Community Analysis of the Bacteria in Sponges of Lake Baikal by FISH Method

바이칼 호 Sponge에 서식하는 세균 군집 구조의 분석

  • Seo, Eun-Young (Dept. of Environmental Science, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kim, Mi-Ree (Dept. of Environmental Science, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Ahn, Tae-Seok (Dept. of Environmental Science, Kangwon National University)
  • Published : 2007.03.31

Abstract

The bacterial community structures at 2 sponge species belonging to the genus Baikalospongia and Lubomirskia in Lake Baikal were analyzed with fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) method. The total bacterial numbers in the genus Baikalospongia ranged from $7.2{\times}10^{7}\;to\;4.2{\times}10^{8}\;cells/ml$, and those in Lubomirskia from $1.2{\times}10^{8}\;to\;1.6{\times}10^{8}\;cells/ml$, while those of lake water were from $2.3{\times}7.7{\times}10^{5}\;cells/ml$. Total bacterial numbers in the sponges were $10^{3}-10^{4}$ times higher than those of lake water. In the genera Baikalospongia and Lubomirskia, the proportions of other unidentified bacterial groups to the Bacteria were 42.0-60.3% and 40.7-51.9%, respectively. These proportions were similar to those in lake water (22.6-46.3%). These results suggest that bacterial compositions in Lake Baikal water and sponges are highly unique.

