Korean Journal of Community Nutrition (대한지역사회영양학회지)

The Korean Society of Community Nutrition (대한지역사회영양학회)
권호 표지

Effects of Milk Consumption on Calcaneal Quantitative Ultrasound and Bone Turnover Markers of Women Living in Asan

아산시 거주 여성에서 우유섭취가 골초음파 상태와 골대사지표에 미치는 영향

  • Kim, Hee-Seon (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Soonchunhyang University) ;
  • Kim, Min-Kyoung (Regional Innovation Center, Soonchunhyang University) ;
  • Jang, Dong-Min (Asan Public Health Center) ;
  • Kim, Nam-Soo (Institute of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Soonchunhyang University) ;
  • Kim, Jin-Ho (Institute of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Soonchunhyang University) ;
  • Lee, Byung-Kook (Institute of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Soonchunhyang University)
  • 김희선 (순천향대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김민경 (순천향대학교 지역혁신센터) ;
  • 장동민 (아산시 보건소) ;
  • 김남수 (순천향대학교 환경산업의학연구소) ;
  • 김진호 (순천향대학교 환경산업의학연구소) ;
  • 이병국 (순천향대학교 환경산업의학연구소)
  • Published : 2007.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of 16-month milk consumption as a part of the health promotion community program for women in Asan. Subjects included 313 women belonging to the milk group (mean age = 69.1, range $47{\sim}89 y$) and 66 women to the control (mean age=43.6, range $20{\sim}69 y$) group. For those in the milk group, one cup (200 ml) of partially lactose-digested low-fat milk was provided everyday for 16 months. Each subject was interviewed to assess calcium intake by a 24-h recall after fasting blood was obtained for analyzing bone turnover markers, and calcaneus broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) was measured by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) on the left heel before and after the milk supplementation. After 16 months, the calcium intake levels changed from 55% of recommended dietary allowance (RDA) to 85% RDA in the milk group and from 73% RDA to 84% RDA in the control group. BUA were reduced from $67.9{\pm}8.1$ to $64.7{\pm}17.5$ dB/MHz for milk and from $90.4{\pm}13.0$ to $87.2{\pm}15.2$ dB/MHz for control groups. Paired t-test showed the changes of BUA for both groups (-3.24 and -3.15 dB/MHz for milk and control groups, respectively) were significant, but the two groups did not show any differences in absolute changes. When post-BUA was analyzed after age, initial BUA and menopausal status were controlled as covariates in ANCOVA model, the milk group showed significantly (p < 0.05) smaller changes than the control group (-3.50 vs -6.71 dB/MHz, respectively). According to a multiple regression analysis, milk consumption and initial BUA showed significant interaction meaning that those with lower initial BUA showed higher milk effects. We conclude that one-cup a day milk consumption for 16 month can prevent further bone loss and significantly improve calcium intake.

