Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on Nutrient Intakes and Blood Parameters of Adult Men and Women with Metabolic Syndrome

대사증후군을 가진 성인남녀의 영양소 섭취상태와 혈액성상에 관한 연구

  • Choi, Mi-Kyeong (Dept. of Human Nutrition & Food Science, Chungwoon University) ;
  • Jun, Ye-Sook (Dept. of Human Nutrition & Food Science, Chungwoon University) ;
  • Bae, Yun-Jung (Dept. of Food & Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University) ;
  • Sung, Chung-Ja (Dept. of Food & Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University)
  • 최미경 (청운대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 전예숙 (청운대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 배윤정 (숙명여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 승정자 (숙명여자대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2007.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the nutrient intake and selected blood parameters of adults with metabolic syndrome (MS) and to provide data in forming a dietary guideline for the prevention of chronic diseases. Subjects were recruited and divided into two groups according to the NCEP-ATP III criteria and WHO Asia-Pacific Area criteria for obesity. MS group was defined as subjects who have three or more risk factors and control group was defined as those with two or less of the risk factors. The average age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI) were 58.8 years, 158.0 cm, 66.3 kg, $26.5\;kg/m^{2}$, respectively, in the MS group; and 58.4 years, 158.9 cm, 59.6 kg, $23.5\;kg/m^{2}$, respectively, in the control group. The weight and BMI in the MS group were significantly higher than those in the control (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the food and nutrient intake between the MS and control group. Male subjects in the MS group showed significantly higher intake of mushrooms than those in the control (p<0.05). Egg consumption in the MS group was significantly lower than those in the control (p<0.01). Consumption of vegetables and fiber was significantly lower for female subjects in the MS group than those in the control (p<0.05). Serum GPT, AI and WBC count in the MS group (27.8 IU/L, 3.7, $5964.2\;{\mu}/L$) were significantly higher than those in the control (22.6 IU/L, 3.2, $5250.0\;{\mu}/L$; p<0.01, p<0.001, p<0.01). In conclusion, consuming fiber and vegetables may prevent and reduce metabolic syndrome in adult men and women, and this study demonstrates the need for proper dietary management for them.

본 연구에서는 대사증후군의 예방과 관리를 위한 식사지침을 마련하기 위한 기초자료를 제시하고자 일부 성인을 대상으로 NCEP-ATP Ⅲ와 WHO 아시아태평양 비만 기준에 의해 대사증후군 성인을 분류한 후 영양소섭취상태와 혈액성상을 살펴보았으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 대사증후군 대상자의 평균 연령, 신장, 체중 및 체질량지수는 각각 58.8세, 158.0 cm, 66.3 kg, $26.5\;kg/m^{2}$이었으며, 대조군은 각각 58.4세, 158.9 cm, 59.6 kg, $23.5\;kg/m^{2}$로 대사증후군 대상자의 체중과 체질량지수가 대조군보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.001, p<0.001). 총 식품섭취량은 대사증후군 대상자와 대조군이 각각 1063.8 g과 1183.4 g으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 각 식품군별 섭취량도 두 군 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 남자 대상자의 경우 대사증후군 대상자의 버섯류 섭취는 대조군보다 유의적으로 높은 반면(p<0.05), 난류 섭취량은 대조군보다 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.01). 또한 여자 대상자의 경우 대사증후군 대상자의 채소류 섭취가 대조군보다 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 에너지 섭취량은 대사증후군 대상자가 1527.9 kcal, 대조군이 1578.9 kcal로 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 그 밖의 영양소 섭취량도 두 군 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 여자 대상자의 경우 대사증후군 대상자의 식이섬유 섭취량이 대조군보다 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 대사증후군 진단기준으로 사용한 혈청 HDL-콜레스테롤, 중성지질, 혈당 및 혈압은 대사증후군 대상자가 각각 39.9 mg/dL, 183.9 mg/dL, 126.6 mg/dL, 138.1/78.8 mmHg로 대조군의 45.8 mg/dL, 125.5 mg/dL, 93.6 mg/dL, 120.8/72.8 mmHg와 비교할 때 HDL-콜레스테롤은 유의하게 낮고 나머지는 유의하게 높았다(p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p< 0.001, p<0.001). 혈청 GPT, 동맥경화지수, 백혈구수는 대사증후군 대상자가 각각 27.8 IU/L, 3.7, $5964.2\;{\mu}/L$로 대조군의 22.6 IU/L, 3.2, $5250.0\;{\mu}/L$보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.01, p<0.001, p<0.01). 이상의 결과를 종합할 때 대사증후군의 여성 대상자의 경우 섬유소 및 채소류의 섭취가 정상 성인보다 낮게 나타나, 이들 식품 및 영양소의 섭취가 대사증후군의 증상에 도움이 될 수 있음이 제시되어 이러한 결과는 대사증후군의 예방과 관리를 위한 식사지침을 마련하기 위한 기초자료로서 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 또한 대사증후군 대상자의 혈청 GPT와 동맥경화지수가 정상 성인보다 유의하게 높게 나타나, 본 연구를 기초로 하여 향후 염증과 군집으로서의 대사증후군과의 관계를 밝히는 연구를 수행하는 것이 필요하다고 생각한다.

