Effects of Donor Cells and Estrus Synchronization on the Production of Cloned Korean Native Goat

공핵 세포 및 발정 동기화가 복제 재래 산양 생산에 미치는 영향

  • Park H.S. (Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology & RAIRC, Jinju National University) ;
  • Kim T.S. (Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology & RAIRC, Jinju National University) ;
  • Jung S.Y. (Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology & RAIRC, Jinju National University) ;
  • Park J.K. (Gyeongnam Swine Research Institute) ;
  • Lee J.S. (Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology & RAIRC, Jinju National University) ;
  • Jung J.Y. (Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology & RAIRC, Jinju National University)
  • 박희성 (진주산업대학교 동물생명과학과.동물생명산업지역협력연구센터) ;
  • 김태숙 (진주산업대학교 동물생명과학과.동물생명산업지역협력연구센터) ;
  • 정수영 (진주산업대학교 동물생명과학과.동물생명산업지역협력연구센터) ;
  • 박준규 (경남첨단양돈연구소) ;
  • 이지삼 (진주산업대학교 동물생명과학과.동물생명산업지역협력연구센터) ;
  • 정장용 (진주산업대학교 동물생명과학과.동물생명산업지역협력연구센터)
  • Published : 2006.06.01

Abstract

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of donor cell types, the source of recipient oocytes and estrous synchronization on pregnancy and delivery rates of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos in Korean native goats. Recipient oocytes were surgically collected after superovulation. Ear cells and fetal fibroblasts were collected and cultured in serum-starvation condition (TCM-199 + 0.5% FBS) for cell confluence. The zonae pellucidae of in vivo- and in vitro-matured oocytes were partially drilled using a laser system. Single somatic cell was transferred into the enucleated oocyte. The reconstructed oocytes were electrically fused with 0.3 M mannitol. After the fusion, embryos were activated by Ionomycin+6-DMAP. NT embryos were cultured in mSOF medium supplemented with 0.8% BSA at $39^{\circ}C$ in an atmosphere of 5% $CO_2$, 5% $O_2$, 90% $N_2$ for 12 to 20 hr. One hundred and two SCNT embryos were transferred into 20 recipients and pregnancy rate at days 30 was 20.0%. Of them, one developed to term and delivered 1 kid. Ear cells showed significantly higher fusion (63.8 vs. 26.5%) and pregnancy rates (20.0 vs. 0.0%) than those of fetal fibroblast (p<0.05). The recipients synchronized by CIDR showed significantly lower pregnancy rates compared to that of recipient in natural estrus ($0.0{\sim}25.0%$ vs. 100%) (p<0.05). Cloned kid was born from the recipient in natural estrus. For the synchronization of estrus between recipient and donor, there was no difference between treatments (${\pm}0$ vs. +12 hr) in pregnancy rate. The first healthy cloned kid (Jinsoonny) was produced by transfer of SCNT embryos derived from in vivo oocytes and ear cells into a recipient goat whose estrus was synchronized with the donor. These results imply that donor cells for nuclear transfer may affect the success rate, and the estrus synchronization between donor and recipient animals can also be important.

