DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

특이치 분해와 Fuzzy C-Mean(FCM) 군집화를 이용한 벡터양자화에 기반한 워터마킹 방법

An Watermarking Method Based on Singular Vector Decomposition and Vector Quantization Using Fuzzy C-Mean Clustering

  • 이병희 (명지대 공대 정보공학과) ;
  • 장우석 (명지대 공대 정보공학과) ;
  • 강환일 (명지대 공대 정보공학과)
  • 발행 : 2007.12.25

초록

본 논문은 원본 영상과 은닉 영상의 좋은 압축률과 만족할만한 이미지의 질, 그리고 외부공격에 강인한 영상 은닉의 한 방법을 제안한다. 이 워터마킹 방법은 특이치 분해와 퍼지 군집화 기반 벡터양자화를 이용한다. 실험에서는 은닉된 영상의 비가시성과 외부공격에 대한 강인성을 증명하였다. 이 워터마킹기법의 장점은 워터마크된 영상이 이미 압축되어 있으므로 압축과정과 동시에 저작권 보호에 이용할 수 있다는 장점이 있다.

In this paper, we propose the image watermarking method for good compression ratio and satisfactory image quality of the cover image and the embedding image. This method is based on the singular value decomposition and the vector quantization using fuzzy c-mean clustering. Experimental results show that the embedding image has invisibility and robustness to various serious attacks. The advantage of this watermarking method is that we can achieve both the compression and the watermarking method for the copyright protection simultaneously.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. N. Nikolaidis, I. Pitas, 'Robust image watermarking in spatial domain', Signal Processing 66(3), pp.385-403. 1998 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1684(98)00017-6
  2. J.-C. Lium S.-Y. Chen, 'Fast two-layer image watermarking without referring to the original image and watermark', Image and Vision Computing 19 (14), pp.1083-1097, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0262-8856(01)00068-3
  3. S.-C. Chu, J.F. Roddick, Z.-M. Lu, J.-S. Pan, 'A digital image watermarking method based on labeled bisecting clustering algorithm', IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Science, E87-A(1), pp.282-285, 2004
  4. C.-Y. Lin, M. Wu. J.A. Bloom, I.J. Cox, M.L. Miller, Y.M. Lui, 'Rotation, scale, and translation resilient watermarking for images', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 10(5), pp. 767-782, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1109/83.918569
  5. D.-C. Lou, T.L. Yin, 'Adaptive digital watermarking using fuzzy logic technique', Optical Engineering 41(10) pp.2675-2687, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1117/1.1499968
  6. C.-T. Hsu, J.-L. Wu, 'Hidden digital watermerks in images', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 8(1), pp.58-68, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1109/83.736686
  7. D.-C. Lou, T.L. Yin, 'Adaptive digital watermarking using fuzzy clustering technique', IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Science E84-A(8), pp.2052-2060, 2001
  8. J.-M. Shieh, D.-C. Lou, M-C. Chang, 'Highly robust watermarking scheme based on surrounding mean value relationship', Optical Engineering
  9. R.-Z. Liu, T.-N. Tan, 'An SVD-based watermarking scheme for protecting rightful ownership', IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 4(1), pp.121-128, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1109/6046.985560
  10. C.-T. Hsu, J.-L. Wu, 'Multiresolution watermarking for digital images', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing 45(8), pp.1097-101, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1109/82.718818
  11. Andrew, R., H.C., Patterson, C.L., 'Singular value decomposition(SVD) image cording', IEEE Trans. Comm. 24(4), pp. 425-432, 1976 https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOM.1976.1093309
  12. Bezdek, J C; Ehrlich, R; Full, W, 'FCM: The fuzzy c -means clustering algorithm', COMP. CEOSCI. Vol. 10, no. 2-3, pp. 191-203. 1984
  13. Gray R., 'Vector quantization', IEEE ASSP Magazine, vol. 1 pp. 4-29, 1985
  14. J.F. Yang, C.L. Lu, 'Combined Techniques of Singular Value Decomposition and Vector Quantization for image Coding', IEEE Trans. Image processing, vol. 4, no. 8, Aug. 1995
  15. J.M. Shieh, D.C. Lou, M.C. Chang, 'A semi blind digital watermarking scheme based on singular value decomposition', Elsevier B. V Computer Standards & Interfaces, vol. 28 pp. 428-440, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csi.2005.03.006