각기 다른 유기물이 투여된 토양에서 토양의 화학적, 미생물학적 특성과 미생물의 다양성에 미치는 생물비료의 효과

Effects of a Biological Amendment on Chemical and Biological Properties and Microbial Diversity in Soils Receiving Different Organic Amendments

  • Park, Kee-Choon (Gyeongbuk Agricultural Research and Extension services) ;
  • Kremer, Robert J. (Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA-ARS))
  • 투고 : 2007.01.23
  • 심사 : 2007.04.20
  • 발행 : 2007.08.28

초록

여러가지의 선발된 미생물로 구성된 미생물비료는 토양 개량과 식물 생장 촉진을 위해서 여러 유기물과 결합하여 이용되기도 한다. 미생물 비료를 미생물 비료 단독으로 그리고 도시 가로수 부산물 퇴비, 가금류 분뇨 부산물, 레드클로버와 귀리의 피복작물 등의 유기물과 같이 토양에 처리하여 토양의 화학적 또는 생물학적 특성에 미치는 효과를 측정하였다. 액체상의 미생물 비료를 2년동안 3회 처리하였다. 미생물 비료 단독으로는 pH, K, 유기물 함량에 영향을 미치지 않았지만, 미생물비료의 처리는 2년 가을 모두 가금류 분뇨 부산물을 처리한 토양의 인산 함량을 증가시켰고, 첫해 가을에 퇴비를 처리한 토양의 칼슘함량을 증가시켰으며, 레드클로버를 처리한 토양의 Ca, Mg, 그리고 양이온교환용량을 감소시켰다. 미생물 비료는 레드클로버가 처리된 토양에서 첫 해 7월에 탈수소효소 활성을 증가시켰다. 미생물 비료는 유기물이 처리되지 않은 토양이나 퇴비가 처리된 토양에서 FDA의 가수분해도를 가끔 증가시켰다. 가금류 분뇨 부산물과 레드 클로버가 처리된 토양의 FDA 가수분해도와 가금류 분뇨 부산물이 처리된 토양의 탈수소효소활성은 미생물 비료의 처리로 감소하였다. 한편, 미생물 비료의 처리는 BIOLOG에 의한 토양 미생물 군락의 생리생태적 다양성에는 영향을 미치지 못했다. 따라서 토양의 미생물학적 특성에 미치는 미생물비료의 효과는 같이 투여되는 유기물의 종류에 따라 다양하다고 할 수 있으며, 탈수소효소의 활성은 레드클로버가 처리된 토양에서, 그리고 FDA 가수분해도는 퇴비와 귀리가 처리된 토양에서 가끔 증가했다.