바이칼호에 서식하는 있는2속(genus Baikalospongia와 Lubomirskia)(5.13)의 해면 내에 서식하고 있는 세균군집 구조를 조사하기 위하여 fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) 방법을 적용하였다. Baikalospongia와 Lubomirskia 속에 속하는 해면에 서식하는 총세균수는 각각 $7.2{\times}10^{7}-4.2{\times}10^{8}\;cells/ml$$1.2{\times}10^{8}-1.6{\times}10^{8}\;cells/ml$였다. 인근 호숫물의 총세균수는 $2.3{\times}7.7{\times}10^{5}\;cells/ml$ 범위로 해면에 서식하는 총세균수가 약 $10^{3}-10^{4}$배 더 높았다. 총세균수에 대한 세균군집 구조의 비율은 ${\alpha}-,\;{\beta}-,\;{\gamma}-Proteobacteria\;group$과 Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group외 다른 세균군이 genus Baikalospongia는 42.0-60.3%, Lubomirskia에서는 40.7-51.9%로, 호수물에서는 22.6-46.3%와 같이 나타났다. 이는 일반 담수에서 특정 군집이 우점하는 경향과는 다른 것으로써, 바이칼의 호숫물과 해면에 있는 세균들은 독특한 군집구조를 이루고 있음을 확인하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. 홍선희. 2001. 담수생태계에서 세균 군집 구조의 분석. 이학박사 학위논문. 강원대학교
  2. Alfreider, A., J. Pemthaler, R. Amann, B. Sattler, F.-O. Gickner, A. Wille, and R. Psenner. 1996. Community analysis of the Bacteriol assemblages in the winter cover and polagic layers of a high mountain lake by in situ hybridization. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62, 2138-2144
  3. Amann, R.I., W. Ludwig, and K.H. Schleifer. 1995. Identification and in situ detection of individual Microbiol cells without cultivation. Microbiol. Rev. 59, 143-169
  4. Christine, G., F.O. Gickner, G. Krohne, and U. Hentschel. 2005. Microbiol diversity of the freshwater sponge spongilla lacustris. Microbiol. Ecol. 50, 206-212 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-004-0172-x
  5. Efremova, S.M. 2004. New genus and new species of sponges from family Lubomirskiidae Rezvoy, p. 1261-1278. Index of Animal species inhabiting lake Baikal and its catchment area. Lake Baikal Book 1. Nauka. Nobosibirka. 1936
  6. Friedrich, A.B., H. Merkert, T. Fendert, J. Hacker, P. Proksch, and U. Hentschel. 1999. Microbiol diversity in the marine sponge Aplysina cavernicola (formerly Verongia cavernicola) analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Mar. Biol. 134, 461-470 https://doi.org/10.1007/s002270050562
  7. Friedrich, U., M. Schallenberg, and C. Holliger. 1999. Pelagic bacteria-particle interactions and community-specific growth rates in four lakes along a trophic gradient. Microb. Ecol. 34, 49-61
  8. Glckner, F.O., B.M. Fuchs, and R.I. Amann. 1999. Bacterioplankton compositions of lakes and oceans: A first comparison based on fluorescence in situ hybridization. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65, 3721-3726
  9. Hentschel, U., J. Hopke, M. Hom, A.B. Friedrich, M. Wagner, J. Hacker, and B.S. Moore. 2002. Molecular evidence for a uniform Microbiol community in sponges from different oceans. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68, 4431-4440 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.9.4431-4440.2002
  10. Hicks, R., R.I. Amann, and D.A. Stahl. 1992. Dual staining of natural bacterioplankton with 4, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and fluorescent oligonucleotide probes targeting kingdom level 16S rRNA sequences. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58, 2158-2163
  11. Hopper, J.N. An and R.W.M. van Soest. 2002. Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Plenum Publishers. New York, vol. 1
  12. Manz, W., G.G. Arp, G. Schumann-Kindel, U. Szewzyk, and J. Reitner. 2000. Widefield deconvolution epifluorescence microscopy combined with fluorescent in situ hybridization to show the spatial arrangement of bacteria in sponge tissue. J. Microbiol. Meth. 40, 125-134 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7012(99)00103-7
  13. Masuda, Y., V.B. Itskovich, E.V. Veinberg, and S.M. Efremova. 1999. Perspective studies of freshwater sponges in Lake Baikal. Berliner geowiss. Abh. E30, 329-332
  14. Miyazaki, N. 1997. Animal community, environment and phylogeny in Lake Baikal. Otsuchi Marine Research Center, Ocean Research Institute, the University of Tokyo, Japan
  15. Mller, W., E.G. Zahn, R.K. Kurelec, B.C. Lucu, I. Mller, and G. Uhlenbruck. 1981. Lectin, a possible basis for symbiosis between bacteria and sponges. J. Bacteriol. 145, 548-558
  16. Mller, W., M. Bohm, Bo. Grebenjuk, A. Skorokhod, I. Muller, and V. Gamulin. 2002. Conservation of the positions of metazoan introns from sponges to humans. Gene 295, 299-309 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1119(02)00690-X
  17. Osinga, R., J. Tramper, and R.H. Wijffels. 1999. Cultivation of marine sponges.a(re)view. Mar. Biotechnol. 1, 509-532 https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00011807
  18. Santavy, D.L., P. Willenz, and R.R. Colwell. 1990. Phenotypic study of bacteria associated with the Caribbean sclerosponge Ceratoporella nicholsoni. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56, 1750-1762
  19. Schmid, M., U. Twachtmann, M. Klein, M. Strous, S. Juretschko, M.S.M. Jetten, J.W. Metzger, K.H. Schleifer, and M. Wagner. 2000. Molecular evidence for genus level diversity of bacteria capable of catalyzing anaerobic ammonium oxidation. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 23, 93-106 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0723-2020(00)80050-8
  20. Wehrl, M. 2001. Master thesis. Universitt Wrzburg. Wrzburg. Germany
  21. Wilkinson, C.R. and P. Fay. 1979. Nitrogen fixation in coral reef sponges with symbiotic cyanobacteria. Nature 279, 527-529 https://doi.org/10.1038/279527a0
  22. Wilkinson, C.R., M. Nowak, B. Austin, and R.R. Colwell. 1981. Specificity of Bacteriol symbionts in Mediterranean and great barrier reef sponges. Microb. Ecol. 7, 13-21 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02010474
  23. Vacelet, J. 1975. Etude en microscopie electronique de I'association entre bacteries et spongiaires du genre Verongia Dictyoceraicda J. Microsc. Biol. Cell 23, 271-288
  24. Vacelet, J., N. Boury-Esnault, A. Fiala-Medioni, and C.R. Fisher. 1995. A methanotrophic carnivirous sponges. Nature 377, 296 https://doi.org/10.1038/377296a0
  25. Vogel, S. 1977. Current-induced flow through living sponges in nature. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 74, 2069-2071