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Anthropometric Measurement, Dietary Behaviors, Health-related Behaviors and Nutrient Intake According to Lifestyles of College Students

대학생의 라이프스타일 유형에 따른 신체계측, 식행동, 건강관련 생활습관 및 영양소 섭취상태에 관한 연구

  • Cheong, Sun-Hee (Dept. of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Inha University) ;
  • Na, Young-Joo (Dept. of Fashion Design and Textiles, College of Human Ecology, Inha University) ;
  • Lee, Eun-Hee (Dept. of Consumer and Child Studies, College of Human Ecology, Inha University) ;
  • Chang, Kyung-Ja (Dept. of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Inha University)
  • 정선희 (인하대학교 생활과학대학 식품영양학과) ;
  • 나영주 (인하대학교 생활과학대학 의류디자인학과) ;
  • 이은희 (인하대학교 생활과학대학 소비자아동학과) ;
  • 장경자 (인하대학교 생활과학대학 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2007.12.31

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences according to lifestyle in anthropometric measurement, dietary attitude, health-related behaviors and nutrient intake among the college students. The subjects were 994 nation-wide college students (male: 385, female: 609) and divided into 7 clusters (PEAO: passive economy/appearance-oriented type, NCPR: non-consumption/pursuit of relationship type, PTA: pursuit of traditional actuality type, PAT: pursuit of active health type, UO: utility-oriented type, POF: pursuit of open fashion type, PFR: pursuit of family relations type). A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self administered questionnaire, and the data were collected via Internet or by mail. The nutrient intake data collected from food record were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program. Data were analyzed by a SPSS 12.0 program. Average age of male and female college students were 23.7 years and 21.6 years, respectively. Most of the college students had poor eating habits. In particular, about 60% of the PEAO group has irregularity in meal time. The students in PAH and POF groups showed significantly higher consumption frequency of fruits, meat products and foods cooked with oil compared to the other groups. As for exercise, drinking and smoking, there were significant differences between PAH and the other groups. Asked for the reason for body weight control, 16.2% of NCPR group answered "for health", but 24.8% of PEAO group and 26.3% of POF group answered "for appearance". Calorie, vitamin A, vitamin $B_2$, calcium and iron intakes of all the groups were lower than the Korean DRIs. Female students in PTA group showed significantly lower vitamin $B_1$ and niacin intakes compared to the PFR group. Therefore, these results provide nation-wide information on health-related behaviors and nutrient intake according to lifestyles among Korean college students.

본 연구는 2003년에 행해진 연구이나 일반적으로 라이프스타일은 미시적 차원인 특정개인으로부터 거시적 차원인 사회전체에 이르기까지 여러 규모의 차원으로 파악되고 있으며 이는 개인의 전반적인 활동이나 인식에 영향을 주는 생활양식의 개념으로 여겨지는 점과 다른 선행연구들을 살펴볼 때 일반적으로 10년을 주기로 라이프스타일에 따른 변화를 살펴본 연구들이 많은 점으로 미루어 볼 때 본 연구 결과가 현재의 라이프스타일을 반영할 수 있는 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구에서는 전국 남녀 대학생의 라이프스타일에 따른 신체계측, 식행동, 건강관련 생활습관 및 영양섭취실태를 비교하고자 설문조사를 실시하였으며 조사결과는 다음과 같다. 조사대상자의 연령은 남학생 평균 23.7세, 여학생 평균 21.6세였다. 남학생의 경우, 체중은 '개방적 유행추구형'군이 64.1 kg으로 다른 군에 비해 유의적으로 낮은 것으로 조사되었으며, 여학생의 경우, 신장과 체중은 '성취적 가족추구형'군이 평균 160.9 cm, 50.7 kg으로 '소극적절약 외모지향형'군의 평균 162.7 cm, 52.7 kg과 '개방적 유행추구형'군의 평균 163.1 cm, 53.0 kg에 비해 유의적으로 낮은 것으로 조사되었다. 균형 잡힌 식사 여부에 관한 질문에서 "항상 균형 잡힌 식사를 한다"고 응답한 비율은 '적극적 건강추구형'군이 23.3%로 다른 군에 비해 유의적으로 높은 응답율을 보였다. 신용카드로부터 식비 지출금액의 경우 '개방적 유행추구형'군이 월 평균 23.7만원을 사용한데 비해 '비소비 대인관계추구형'군은 월평균 8.5만원을 식비로 지출한다고 응답하여 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 건강관련 생활습관과 관련하여 '적극적 건강추구형'군이 다른 군에 비해 운동량은 많은 반면 음주와 흡연은 적게 하는 것으로 조사되었다. 결식의 경우 '소극적절약 외모지향형'군이 유의적으로 가장 적은 결식율을 보였으나 라이프스타일 유형과 상관없이 모든 대학생들의 하루 중 3끼 이상 결식하는 경우가 80% 이상으로 나타나 대학생들의 올바른 식습관 형성을 위한 영양교육이 필요한 것으로 사료된다. 체중조절을 하는 이유로는 '비소비 대인관계추구형'의 16.2%가 "건강을 위해서"라고 응답한 반면 '소극적절약 외모지향형'과 '개방적 유행추구형'의 24.8%와 26.3%가 "외모를 위해서"라고 응답하여 유의적인 차이를 보였으나 체중조절 방법으로는 대부분이 "약물복용", "운동요법", "비만클리닉" 등의 순인 것으로 조사되었다. 라이프스타일 유형에 따른 영양소 섭취상태는 남학생의 경우 '개방적 유행추구형'군이 '적극적 건강추구형'과 '성취적 가족추구형'군에 비해 유의적으로 높은 비타민 C의 섭취량을 보였으며 여학생의 경우 '적극적 건강추구형'군이 '성취적 가족추구형'군에 비해 유의적으로 낮은 비타민 $B_2$, 칼슘 및 철분 섭취량을 보였다. 그러나 전반적으로 볼 때 라이프스타일에 관계없이 남녀 대학생 모두 에너지와 칼슘 섭취량이 한국인 영양섭취기준의 70% 수준으로 나타났으며 특히 여학생의 경우 철분의 섭취량이 한국인 영양섭취기준의 80% 수준으로 매우 낮은 섭취율을 보였다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 경제발전과 사회구조의 변화에 따라 대학생들의 식행동, 건강관련 생활습관 및 영양소 섭취실태도 라이프스타일에 따라 다르게 나타나는 것을 볼 수 있다. 그러므로 대학생 시기의 올바른 라이프스타일의 확립 및 영양밀도가 높은 식품섭취를 통해 건강한 생활을 영위할 수 있도록 학교나 지역사회 및 정부차원에서의 지속적이고 체계적인 영양교육이 필요하다. 또한 일단 성립된 바람직하지 않은 라이프스타일은 쉽게 변화하지 않으므로 이론 위주의 영양교육보다는 실제적인 행동변화를 유도할 수 있는 적극적인 영양교육 프로그램의 개발이 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

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