A Study on the Making of Sweet Persimmon (Diospyros kaki, T) Wine

단감(Diospyros kaki, T) 와인 제조에 관한 연구

  • Cho, Kye-Man (Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Lee, Jung-Bock (Sacheon National Agricultural Cooperative Federation, Gyeongsangnam-do) ;
  • Kahng, Goon-Gjung (Department of Food Science, Jinju National University) ;
  • Seo, Weon-Taek (Department of Food Science, Jinju National University)
  • 조계만 (경상대학교 응용생명과학부) ;
  • 이정복 (경상남도 사천농협중앙회) ;
  • 강군중 (진주산업대학교 식품과학과) ;
  • 서원택 (진주산업대학교 식품과학과)
  • Published : 2006.12.31

Abstract

The characteristics of alcohol fermentation using sweet persimmon juice were studied in static fermentation in an effort to develop new types of functional wine. The yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae KCCM 12650 was selected for use in the fermentation of sweet persimmon juice. Attempts were made to modify the sweet persimmon juice in order to find suitable conditions for alcohol fermentation. The modified sweet persimmon juice (pH 4.0) that was most suitable for alcohol fermentation contained $24^{\circ}Brix$ of sugar supplemented with sucrose as a carbon source and 0.5 g/L of $(NH_4)_2HPO_4$ as a nitrogen source. After 5 days of fermentation at $25^{\circ}C$, 12.8% of alcohol was produced from the modified juice and its pH was slightly decreased to 3.9. Browning of the wine was observed during storage due to the oxidation of phenolic compounds. The initial browning of 0.08% at $OD_{420}$ after fermentation increased to 0.40 during storage for 11 weeks at room temperature. The addition of $K_2S_2O_5$ was effective in delaying the browning of the wine. The browning of the wine decreased to 0.25 at $OD_{420}$ with the addition of 200 mg/L of $K_2S_2O_5$. The wine produced in this study contained some organic acids such as malic acid (6.82% g/L) and succinic acid (1.40 g/L), some minerals such as $K^+$ (947.8 mg/L) and $Mg^{2+}$ (36.4 mg/L), as well as soluble phenolics (779 mg/L of gallic acid equivalent). Schisandra fruit was added to the sweet persimmon juice during alcohol fermentation in order to improve the sour taste and flavor. The best sensory quality (taste, flavor, and color) was obtained by adding 0.5% schisandra fruit.

단감 과즙을 이용한 와인을 제조하기 위하여 효율적인 착즙 및 최적 발효조건을 검토하였다. 단감 와인의 최적 발효 조건을 위하여 효모 균주는 알코올 생성력과 방향 가장 우수한 Saccharomyces cerevisiae KCCM 12650을 선정하였다. $(NH_4)_2HPO_4$ 농도 0.5%, 당 농도 $24^{\circ}Brix$일 때 알코올 생성력이 가장 우수하였다. pH 조정은 알코올 발효에는 영향이 주지 않았으며, 몇 가지 유기산 중 tataric acid로 pH를 조정하였을 때 알코올 생성과 관능적으로 가장 우수하였다. 발효 온도가 증가할수록 대사 속도 및 알코올 생성 속도 빨라졌으나, 알코올 생성력과 향기 등을 고려할 때 $25^{\circ}C$가 가장 적당한 온도로 판단되었다. 최적의 발효 조건으로 단감 과즙을 발효하였을 때 5일 경과 시 ^{\circ}Brix$ 당도는 $10^{\circ}$, 잔당은 38g/L이었고 세포 증식은 발효시간이 2일 경과하면서 정상기에 도달하였다. 알코올 생성은 발효시간이 1일 경과하면서부터 급격히 증가하여 발효 5일에서 12.8%의 알코올이 생성되었다. 발효 경과에 따른 pH는 3.9로 초기 pH 4.0보다 약간 낮아졌다. 페놀은 749-779mg/L으로 일정하였고 갈변도 역시 발효 초기에 0.06에서 발효 종기에 0.08로 약간 증가하였다. 단감 와인의 저장 중 갈변 억제를 위하여 열처리, pH 조절 및 아황산 처리 결과 발효가 종료된 단감 와인에 아황산을 200 ppm 농도로 처리하였을 때 상당한 갈변억제 효과를 나타내었다. 적당한 산미와 향기를 부여하기 위하여 1.0%까지 오미자를 첨가한 결과 0.5%의 오미자를 첨가하였을 경우 적당한 산미 및 향기가 가장 우수하였고 알코올 생성력에도 영향이 없었다.

Keywords

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