Biological amendments consisting of suspensions of selected microorganisms are often used in conjunction with various organic materials for amending soils to improve soil quality and plant growth. The effects of the biological amendment on chemical and biological properties of soil were investigated for a biological amendmentalone and when combined with different organic materials includingmunicipal compost (MC), poultry litter (PL), and cover crops (red clover (RC) and spring oats). A liquid preparation of a biological amendment called Effective Microorganisms was sprayed on the tested plots three times over a two-year period. Effective Microorganisms alone did not influence pH, K, or organic matter content in soil. However, increases in P in PL-treated soils in fall of both years andCa in MC-treated soil in fall 2001, and decreases in Ca, Mg, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in RC-planted soil were associated with EM. Increased dehydrogenase(DH) activitiesassociated with Effective Microorganismswere only detected in July (P=0.0222) and October (P=0.0834) for RC-planted soils in the first year. Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysisappeared to be enhanced by Effective Microorganisms in soils untreated or treated with MC and oatsbut only sporadically during the sampling period. FDA hydrolysis in both PL- and RC-treated soils as well as DH activity in PL-treated soils decreased with Effective Microorganisms treatment. Effective Microorganisms did not influence substrate utilization patterns expressed by the BIOLOG assay. We conclude that Effective Microorganisms effects on soil chemical and biological properties varied depending on the added organic materials. Effective Microorganisms periodically increased soil DH activity and FDA hydrolysis with RC and with MC plus oats, respectively.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Carpenter-Boggs, L., Reganold, J. P., Kennedy, A. C. 1999. Effects of biodynamic preparations on compost development. Biol Agric Hortic. 17:313-328
  2. Carpenter-Boggs, L., Reganold, J. P., Kennedy, A. C. 2000. Biodynamic preparations: Short-term effects on crops, soils, and weed populations. Am. J. Alt. Agric. 15:110-118 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0889189300008614
  3. Chen, S. K., Edwards, C. A., Subler, S. 2003. The influence of two agricultural biostimulants on nitrogen transformations, microbial activity, and plant growth in soil microcosms. Soil Biol. Biochem. 35:9-19 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(02)00209-2
  4. Chen, S. K., Subler, S., Edwards, C. A. 2002. Effects of argicultural biostimulants on soil microbial activity and nitrogen dynamics. Appl. Soil Ecol. 19:249-259 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0929-1393(02)00002-1
  5. Ghini, R., Mendes, M. D. L., Bettiol, W. 1998. Rate of hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) as indicator of microbial activity and soil suppressiveness to Rhizoctonia solani. Summa Phytopathol. 24:239-242
  6. Glimm, E., Heuer, H., Engelen, B., Smalla, K., Backhaus, H. 1997. Statistical comparisons of community catabolic profiles. J. Microbiol. Methods. 30:71-80 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7012(97)00046-8
  7. Hussain, T., Javaid, T., Parr, J. F., Jilani, G., Haq, M. A. 1999. Rice and wheat production in Pakistan with effective microorganisms. Am. J. Alt. Agric. 14:30-36 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0889189300007980
  8. Huysman, F., Verstraete, W., Brookes, P. C. 1994. Effect of manuring practices and increased copper concentrations on soil microbial populations. Soil Biol. Biochem. 26:103-110 https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(94)90201-1
  9. Inbar Y., Boehm, M. J., Hoitink, H. A. J. 1991. Hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate in spagnum peat cotainer media for predicting suppressiveness to damping-off caused by Pythium ultimum. Soil Biol. Biochem. 23:479-83 https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(91)90013-A
  10. Lauter, J. 1996. Exact t and F tests for analyzing studies with multiple endpoints. Biometrics. 52:964-970 https://doi.org/10.2307/2533057
  11. Li, Z., Zhang, H. 2000. Application of microbial fertilizers in sustainable agriculture. J. Crop Prod. 3:337-347 https://doi.org/10.1300/J144v03n01_28
  12. Park, K. 2004. Enzymatic activity, microbial diversity, and weed seed banks in soils receiving different organic amendments and the biological fertilizer EMTM. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
  13. SAS Statistical Analysis Systems. 1999. SAS User's Guide. Version 8. Cary, NC: Statistical Analysis Systems Institute
  14. Schniirer, J., Clarholm, M., Rosswall, T. 1985. Microbial biomass and activity in an agricultural soil with different organic matter contents. Soil Biol. Biochem. 17:611-618 https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(85)90036-7
  15. Speir, T. W. 1977. Studies on a climosequence of soils in tussock grasslands. 11. Urease, phosphatase, and sulphatase activities of topsoils and their relationships with other properties including plant available sulphur. N. Z. J. Sci. 20:159-166
  16. Valarini, P. J., Diaz Alvarez, M. c, Gasca, J. M., Guerrero, F., Tokeshi, H. 2003. Assessment of soil properties by organic matter and EM-microorganism incorporation. R. Bras. Ci. Solo. 27:519-525 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-06832003000300013
  17. Xu, H, Parr, J. F., Umemura, H. 2000, Nature farming and microbiaapplications. Food Products Press
  18. Yamada, K, Xu, H. 2000. Properties and applications of an organic fertilizer inoculated with effective microorganisms. J. Crop Prod. 3:255-268 https://doi.org/10.1300/J144v03n01_21