본 연구는 공여 세포의 종류, 수핵 난자의 유래 및 수란 산양 발정 동기화 조건이 복제 산양 생산에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시되었다. 공여 세포는 귀 유래 섬유아세포를 분리 배양하여 사용하였으며, 체내 성숙 난자는 성숙한 미경산 재래 산양에 과배란을 유기하여 외과적인 방법으로 난관 관류를 통해 회수하였으며, 배란이 되지 않은 난포란은 난포로부터 흡입 채취한 후, 22시간 동안 체외 성숙을 실시하여 사용하였다. 핵이식은 zona drilling 후, 극체와 세포질 일부분 제거를 통해 제핵을 실시하고, 핵이 제거된 난자의 위란강 내로 공핵 세포를 도입하여 실시하였다. 핵이식란의 융합은 전기 자극 방법으로 실시되었으며, 융합이 완료된 핵이식란의 활성화처리는 핵이식 3시간 후에 Ionomycin과 6-DMAP를 병용 처리하여 실시하였다. 복제 수정란의 체외배양은 0.8% BSA가 첨가된 mSOF 배양액으로 $2{\sim}4$ 세포기까지 체외 배양을 실시한 다음 수란 산양의 난관에 외과적으로 이식하였다. 임신 진단은 초음파 임신 진단기로 이식 후 제 30일과 60일에 실시하였다. 귀세포를 공핵 세포로 사용하였을 때 융합율이(63.8 VS. 26.5%) 태아 세포를 사용했을 때보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 총 102개의 복제 수정란을 20두에 이식하였으며, 30일에 4두(20.0%)가 임신하였으며 이중 1두가 1두의 복제 산양을 생산하였다. 수란 산양과 공란 산양간의 발정 동기화 간격(${\pm}0$ 또는 +12시간)별 수태율은 각각 18.2 및 16.7%로서 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 수란 산양의 발정 유기 방법에 따른 수태율에 있어서 CIDR 제거 후 hCG 및 PMSG를 투여하였을 때는 25%가 수태하였으나, hCG만 투여한 수란 산양은 수태가 되지 않아 인위적으로 발정 동기화된 수란 산양을 이용하였을 때는 산자를 생산하지 못했다. 자연 발정 산양의 경우, 발정이 동기화된(${\pm}0$) 수란 산양 1두에 체내 성숙 난자를 수핵란으로 사용하여 생산한 5 개의 복제 수정란을 이식하여 149일만에 국내에서 처음으로 복제 산양(진순이) 생산에 성공하였다. 체외 성숙 난자를 수핵란으로 사용하여 생산된 복제 수정란 5개를 이식하였으나 수태가 이루어지지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 재래 산양의 체세포 핵이 식에 의한 복제 산자 생산에서 보다 효율성을 높이고 수태율을 향상시키기 위한 조건은 체내 성숙 난자를 수핵 난자로 이용하여 공란 산양과 발정이 동기화된(${\pm}0$) 자연 발정 수란 산양에 복제 수정란을 이식하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Apimeteetumrong M, Thuangsanthia A, Leingcharoen N, Yiengvisavakul V, Harintharanon A, Kunavongkrit A, Sumretprasong J, Vignon X and Techakumphu M. 2004. The effect of activation protocols on the development of cloned goat embryos. Theriogenology, 66: 1529-1534
  2. Baguisi A, Behboodi E, Melican D, Pollock J, Destrempes M, Cammuso C, Williams J, Nims S, Porter C, Midura P, Palacios M, Ayres S, Denniston R, Hayes M, Ziomek C, Meade H, Godke R, Gavin W, Overstrom E and Echelard Y. 1999. Production of goats by somatic cell nuclear transfer. Nat. Biotechnol., 17:456-461 https://doi.org/10.1038/8632
  3. Behboodi E, Ayres SL, Memili E, Coin MO, Chen LH, Meade HM and Echlard Y. 2004. Health and reproductive profiles of nuclear transfer goats producing the MSPi-42 malaria antigen. Reprod. Fertil. Dev., 16:138
  4. Butler RE, Meiican D, Hawkins N, Jellerette T, Nims S, Graslie K and Gavin W. 2004. Effects of cycloheximide on caprine somatic cell nuclear transfer embryo and fetal development. Reprod. Fertil. Dev., 16: 138
  5. Campbell KHS, McWhir J, Ritchie WA and Wilmut I. 1996. Sheep cloned by nuclear transfer from a culture cell line. Nature, 380:64-66 https://doi.org/10.1038/380064a0
  6. Echelard Y, Memili E, Ayres SL, O'Coin M, Chen LH, Meade HM and Behboodi E. 2004. Comparison of the developmental potential of caprine nuclear transfer embryos derived from in vitro and in vivo matured oocytes. Reprod. Fertil. Dev., 16: 140
  7. Hill JR, Roussel AJ, Cibelli JB, Edwards JF, Hooper NL, Miller MW, Thompson JA, Looney CR, Westhusin ME, Robl JM and Stice SL. 1999. Clinical and pathological features of cloned transgenic calves and fetuses (13 case studies). Theriogenology, 51: 1451-1465 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(99)00089-8
  8. Hill JR, Winger OA, Long CR, Loonry CR, Thompson JA and Westhusin ME. 2000. Development rates of male bovine nuclear transfer embryo derived from adult and fetal cell. Biol. Reprod., 62:1135-1140 https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod62.5.1135
  9. Keefer CL, Baldassarre H, Keyston R, Wang B, Bhatia B, Bilodeau AS, Zhou JF, Leduc M, Downey BR, Lazaris A and Karatzas CN. 2001. Generation of dwarf goat (Capra hircus) clones following nuclear transfer with transfected and nontransfected fetal fibroblasts and in vitro-matured oocytes. Biol. Reprod., 64:849-856 https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod64.3.849