Keywords

References

  1. World Health Organization. 1998. Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Genova, WHO
  2. Tonkin A. 2004. The metabolic syndrome - a growing problem. Europe Heart J Supple 6 (supple A): A37-A42 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehjsup.2004.01.009
  3. Wajchenberg BL, Malerbi DA, Rocha MS, Lerario AC, Santomauro AT. 1994. Syndrome X: a syndrome of insulin resistance. Epidemiological and clinical evidence. Diabetes Metab Rev 10: 19-29 https://doi.org/10.1002/dmr.5610100103
  4. Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH. 2002. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: Findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA 287: 356-359 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.287.3.356
  5. Kim Y, Suh YK, Choi H. 2004. BMI and metabolic disorders in South Korean adults: 1998 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey. Obes Res 12: 445-453 https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2004.50
  6. Alberti KG, Zimmer PZ. 1998. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Ⅰ: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Previsional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet Med 15: 539-553 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7<539::AID-DIA668>3.0.CO;2-S
  7. Expert Panel on Definition, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. 2002. Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adults Treatment Panel III). JAMA 285: 2486-2497 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.285.19.2486
  8. Korean Society of the Study of Obesity. 2000. WHO/IASO/IOTF: The Asia-Pacific perspective: Redefining obesity and it's treatment
  9. Tan CE, Ma S, Wai D, Tai ES, Chew SK. 2004. Can we apply the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel definition of the metabolic syndrome to Asians? Diabetes Care 27: 1182-1200 https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.27.5.1182
  10. Ministry of Health and Welfare. 2006. Report on 2005 National Health and Nutrition Survey
  11. Jung CH, Park JS, Lee WY, Kim SW. 2002. Effects of smoking, alcohol, exercise, level of education, and family history on the metabolic syndrome in Korean adults. Korean J Med 63: 649-659
  12. Kim JA, Kim SM, Choi YS, Yoon D. 2005. White blood cell count is higher in women with metabolic syndrome: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of Korea. Korean J Obesity 14: 228-234
  13. Friedewald WY, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. 1972. Estimation of concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol on plasma without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 18: 499-502
  14. Lee MS. 2004. Relationship of the relative risks of the metabolic syndrome and dietary habits of middle-aged in Seoul. Korean J Comm Nutr 9: 695-705
  15. Im S, Kwon GH, Kim EJ, Im DS, Im HJ, Jo SI, Lee YY, Park GS, Lee HG. 2002. Characteristics of metabolic syndrome and its relationship with the factors related to obesity in rural area. Korean J Lipidol Atherosclerosis 5: 370-380
  16. 권혁상. 2006. 대사증후군의 역학 및 병인. 임상당뇨병 7: 12-18
  17. Hung HC, Joshipura KJ, Jiang R, Hu FB, Hunter D, Smith-Warner SA, Colditz GA, Rosner B, Spiegelman D, Willett WC. 2004. Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of major chronic disease. J Natl Cancer Inst 96: 1577-1584 https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djh296
  18. He K, Hu FB, Colditz GA, Manson JE, Willett WC, Liu S. 2004. Changes in intake of fruits and vegetables in relation to risk of obesity and weight gain among middle-aged women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 28: 1569-1574 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802795
  19. Esmaillzadeh A, Kimiagar M, Mehrabi Y, Azadbakht L, Hu FB, Willett WC. 2006. Fruit and vegetable intakes, C-reactive protein, and the metabolic syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr 84: 1489-1497 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/84.6.1489
  20. Yoo S, Nicklas T, Baranowski T, Zakeri IF, Yang SJ, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS. 2004. Comparison of dietary intakes associated with metabolic syndrome risk factors in young adults: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Am J Clin Nutr 80: 841-848 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/80.4.841
  21. Jain MG, Harrison L, Howe GR, Miller AB. 1982. Evaluation of a self-administered dietary questionnaire for use in a cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 36: 931-935 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/36.5.931
