Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain

Korean Academy of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine (대한안면통증구강내과학회)
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Comparison of Bite Forces between Pre- and Post-Treatment in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders

측두하악장애 환자의 치료 전후 교합력 비교

  • Lee, Sang-Il (Department of Oral Medicine, Dankook University School of Dentistry) ;
  • Kim, Ki-Suk (Department of Oral Medicine, Dankook University School of Dentistry)
  • 이상일 (단국대학교 치과대학 구강내과학교실) ;
  • 김기석 (단국대학교 치과대학 구강내과학교실)
  • Published : 2007.06.30
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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare the maximum bite forces between pre- and post-treatment related to specific diagnostic groups of TMD including masticatory muscle disorder (MMD), disc derangement (DD), joint inflammation (JI) and osteoarthritis (OA). Bite force between pre- and post-treatment was compared in 36 patients with unilateral TMD, successfully-managed in the Department of Oral Medicine, Dankook University Dental Hospital, for this study. The ratio of men to women was 7:29 and their mean age of $28.1{\pm}13.7$ years. The patients were categorized, through clinical and radiographic examination, into aforementioned 4 groups; MMD (N=18), DD (N=6), JI (N=5) and OA (N=7). The maximum bite force measurements were done at the antagonizing canines and 1st molars using a bite force recorder. Paired t-test, ANOVA, Multiple Comparison t-tests were used for statistical analysis. The results of this study showed that the maximum bite force before treatment increased after TMD treatment, which was noticeable at the canines (p=0.001 and p=0.000 for the affected and unaffected sides, respectively). In comparison related to the diagnostic groups of TMD, patients with osteoarthritis of TMJ exhibited the lowest strength while those with inflammatory disorder of TMJ had the highest strength on the affected sides. Increase of bite force after treatment was also found in each group. Significant difference between pre- and post-treatment was found at canines on the affected sides in MMD (p=0.045) and DD groups (p=0.009) while on the unaffected sides in OA group (p=0.003). Conclusively, the reduced bite force due to TMD could be recovered by conservative TMD treatment and that the difference of bite forces between pre- and post-treatment was noticeable at the canines.

본 연구는 측두하악장애가 관절과 근육 등 다양한 구조물에 이환되는 복합적인 질환을 통칭하는 용어인 점을 고려하여 이환 구조물에 따라 세부 진단군으로 분류하여 최대교합력을 조사함으로써 진단에 따른 교합력의 차이 및 치료 전후의 교합력 변화를 평가하고자 하였다. 본 연구를 위하여 단국대학교 치과대학 부속병원 구강내과에 내원한 측두하악장애 환자 중 교합이 비교적 정상이고 치아상실이나 치주질환이 심하지 않은 편측성 증상과 징후를 환자 중에서 치료가 종결된 환자 36명 (남:여=7:29, 평균연령 $28.1{\pm}13.7$세)을 대상으로 하였다. 첫 내원시에 교합력측정기를 이용하여 이환측 및 비이환측의 견치와 제1대구치에서 최대교합력을 측정하여 비교한 다음, 치료가 종결된 상태에서 다시 한번 최대교합력을 측정, 비교하였다. 통계분석을 위해 paired t-test, ANOVA, multiple comparison t-tests를 사용하였다. 연구의 결과, 견치에서는 증상측과 비증상측 모두 치료 전에 비해 치료 후 최대교합력이 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이며 증가했으며,(p=0.001, p=0.000) 제1대구치에서는 증상측에서만 다소 증가된 경향을 보여주었다.(p=0.081) 치료전후의 최대교합력의 변화는 견치에서 뚜렷하게 나타났으나 측두하악장애를 이환 조직에 따라 저작근장애군, 관절내장증군, 관절염증군 및 골관절염군으로 나누어 비교했을 때 증상측 구치부에서 각 진단군간에 유의한 차이를 보여주었고,(p=0.023) 견치에서는 일부 군에서만 차이가 관찰되었다. 견치와 제1대구치 모두에서 골관절염군의 최대 교합력이 다른 군과 비교하여 가장 낮았는데, 이는 통증과 정형적 불안정이 교합력의 감소를 유발한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 치료전후의 차이는 저작근장애군과 관절내장증군에서는 증상측에서 유의하게 관찰된 반면, 골관절염군에서는 비증상측에서 유의하게 관찰되었다(p<0.05). 즉, 본 연구는 근육 또는 관절 기원의 통증, 기능이상, 정형적 불안정은 최대교합력의 감소를 야기하며 이는 보존적인 치료 후에 회복됨을 보여주는데, 치료 전후의 변화는 제1대구치보다 견치에서 뚜렷하게 나타났음을 시사한다.

Keywords

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