema and nociceptive responses. Pain 2001; 90: 271-280 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3959(00)00412-7
  17. Kwon YB, Kang MS, Han HJ, Beitz AJ, Lee JH. Visceral antinociception produced by bee venom stimulation of the zhongwan acupuncture point in mice: role of alpha(2) adrenoceptors. Neurosci Lett 2001; 308: 133-137 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3940(01)01989-9
  18. Kwon YB, Kang MS, Kim HW, Ham TW, Yim YK, Jeong SH, Park DS, Choi DY, Han HJ, Beitz AJ, Lee JH. Antinociceptive effects of bee venom acupuncture (apipuncture) in rodent animal models: a comparative study of acupoint versus non-acupoint stimulation. Acupunct Electrother Res 2001; 26: 59-68 https://doi.org/10.3727/036012901816356054
  19. Kwon YB, Kim HW, Ham TW, Yoon SY, Roh DH, Han HJ, Beitz AJ, Yang IS, Lee JH. The anti-inflammatory effect of bee venom stimulation in a mouse air pouch model is mediated by adrenal medullary activity. J Neuroendocrinol 2003; 15: 93-96 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2826.2003.00951.x
  20. Kwon YB, Kim JH, Yoon JH, Lee JD, Han HJ, Mar WC, Beitz AJ, Lee JH. The analgesic efficacy of bee venom acupuncture for knee osteoarthritis: a comparative study with needle acupuncture. Am J Chin Med 2001; 29: 187-199 https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X01000228
  21. Lee JD, Kim SY, Kim TW, Lee SH, Yang HI, Lee DI, Lee YH. Anti-inflammatory effect of bee venom on type II collagen induced arthritis. Am J Chin Med 2004; 32: 361-367 https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X04002016
  22. Lee JM, Kweon OK, Nam TC. Postoperative electroacupuncture in 2 dogs with lameness after reduction of medial patella luxation. J Clin Med 1999; 16: 230-234
  23. Lubke LL, Garon CF. The antimicrobial agent melittin exhibits powerful in vitro inhibitory effects on the lyme disease spirochete. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 25: S48-S51 https://doi.org/10.1086/516165
  24. Pearn J, Hawgood S. Bee-sting anaphylaxis in childhood. Med J Aust 1979; 2: 228-230
  25. Roh DH, Kwon YB, Kim HW, Ham TW, Yoon SY, Kang SY, Han HJ, Lee HJ, Beitz AJ, Lee JH. Acupoint stimulation with diluted bee venom (apipuncture) alleviates thermal hyperalgesia in a rodent neuropathic model: involvement of spinal alpha 2-adrenoceptors. Pain 2004; 5: 297-303 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2004.05.003
  26. Roush JK. Diseases of joints and ligaments. In: Handbook of Small Animal Practice. Eds: Morgan AV, Bright RM, Swartout MS. 4th ed., Philadelpia: Sauders, 2003: 773-789
  27. Seo KM. Electroacupuncture therapy for the treatment of thoracolumbar disc disease in dogs. Kor J Vet Res 1995; 35: 863-868
  28. Song KH, Hong MS, Seo JM, Lee SE, Lee YW, Kim DH. Cases applied the electroacupuncture and combined therapy with electroacupuncture and aquapuncture for canine hind limb paralysis. Kor J Vet Med 2003; 56: 889-892
  29. Sumikura H, Andersen OK, Drewes AM, Arendt-Nielsen L. A comparison of hyperalgesia and neurogenic inflammation induced by melittin and capsaicin in humans. Neurosci Lett 2003; 337: 147-150 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3940(02)01325-3
  30. Yin CS, Lee HJ, Hong SJ, Chung JH, Koh HG. Microarray analysis of gene expression in chondrosarcoma cells treated with bee venom. Toxicon 2005; 45: 81-91 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.09.017