  10. Keefer CL, Keyston R, Lazaris A, Bhatia B, Begin I, Bilodeau AS, Zhou FJ, Kafidi N, Wang B, Baldassarre H and Karatzas CN. 2002. Production of cloned goats after nuclear transfer using adult somatic cells. Biol. Reprod., 66:199-203 https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod66.1.199
  11. McGrath J and Solter D. 1983. Nuclear transplantation of rat embryos. J. Exp. Zool., 248:303-305
  12. Melican D, Butler R, Hawkins N, Chen LH, Hayden E, Destrempes M, Williams J, Lewis T, Behboodi E, Ziomek C, Meade H, Echelard Y and Gavin W. 2005. Effect of serum concentration, method of trypsinization and fusion/activation utilizing transfected fetal cells to generate transgenic dairy goats by somatic cell nuclear transfer. Theriogenology, 63: 1549-1563 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.05.029
  13. Melican D, Butler R, Hawkins N, Nims S, Buzzel N, Jellerette T and Gavin W. 2004. Estrus synchronization of dairy goats utilized as recipients for caprine nuclear transfer embryos. Reprod. Fertil. Dev., 16:151
  14. Park HS, Jin JI, Hong SP, Lee JS and Jung JY. 2001. Effect of laser drilling on blastocyst hatching and pregnancy rates from in vitro produced cattle embryos. Theriogenology, 55:352
  15. Park HS, Lee MY, Hong SP, Jin JI, Park JK, Lee JS, Sohn SH and Jung JY. 2004. Comparison of developmental potential of in vivo and in vitro recipientoocytes after nuclear transfer in goat. Reprod. Fertil. Dev., 16:154 https://doi.org/10.1071/RDv16n1Ab65
  16. Reggio BC, James AN, Green HL, Gavin WG, Behboodi E, Echelard Y and Godke RA. 2001. Cloned transgenic offspring resulting from somatic cell nuclear transfer in the goat:oocytes derived from both follicle-stimulating hormone-stimulated and nonstimulated abattoir-derived ovaries. Biol. Reprod., 65:1528-1533 https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod65.5.1528
  17. Walker SK, Hartwich KM and Seamark RF. 1996. The production of unusually large offspring following embryo manipulation: Concepts and challenges. Theriogenology, 45: 111-120 https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(95)00360-K
  18. Wells DN, Misica PM, Day AM and Tervit HR. 1997. Production of cloned lambs from an established embryonic cell line: A comparison between in vivo- and in vitro-matured cytoplasts. Biol. Reprod., 57:385-393 https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod57.2.385
  19. Wilmut I, Schnieke AE, McWhir J, Kind AJ and Campbell KHS. 1997. Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells. Nature, 385:810-813 https://doi.org/10.1038/385810a0
  20. Young LE, Sinclair KD and Wilmut I. 1998. Large offspring syndrome in cattle and sheep. Rev. Reprod., 3:155-163 https://doi.org/10.1530/ror.0.0030155
  21. Zakhartchenko V, Durcova-Hills G, Stojkovic M, Schernthaner W, Prelle K, Steinborn R, Muller M, Brem G and Wolf E. 1999. Effects of serum starvation and re-cloning on the efficiency of nuclear transfer using bovine fetal fibroblasts. J. Reprod. Fertil., 115:325-331 https://doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.1150325
  22. Zou XG, Chen Y, Wang Y, Luo JP, Zhang QB, Zhang XC, Yang Y, Ju HM, Shen Y, Lao W, Xu S and Du MA. 2001. Production of cloned goats from enucleated oocytes injected with cumulus cell nuclei or fused with cumulus cells. Cloning, 3:31-37 https://doi.org/10.1089/152045501300189312
  23. Zou XG, Wang UG, Cheng Y, Yang YE, Ju HM, Tang HL, Shen Y, Mu ZY, Xu SF and Du MA. 2002. Generation og cloned goats (Capra hircus) form transfected foetal fibroblast cell, the effect of donor cell cycle. Mol. Reprod. Dev., 61:164-172 https://doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1143
  24. 박희성, 김태숙, 이윤희, 정수영, 이명열, 홍승표, 박준규, 김충희, 정장용. 2004. 재래산양에 있어서 핵이식란의 융합조건이 융합 및 체외발달에 미치는 영향. 한국동물번식학회지, 28:127-132
  25. 이지삼, 곽대오, 박충생. 1985. 재래산양의 계절절 무발정기의 혈중 progesterone의 변화에 관한 연구. 한국축산학회지, 27:749-755