Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain

Korean Academy of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine (대한안면통증구강내과학회)
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Effect of Phytoncide on Porphyromonas gingivalis

P. gingivalis에 대한 피톤치드의 항균효과

  • Kim, Sun-Q (Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Shin, Mi-Kyoung (Institute of Oral biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Auh, Q-Schick (Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Lee, Jin-Yong (Institute of Oral biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Hong, Jung-Pyo (Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Chun, Yang-Hyun (Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University)
  • 김선규 (경희대학교 치과대학 구강내과학교실) ;
  • 신미경 (경희대학교 치과대학 구강생물학연구소) ;
  • 어규식 (경희대학교 치과대학 구강내과학교실) ;
  • 이진용 (경희대학교 치과대학 구강생물학연구소) ;
  • 홍정표 (경희대학교 치과대학 구강내과학교실) ;
  • 전양현 (경희대학교 치과대학 구강내과학교실)
  • Published : 2007.06.30
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Abstract

Trees emit phytoncide into atmosphere to protect them from predation. Phytoncide from different trees has its own unique fragrance that is referred to as forest bath. Phytoncide, which is essential oil of trees, has microbicidal, insecticidal, acaricidal, and deodorizing effect. The present study was performed to examine the effect of phytoncide on Porphyromonas gingivalis, which is one of the most important causative agents of periodontitis and halitosis. P. gingivalis 2561 was incubated with or without phytoncide extracted from Hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc.; Japanese cypress) and then changes were observed in its cell viability, antibiotic sensitivity, morphology, and biochemical/molecular biological pattern. The results were as follows: 1. The phytoncide appeared to have a strong antibacterial effect on P. gingivalis. MIC of phytoncide for the bacterium was determined to be 0.008%. The antibacterial effect was attributed to bactericidal activity against P. gingivalis. It almost completely suppressed the bacterial cell viability (>99.9%) at the concentration of 0.01%, which is the MBC for the bacterium. 2. The phytoncide failed to enhance the bacterial susceptibility to ampicillin, cefotaxime, penicillin, and tetracycline but did increase the susceptibility to amoxicillin. 3. Numbers of electron dense granules, ghost cell, and vesicles increased with increasing concentration of the phytoncide, 4. RT-PCR analysis revealed that expression of superoxide dismutase was increased in the bacterium incubated with the phytoncide. 5. No distinct difference in protein profile between the bacterium incubated with or without the phytoncide was observed as determined by SDS-PAGE and immunoblot. Overall results suggest that the phytoncide is a strong antibacterial agent that has a bactericidal action against P. gingivalis. The phytoncide does not seem to affect much the profile of the major outer membrane proteins but interferes with antioxidant activity of the bacterium. Along with this, yet unknown mechanism may cause changes in cell morphology and eventually cell death.

피톤치드란 '산림향' 이라고 부르는, 나무가 갖는 특유의 향을 발산하는 휘발성 화학물질로서, 우리 몸을 쾌적하게 해 줄 뿐만 아니라 항균, 방충, 소취 등 다양한 기능을 가지고 있다. 치주질환과 구취를 유발시키는 중요한 원인균인 P. gingivalis에 대한 피톤치드의 항균효과와 항균작용을 연구하기 위하여, 편백 피톤치드와 함께 P. gingivalis 2561을 배양한 후 P. gingivalis 2561의 성장정도, 생존력 및 형태적, 분자생물학적 변화를 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 피톤치드는 P. gingivalis에 매우 강한 항균력을 보였고, 이 항균력은 살균작용에 의한 것으로 나타났다. P. gingivalis에 대한 피톤치드의 최소억제농도는 0.008%, 최소살균농도는 0.01%로 결정되었다. 2. 피톤치드와 함께 배양된 P. gingivalis는 ampicillin, cefatoxime, penicillin, tetracycline에 대한 감수성이 변하지 않았으나 amoxicillin에 대한 감수성은 증가하였다. 3. 피톤치드와 같이 배양된 P. gingivalis를 투과전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과, 핵이 뚜렷해지고 전자밀도가 높은 과립이 증가하였고 리보솜이 세포질 가장 자리로 분포하였으며, 피톤치드 양이 증가할 수록 유령세포, 특히 소포가 특징적으로 크게 증가하였다. 4. RT-PCR 분석 결과, 피톤치드는 P. gingivalis의 superoxide dismutase의 발현을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 5. SDS-PAGE와 immunoblot 분석 결과, 피톤치드는 P. gingivalis의 단백질 발현에 큰 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 피톤치드는 P. gingivalis에 대해 강한 항균효과를 갖고 있으며 이것은 살균작용에 의한 것으로 판단된다. 즉, 피톤치드는 단백질 발현에는 영향을 미치지 못하지만 P. gingivalis의 항산화물질 생산능력을 감소시키거나 아직 밝혀지지 않은 기전을 통해 스트레스 상황을 유도하여 생존능력을 억제하여 결과적으로 세균세포의 구조적 형태 변화와 함께 사멸을 유도하는 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

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