Keywords

References

  1. Andon MB, Smith KT, Bracker M, Statoris D, Saltman P, Strause L (1991): Spinal bone denstiy and calcium intake in healthy postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 548: 927-929
  2. Chambers TJ (1980): The cellular basis of bone resorption. Clin Orthop 151: 283-288
  3. Chang JS, Moon SW, Jae JH (2000): The relationship between the variation of fermoral neck-shaft angle according to age and the fracture of the hip [abstract] Korean Society of Bone Metabolism, Spring, 2000
  4. Choi EJ, Lee HO (1996): Influencing factors on the bone status of rural menopausal women. Korean J Nutr 29(9): 1013-1020
  5. Chung CK, Ha KS (1995): Effect of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin on enzyme and mineral metabolism of bone cells and phosphorylation. Korean J Nutr 28(8): 737-748
  6. Heaney RP (2000): Calcium, dairy products and osteoporosis. J Am College Nutr 19(2): 83S-99S
  7. Hong HO, Yu CH (1994): The effect of Ca and Vitamin D supplementation on bone metabolism in postmenopausal women. Korean J Nutr 27(10): 1025-1036
  8. Hong JY, Cho YW, Baek JY, Cho HJ, Song YB (1999): The study of correlation between serum vitamin K concentration and bone metabolism in postmenopausal women. Korean J Nutr 32(3): 287-295
  9. Jansen C, Holloway L, Block G, Spiller G, Gildengorin G, Gunderson E, Butterfield G, Marcus R (2002): Long-term effects of nutrient intervention on markers of bone remodeling and calcitropic hormones in late-postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 75: 1114-1120 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/75.6.1114
  10. Julia S, Johansen B (1988): An indicator of spontaneous bone loss and effect of estrogen treatment in postmenopausal women. Europ J Med 18: 191-198
  11. Kim HS, Jung GH, Jang DM, Kim SH, Lee BK (2005): Increased calcium intake through milk consumption and bone mineral density of elderly women living in Asan. J Korean Diet Assoc 11(2): 242-250
  12. Korean Society of Nutrition (2000): Recommended Dietary Allowances for Koreans, 7th Revision, Seoul
  13. Korean Society of Nutrition (2005): Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans, Seoul
  14. Kwon IS, Kim IG, Kang CM, Yoo TW, Park BJ, Kang HS, Lee HS, Kim CI, Cho HC, Bae SH, Park SC (2001): Vitamin D and estrogen receptor gene polymorphism and their interaction associated with bone mineral density in Korean postmenopausal women. Korean J Med 60(5): 421-431
  15. Lee GJ, Lawler GS, Johnson GH (1981): Effect of supplementation of the diets with calcium and calcium rich foods on bone density of elderly females with osteoporosis. Am J Clin Nutr 34(5): 819¬829
  16. Mazess RB, Barden HS (1991): Bone density in premenopausal women: effect of age, dietary intake, physical activity, smoking and birth-control pills. Am J Clin Nutr 53: 132-142 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/53.1.132
  17. Ministry of Health and Welfare (2006): The Third Korea Health & Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES III), 2005 - Nutrition Survey (I), Seoul
  18. Na HB, Kim HJ, Park J (2002): Effects of calcium supplementation and exercise on bone mineral density in middle-aged women. Korean J Nutr 35(9): 962-969
  19. Oh SI, Lee HS, Lee MS, Kim CI, Kwon IS, Park SC (2002): Some factors affecting bone mineral status of postmenopausal women. Korean J Comm Nutr 7(1): 121-129
  20. Prince R, Devine A, Dick I (1995): The effects of calcium supplementation (milk powder or tablets) and exercise on bone density in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res 10: 1068-1075 https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650100711
  21. Raisz LG (1965): Bone resorption in tissue culture: Factors influencing the response to parathyroid hormone. J Clin Invest 44: 102-115
  22. Recker RR, Heaney RP (1985): The effect of milk supplements in calcium metabolism, bone metabolism and calcium balance. Am J Clin Nutr 41: 254-263 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/41.2.254
  23. Shin MH, Shin HY, Jung EK, Rhee JA (2002): Prevalence of osteoporosis and related factors in the elderly women over 60 years of age. Geriatrics 6(2): 130-139
  24. Slovik DM, Gunberg CM, Neer RM, Lian JB (1984): Clinical evaluation of bone turnover by serum osteocalcin measurements in a hospital setting. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 59: 228-230 https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-59-2-228
  25. Son SM, Chon YN (1998): The effect of calcium or 1 alpha (OH) D3 on the bone density and biochemical indices of elderly with osteopenia. Korean J Comm Nutr 3(3): 508-515
  26. Soroko S, Holbrook TL, Edelstein S, Barrett-Connor E (1994): Lifetime milk consumption and bone mineral density in older women. Am J Public Health 84: 1319-1322 https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.84.8.1319
  27. Sowers MR, Clark MK, Hollis B (1992): Radial bone mineral density in pre-and peri-menopausal women: A prospective study of rates and risk factors for loss. J Bone Mine Res 7(6): 647-657
  28. Suleiman S, Nelson M, Li F, Buxton-Thomas M, Moniz C (1997): Effect of calcium intake and physical activity ievel on bone mass and turnover in healthy, white, postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 66: 937-943 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/66.4.937
  29. Sung CJ, Choi SH, Kim MH, Choi YH, Lee DH, Baek SK, Kim HK, Choi MK (2001): A study on nutritional status, maternal factors, and lifestyles according to BMD in rural postmenopausal women. Korean J Comm Nutr 6(2): 192-204
  30. Sung CJ, Choi YH, Kim MH, Choi SH, Cho KO (2002): A study of nutritent intake and serum levels of osteocalcin, Ca, P, and Mg and their correlation to bone mineral density in Korean postmenopausal women residing in rural areas. Korean J Comm Nutr 7(1): 111-120
  31. Weinsier RL, Krumdieck CL (2000): Dairy foods and bone health: examination of the evidence. Am J Clin Nutr 72: 681-689 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/72.3.681
  32. Yano K, Heibrun LK, Wasnich RD, Hankin JH, Vogel JM (1985): The relationship between diet and bone mineral content of multiple skeletal sites in elderly Japanese-American men and women living in Hawaii. Am J Clin Nutr 42: 877-888 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/42.5.877