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Performance Analysis of Location-Aware System based on Active Tags

능동태그 기반 위치인식 시스템의 성능 분석

  • 소선섭 (공주대학교 컴퓨터공학부) ;
  • 은성배 (한남대학교 정보통신공학과) ;
  • 김진천 (경성대학교 컴퓨터공학과)
  • Published : 2007.02.28

Abstract

Location awareness is one of the key functionalities to build an U-city. Recently, many of works of the location-aware systems are emerging to commercially apply to on-going large-scale apartment complex based on U-city. As dwellers or cars being attached with active tags are moving in the U-city complex, the active tags periodically broadcast their own identifiers and receivers fixed along the street or in building use those information to calculate location of them. There are several issues to be considered for such an environment. The first is that the number of active tags operating in the same region are large as much as tens of thousands, and the second is that the active tags should be alive without change of batteries more than a year, hence low power consumption is very important. In this paper we propose i) a new architecture for location-aware system considering such issues, ii) technical issues to implement it using active tags, and iii) a mathematical analytic model to investigate overall performance and verify it by comparing with actual experimental results. Through the analysis we can show the theoretical boundary of the lowest packet loss rate and the maximum number of tags with acceptable performance for the systems based on active tags. The results can be applied to practical design of location-based systems of U-City projects.

위치 인식 기능은 U-city를 구성하는 핵심 요소로서 U-city 기반 아파트 단지 등에서 상용화를 목적으로 활발히 연구, 개발되고 있다. 능동태그를 부착한 거주자나 자동차가 단지 내를 이동할 때 태그는 주기적으로 자신의 식별자를 방송하고 이를 받은 수신기들은 RSSI를 이용하여 태그의 위치를 계산한다. 문제는 수천세대 규모의 아파트 단지의 경우 동시 사용되는 태그수가 수 만개에 이르며 배터리 교체 없이 1년 이상 사용될 수 있어야 하므로 저전력 소모가 매우 중요하다는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 고려한 U-city의 1) 위치 인식 시스템의 구성을 제안하고, 2) 능동 태그 방식으로 구현할 때 기술적 이슈를 제시하며, 3) 특히, 수만개의 태그들이 동작할 때의 성능을 수학적으로 모델링하고 실제 실험을 통해 비교 분석하였다. 이를 통하여 능동태그 시스템에서 발생하는 충돌확률의 이론적 최저값을 구하고 현장 적용시 적정 수준의 태그의 갯수를 제시하였다. 연구결과는 실제 U-city 위치인식 시스템의 상세 설계에 활용될 수 있다.

Keywords

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