Korea-Australia Rheology Journal

The Korean Society of Rheology (한국유변학회)
권호 표지

Transverse permeability measurement of a circular braided preform in liquid composite molding

  • Chae, Hee-Sook (School of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University) ;
  • Song, Young-Seok (School of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University) ;
  • Youn, Jae-Ryoun (School of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University)
  • Published : 2007.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In liquid composite molding (LCM), composites are produced by impregnation of a dry preform with liquid resin. The resin flow through the preform is usually described by Darcy's law and the permeability tensor must be obtained for filling analysis. While the resin flow in the thickness direction can be neglected for thin parts, the resin flow in the transverse direction is important for thicker parts. However, the transverse permeability of the preform has not been investigated frequently. In this study, the transverse permeability was measured experimentally for five different fiber preforms. In order to verify the experimental results, the measured transverse permeability was compared with numerical results. Five different fiber mats were used in this study: glass fiber woven fabric, aramid fiber woven fabric, glass fiber random mat, glass fiber braided preform, and glass/aramid hybrid braided preform. The anisotropic braided preforms were manufactured by using a three dimensional braiding machine. The pressure was measured at the inlet and outlet positions with pressure transducers.

Keywords

References

  1. Advani, S. G., M. V. Bruschke and R. S. Parnas, 1994, Flow and rheology in polymer composites manufacturing, Elsevier, Amsterdam
  2. Amico, S. and C. Lekakou, 2001, An experimental study of the permeability and capillary pressure in resin-transfer moulding, Comp. Sci. Tech. 61, 1945-1959 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(01)00104-X
  3. Bechtold, G. and L. Ye, 2003, Influence of fiber distribution on the transverse flow permeability in fiber bundles, Comp. Sci. Tech. 63, 2069-2079 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00112-X
  4. Cho, Y. K., Y. S. Song, T. J. Kang, K. Chung and J. R. Youn, 2003, Permeability measurement of a circular braided preform for resin transfer molding, Fibers and Polymers 4, 135-144 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02875461
  5. Drapier, S., A. Pagot, A. Vautrin and P. Henrat, 2002, Influence of the stitching density on the transverse permeability of noncrimped new concept (NC2) multiaxial reinforcements: measurements and predictions, Comp. Sci. Tech. 62, 1979-1991 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(02)00127-6
  6. Endruweit, A., T. Luthy and P. Ermanni, 2002, Investigation of the influence of textile compression on the out-of-plane permeability of a bidirectional glass fiber fabric, Polym. Compos. 23, 538-554 https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.10455
  7. Ferland, P., D. Guittard and F. Trochu, 1996, Concurrent Methods for Permeability Measurement in Resin Transfer Molding, Polym. Compos. 17, 149-158 https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.10600
  8. Gebart, R. R. and P. Lidstrom, 1996, Measurement of in-plane permeability of anisotropic fiber reinforcements, Polym. Compos. 17, 43-51 https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.10589
  9. Ghaddar, C. K., 1995, On the permeability of unidirectional fibrous media: a parallel computational approach, Phys. Fluids. 11, 2563-2586
  10. Jones, R.M., 1975, Mechanics of composite materials, Scripta Book Company, Washington
  11. Kim, S. K. and I. M. Daniel, 2003, Determination of threedimensional permeability of fiber preforms by the inverse parameter estimation technique, Composites Part A 34, 421-429 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-835X(03)00087-3
  12. Lim, S. T. and W. I. Lee, 2000, An analysis of the three-dimensional resin-transfer mold filling process, Comp. Sci. Tech. 60, 961-975 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(99)00160-8
  13. Markicevic, B. and T. D. Papathanasiou, 2003, A model for the transverse permeability of bi-material layered fibrous performs, Polym. Compos. 24, 68-82 https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.10007
  14. Phelan Jr, F. R. and G. Wise, 1996, Analysis of transverse flow in aligned fibrous porous media, Composites Part A 27, 25-344 https://doi.org/10.1016/1359-835X(95)00016-U
  15. Pochiraju, K., 1999, Three-dimensionally woven and braided composites. : An experimental characterization, Polym. Compos. 20, 733-747d https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.10397
  16. Sadiq, T. A. K., S. G. Advani and R. S. Parnas, 1995, Experimental investigation of transverse flow through aligned cylinders, Int. J. Multiphase Flow 21, 755-774 https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9322(95)00026-T
  17. Sayre, J. R. and A. C. Loos, 2003, Resin infusion of triaxially braided preforms with through-the-thickness reinforcement, Polym. Compos. 24, 229-236 https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.10024
  18. Seong, D. G., K. Chung, T. J. Kang and J. R. Youn, 2002, A study on resin flow through a multi-layered preform in resin transfer molding, Polym. Polym. Compos. 10, 492-519
  19. Song, Y. S., K. Chung, T. J. Kang and J. R. Youn, 2002, Prediction of permeability tensor for plain woven fabric by using control volume finite element method, Polym. Polym. Compos. 11, 465-476
  20. Song, Y. S., K. Chung, T. J. Kang and J. R. Youn, 2004, Prediction of permeability tensor for three dimensional circular braided preform by applying a finite volume method to a unit cell, Comp. Sci. Tech. 64, 1629-1636 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2003.11.008
  21. Song, Y. S., K. Chung, T. J. Kang and J. R. Youn, 2005, Numerical Prediction of Permeability Tensor for Three Dimensional Circular Braided Preform by Considering Intra-tow Flows, Polym. Polym. Compos. 13, 323-334
  22. Tang, Z. X. and R. Postle, 2000, Mechanics of three-dimensional braided structures for composite materials-Part I: fabric structure and fiber volume fraction, Compos. Struct. 49, 451-459 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-8223(00)00082-9
  23. Weitzenbock, J. R., R. A. Shenoi and P. A. Wilson, 1998, Measurement of three-dimensional permeability, Composites Part A 29, 159-169 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-835X(97)00049-3
  24. Weitzenbock, J. R., R. A. Shenoi and P. A. Wilson, 1999, Radial flow permeability measurement. part B: application, Composites Part A 30, 797-813 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-835X(98)00184-5
  25. Wu, C. H., T. J. Wang and L. J. Lee, 1994, Trans-plane fluid permeability measurement and its applications in liquid composite molding, Polym. Compos. 15, 289-298 https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.750150407