  22. Horwath CC. 1993. Validity of a short food frequency questionnaire for estimating nutrient intake in elderly people. Br J Nutr 70: 3-14 https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19930100
  23. Salmeron J, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Wing AL, Willett WC. 1997. Dietary fiber, glycemic load, and risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women. JAMA 277: 472-477 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.277.6.472
  24. Liu S, Stampfer MJ, Hu FB, Giovannucci E, Rimm E, Manson JE, Hennekens CH, Willett WC. 1999. Whole-grain consumption and risk of coronary heart disease: results from the Nurses' Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr 70: 412-419 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/70.3.412
  25. Anderson JW, O'Neal DS, Riddell-Mason S, Floore TL, Dillon DW, Oeltgen PR. 1995. Postprandial serum glucose, insulin, and lipoprotein responses to high- and low-fiber diets. Metabolism 44: 848-854 https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0495(95)90236-8
  26. Maki KC. 2004. Dietary factors in the prevention of diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease associated with the metabolic syndrome. Am J Cardiol 93: 12C-17C https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.02.001
  27. Grynberg A. 2006. Hypertension prevention: from nutrients to (fortified) foods to dietary patterns. Focus on fatty acids. J Hum Hypertens 19: S25-S33 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jhh.1001957
  28. Freire RD, Cardoso MA, Gimeno SG, Ferreira SR; Japanese-Brazilian Diabetes Study Group. 2005. Dietary fat is associated with metabolic syndrome in Japanese Brazilians. Diabetes Care 28: 1779-1785 https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.28.7.1779
  29. Gonzalez MA, Selwyn AP. 2003. Endothelial function, inflammation, and prognosis in cardiovascular disease. Am J Med 115: 99S-106S https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2003.09.016
  30. Cannon CP, McCabe CH, Wilcox RG, Bentley JH, Braunwald E. 2001. Association of white blood cell count with increased mortality in acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina pectoris. OPUS-TIMI 16 Investigators. Am J Cardiol 87: 636-639 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9149(00)01444-2
  31. Stewart RA, White HD, Kirby AC, Heritier SR, Simes RJ, Nestel PJ. 2005. White blood cell count predicts reduction in coronary heart disease mortality with pravastatin. Circulation 111: 1756-1762 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000160924.73417.26
  32. Pearson TA, Mensah GA, Hong Y, Smith SC Jr. 2004. CDC/AHA workshop on markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease: application to clinical and public health practice: overview. Circulation 110: 543-544 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000148979.11121.6B

Cited by

  1. The study of metabolic risk factors and dietary intake in adolescent children by the status of mothers' metabolic syndrome: Using the data from 2007-2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey vol.46, pp.6, 2013, https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2013.46.6.531
  2. Metabolic Syndrome Status of Chinese Workers and Their Physical Profiles, Lifestyle Scores, and Nutrient Intakes vol.22, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.1.63
  3. Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Assessment of Food·Nutrient Intakes among Adult Visitors of a Public Health Center in Korea vol.41, pp.2, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2012.41.2.205
  4. Relationship between Nutrients Intakes, Dietary Quality, and Serum Concentrations of Inflammatory Markers in Metabolic Syndrome Patients vol.16, pp.1, 2011, https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.1.51
  5. Metabolic Syndromes Improvement and Its Related Factors among Health Checkup Examinees in a University Hospital vol.17, pp.6, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2016.17.6.147
  6. Comparison of Health Behaviors and Nutritional Status related to Dyslipidemia in Korean Middle-Aged Adults - From the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2007~2010 - vol.29, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2016.29.5.724
  7. Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Metabolic Abnormalities in Korea Children and Adolescents and Nutrient intakes: Using 2008 the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey vol.19, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.2.133